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Williams Massage Mastery: From Student to Professional

Lesson Plans

Chapter 13—Swedish Massage Techniques

Goals of the Lesson:

Cognitive: Students will understand the principles and applications of the six Swedish massage techniques.Motor: Students will be able to be able to perform the six Swedish massage techniques. Affective: Students will empathize with the client’s desire for a smooth and enjoyable massage experience.

Learning Objectives:

The lesson plan for each objective starts on the page shown below.

13-1 List two physiological effects from each of the six Swedish massage techniques described.......................................13-2 Compare and contrast the effects of a friction stroke applied briskly and lightly with those of a friction

stroke applied with slow, moderate pressure.................................................................................................................13-3 Explain the different effects of applying an effleurage stroke in different directions: away from the heart

and toward the heart......................................................................................................................................................13-4 Briefly explain the effect of petrissage on Golgi tendon organs...................................................................................13-5 Briefly explain the effect of friction on adhesions........................................................................................................13-6 Compare and contrast active, passive, and resisted range-of-motion techniques.........................................................13-7 Describe the effects of subtle factors such as rhythm, depth, and pacing on the client’s massage experience............

Legend: SG: Study Guide; PPt: PowerPoint

You Will Need:

Gather the following materials and teaching aids for the following lessons:13-1, 13-2, 13-6 Massage table, sheets

Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Selected Key Terms

EffleurageEnd feelFrictionJoint movementsJoint playPetrissageRange of motionRoutinesSequencingSynovial jointsTapotementVibration

Williams Massage Mastery: From Student to ProfessionalChapter 13—Swedish Massage Techniques

Objective 13-1

List two physiological effects from each of the six Swedish massage techniques described.

Date:

Lecture OutlineFigures, Tables, and Features

Resources andIn-Class Activities

Outside AssignmentsEvaluation Instructor’s Notes

Content Text page

PPt slide

Effleurage Term is from the French

verb meaning “to skim” or “to touch lightly”

Long, gliding stroke delivered with light, medium, or sometimes deep pressure

Usually follows in the direction of the muscle fibers

Usually toward the heart Main uses

Applying lubricant Warming tissue Supporting venous

return Activating the

parasympathetic nervous system response

Transition between strokes

Petrissage

372-403

Topic 13-1: 2-10;Topic 13-2: 2-10;Topic 13-3: 2-10;Topic 13-4: 2-10;Topic 13-5: 2-10;Topic 13-6: 2-10

Figures

13-1: Muscle spindles are a type of sensory receptor found in muscle tissue. These with primary endings monitor slow and fast changes in muscle length and deep pressure. When a muscle is stretched, the muscle spindle is also stretched and sends a signal causing the muscle to contract. Very rapid vibration can stimulate muscle spindles to cause muscle contractions that tone the muscle.p. 381

13-2: Mind map: joint movements.p. 386

In-Class Activities

Demonstrate, and allow students to practice, the following techniques: Technique 18:

Effleuragepp. 373-374

Technique 19: Petrissagepp. 376-377

Technique 20: Frictionpp. 379-380

Technique 21: Vibrationpp. 382-383

Technique 22: Tapotementpp. 384-385

Outside Assignments

As a research assignment that will be graded, have students summarize the history of Swedish massage in two pages.



Term is from the French verb for “to knead”

Rhythmic stroke that lifts muscles off the bone and other muscles, compresses it between the fingers, and rolls the muscle fibers as the muscle falls back into position

Often used after effleurage strokes have warmed the muscle tissue

Main uses Stimulates circulation in

the muscles Increases soft-tissue

pliability Breaks up adhesions

Friction Term is from the Latin word

“frictio,” which means to rub Heat-producing, chafing

stroke Applied either with light,

brisk strokes (superficial friction) or with depth (circular, linear, or cross-fiber friction)

Traditionally used after petrissage, and with little or no lubricant

Main uses Heats tissue

13-3: Structure of a synovial joint. Joint movement techniques focus predominantly on synovial joints, which are feely movable (diathrosis) joints where the bones do not touch each other. The ends of the bones are covered with an elastic, porous connective tissue called hyaline cartilage (or articular cartilage), which creates a smooth gliding surface for synovial articulations.p. 387

Tables

13-1: Conditions, Contraindications, and Cautions for Joint Movement Techniquesp. 389

13-2: Selected Joints That Might Be Moved during a Swedish Massagepp. 390-394

13-3: Overview of Swedish Massage Techniquesp. 402

Joint movements are covered in Objective 13-6.



Breaks up adhesions Reorganizes collagen

fibers into parallel patterns for greater ROM

Vibration Term comes from the Latin

word for “to shake” Pulsating, tremor-like or

oscillating stroke Stimulates or relaxes the

body area or the whole body Often used only in short

bursts to a particular area, because it can be tiring for the therapist

Main uses Stimulates the nervous

system Numbs the local area Loosens muscles Stimulates peristalsis

Tapotement Term comes from the Old

French for “a light blow” Rapid, rhythmic percussion

stroke Uses the hands in various

formations to drum on the client

Main uses Promotes circulation

13-4: Overview of Swedish Massage Considerationsp. 403

Concept Briefs

13-1: Effleuragep. 373

13-2: Petrissagep. 376

13-3: Frictionp. 378

13-4: Vibrationp. 381

13-5: Tapotementp. 383

13-6: Joint Structure and Functionp. 388

13-7: ROM and End Feelp. 390



Increases muscle tone Stimulates the nervous

system Loosens mucus for

easier expulsion Joint movements

Involve brain, nerves, muscles, bones

As part of Swedish massage, joint movement techniques are meant to improve joint flexibility.

Originally called “gymnastics”

Also known as range-of-motion (ROM) techniques

Joint structure Fibrous, cartilaginous,

or synovial Immovable

(synarthrosis), slightly movable (amphiarthrosis), or feely movable (diarthrosis)

Pathological restrictions can limit a joint’s ROM

There are many contraindications and cautions for using joint movement techniques

Methods Active joint movements

13-8: Types of Joint Movement Methodsp. 400



Active-assisted joint movements

Active-resisted joint movements

Passive joint movements

Passive stretches




Objective 13-2

Compare and contrast the effects of a friction stroke applied briskly and lightly with those of a friction stroke applied with slow, moderate pressure. Date:




Content Text page

PPt slide

Brisk and light friction stroke Heats local tissue Increases circulation and

lymph flow to local tissue Deep friction

Applied with slow, moderate pressure

Addresses connective tissue Applied parallel to muscle

fibers, stretches and broadens miofascia, leading to better flexibility and muscular balance

Transverse friction is applied across muscle fibers, to break up adhesions or scar tissue.

Cyriax cross-fiber friction is an advanced technique.

376-378

Topic 13-3: 2-7

Concept Briefs


In-Class Activities

Demonstrate the different ways to apply a friction stroke, following Technique 20: Friction, pp. 379-380.




Objective 13-3

Explain the different effects of applying an effleurage stroke in different directions: away from the heart and toward the heart. Date:




Content Text page

PPt slide

Applying an effleurage stroke toward the heart Most common method Assists venous return Enhances blood and lymph

circulation Applying an effleurage stroke

away from the heart Used in Ayurveda Reenergizes the limbs Strokes should be applied

lightly, to avoid damaging one-way valves contained in superficial veins.

372-374

Topic 13-1: 2

Concept Briefs

13-1: Effleuragep. 373

In-Class Activities

DiscussionWhy does Ayurvedic medicine apply effleurage strokes from proximal to distal?

Evaluation

Have students answer the short-answer question for topic 13-1 from the Study Guide: “Explain why effleurage is often the first stroke applied to a body area.”SG p. 5




Objective 13-4

Briefly explain the effect of petrissage on Golgi tendon organs. Date:




Content Text page

PPt slide

Golgi tendon organs prevent muscle contractions from damaging tendons. When a Golgi tendon organ

senses that a muscle contraction is excessive (as when lifting something that is too heavy), so that a muscle strain or tear is at hand, the organ signals to cause an instant reduction in muscle tension.

According to current research, tiny muscle tension changes, like those caused by petrissage, activate Golgi tendon organs. The Golgi tendon organs

then send signals through the nervous system to relax the muscle.

375 In-Class Activities

DiscussionWhy do we want to activate Golgi tendon organs with massage techniques like petrissage?(Answer: To relax the muscles)




Objective 13-5

Briefly explain the effect of friction on adhesions. Date:




Content Text page

PPt slide

Adhesions Feel like stuck tissue glued

together Sometimes feel like obvious

knots of bound-up tissue that the client may report as numb

Can be assessed and addressed during application of friction strokes

Friction is used to break up adhesions

378 Topic 13-3: 9-10

Concept Briefs


In-Class Activities

Share your experience with the feel of adhesions. The first paragraph under “Application of Friction” (p. 378) gives examples.




Objective 13-6

Compare and contrast active, passive, and resisted range-of-motion techniques. Date:




Content Text page

PPt slide

Active ROM techniques In active ROM techniques,

the client does the movement Active-assisted ROM

Client starts movement and therapist helps finish

Active-resisted ROM Therapist resists client’s

movement, in order to build strength

Passive ROM techniques Therapist moves the client Passive stretches

Therapist moves joint slightly past firm end feel

390-401

Topic 13-6: 10

Tables

13-2: Selected Joints That Might Be Moved during a Swedish Massagepp. 390-394

Concept Briefs

13-8: Types of Joint Movement Methodsp. 400

In-Class Activities

Demonstrate, and give students the opportunity to practice, the following techniques: Technique 23: Active

Joint Movements Paired With Massagepp. 395-396

Technique 24: Active-Assisted Joint Movementspp. 396

Technique 25: Active-Resisted Joint Movementsp. 397

Technique 26: Passive Joint Movement Techniquespp. 398-400

Outside Assignments

Assign the short-answer question for topic 13-6 from the Study Guide.SG p. 7

Assign the case study for topic 13-6 from the Study Guide.SG p. 8



Technique 27: Passive Stretchesp. 401




Objective 13-7

Describe the effects of subtle factors such as rhythm, depth, and pacing on the client’s massage experience. Date:




Content Text page

PPt slide

Once core skills are mastered, you can consider subtle factors. Therapist’s intention

Use centering and grounding to calm your energy and focus your mind before a session

Have everything ready for a session before the client undresses

Maintain appropriate professional boundaries

Be “present in the moment”

Contact The quality of your

touch is important. Warm, soft, dry, open,

confident hands are good.

Cool, damp, uncertain hands are not.

Once you have established contact, avoid disrupting it.

408-412

Topic 13-7: 9-10

Resources

Chapter 11 describes the importance of centering and grounding before the start of a massage session.

In-Class Activities

Review the subtle factors that influence the massage experience.PPt Topic 13-7: 9-10

Discuss the importance of setting the therapist’s intention before a session, and of continuous contact during the session.



Use of lubricant Use in moderation With one hand turned

over palm side up touching the client, pour lubricant into your palm and warm it by rubbing your other hand across it.

Do not break contact with the client.

Pacing and leading People have their

individual pace or personal “rhythm.”

Affects how fast they move, react, talk, etc.

Match the first part of the massage to the client.

As the massage progresses, “lead” the client into a more relaxing pace.

Depth Superficial massage is

sometimes called “fluff and buff.”

Most clients do want the therapist to sink into the tissue and address problems.

Rhythm A lot like dancing



Strokes can be applied in a regular pattern at a regular pace or tempo.

Clients relax to the rhythm.

Use music to set the pace.

Flow and continuity From one technique to

another From one body area to

another Should be one

uninterrupted action Stroke length

Long strokes tie body areas together.

Cutting a stroke short leaves the client feeling oddly frustrated.

These factors greatly affect the client’s massage experience.



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