Health and Health Care for Blacks in the United StatesFebruary 2017

Figure 1

2015:

About 35 million people living in the U.S. are

Black, making up 1 in 8 of the population.

SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of March 2016 Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement, U.S. Census Bureau, Projections of the Population by Sex, Hispanic Origin, and Race for the United States 2015 to 2060. http://www.census.gov/population/projections/data/national/2014/summarytables.html.

2045:

Blacks are projected to account for about 51

million people living in the U.S.

Blacks account for 13% of the population in the United States.

Figure 2

NOTE: States outlined in orange have not expanded Medicaid. Population estimates for Maine are N/A due to high relative standard errors.SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of March 2016 Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

Blacks make up a greater share of the population in the South, where most states have not expanded Medicaid.

WA

OR

WY

UT

TX

SD

OK

ND

NM

NVNE

MT

LA

KS

ID

HI

COCA

ARAZ

AK

WI

WV VA

TNSC

OH

NC

MO

MS

MN

MI

KY

IA

INIL

GA

FL

AL

VT

PA

NY

NJ

NH

MA

ME

DC

CT

DE

RI

MD

Share of total population that is Black by state, 2015

5-15% (20 states)

≤ 4% (18 states)

≥ 16% (12 states, including DC)

No Medicaid Expansion (19 states)

Figure 3

58%*

25%*

73%*

49%

10%

84%

Age 0-34 Family Income Below Poverty Full-Time Worker in Family

Black White

*Indicates statistically significant difference from the White population at the p<0.05 level. NOTE: Whites are non-Hispanic. Includes nonelderly individuals 0-64 years of age. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of March 2016 Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement

Nonelderly Blacks are younger, more likely to be poor, and less likely to have a full-time worker in the family compared to Whites.

Figure 4

78

6460

8 7 7

2008 2011 2014

Black

White

Notes: Includes non-Hispanic Blacks. HIV diagnoses rates for ages 13 and older. Birth rate for 1991 excludes data for New Hampshire. Source: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP) Atlas, 2014 and Hamilton BE, Mathews T.J., “Continued declines in teen births in the United States, 2015,” NCHS data brief, no 259. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, September 2016, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db259.pdf

118

62

3243

2716

1991 2004 2015

There have been large improvements in some health measures for Blacks, but they still fare worse than Whites.

Age-Adjusted HIV Diagnosis Rate per 100,000

among Teens and Adults, 2008-2014

Birth Rate per 1,000 among Teen Girls Ages 15-19, 1991-2015

Figure 5

15%*11%*

15%*

38%*

9% 7% 9%

28%

Reports Fair or PoorHealth Status

Told By Doctor TheyHave Diabetes

Report Currently HavingAsthma

Adults Who are Obese

Black White

*Indicates statistically significant difference from White population at the p<0.05 level. NOTE: Whites are non-Hispanic. Includes nonelderly individuals 18-64 years of age. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of CDC, National Health Interview Survey, 2015, Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2015.

Nonelderly Black adults also face disparities in other health measures compared to their White counterparts.Health status and selected health conditions among nonelderly adults

Figure 6

13%

22% 23%

7%10%

7%

Less than aHigh School Education

Food Insecure Household Parents Reporttheir Children Live in

an Unsafe Neighborhood

Black White

SOURCES: U.S. Census Bureau, Educational Attainment in the United States, 2015. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Household Food Security in the United states in 2015. Child Trends, Neighborhood Safety in 2011/12, UpdatedMay 2013, http://www.childtrends.org/?indicators=neighborhood-safety.

Additionally, Blacks are more likely to face other challenges that affect health and access to care.

Figure 7

17%

13%12%12%

9%8%

2013 2014 2015

Black

White

Note: Includes nonelderly individuals 0-64 years of age. Source: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of March 2013-2016 Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

The uninsured rate for Blacks declined after the ACA, but they still are more likely than Whites to be uninsured.Uninsured Rate Among Nonelderly Individuals, 2013-2015

Figure 8

28%*16%

57%*

31%

56%*74%

38%*

65%

15%9% 5% 4%

Black White Black White

Uninsured

Employer/Other Private

Medicaid/Other Public

*Indicates statistically significant difference from White population at the p<0.05 level. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation of March 2016 Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

Medicaid is a key source of coverage for Blacks, particularly among children.

Nonelderly Adults Children