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H THNG CU HI V BI TP N TP HKII MN HA
H THNG CU HI V BI TP N TP HKII MN HA
* * *Chng 4. Hirocacbon Nhin liu
PHN TRC NGHIM KHCH QUAN :
*Mc bit :
Cu 1. Hp cht hu c c s nguyn t hiro bng hai ln s nguyn t cacbon v lm mt mu dung dch brom. Hp cht l : A. metan. B. etylen.
C. axetilen.
D. benzen.
Cu 2.Hp cht hu c c s nguyn t hiro bng s nguyn t cacbon, tham gia phn ng cng v tham gia phn ng th nhng khng lm mt mu dung dch brom. Hp cht l
A. metan.
B. axetilen.
C. etilen.
D. benzen.Cu 3.Hp cht hu c l cht kh t tan trong nc, tham gia phn ng th, khng tham gia phn ng cng. Hp cht l : A. metan.
B. etilen.C. axetilen.
D. benzen.
Cu 4. C nhng t, cm t sau : ho tr 4, theo ng ho tr, lin kt trc tip, lin kt xc nh, oxi, hiro, cacbon, ...
Hy chn t, cm t thch hp in vo ch trng trong cu sau :
a) Trong cc hp cht hu c, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau .............(1)..... ca chng.
b) Nhng nguyn t .....(2)...... trong phn t hp cht hu c c th ............(3)........vi nhau to thnh mch cacbon.
c) Mi hp cht h c c mt trt t ............(4)....... gia cc nguyn t trong phn t.p n :
a) (1) theo ng ho tr b) (2) cacbon (3) lin kt trc tip
c) (4) lin kt xc nh
Cu 5. Mt hp cht hu c l cht kh t tan trong nc, chy to nhiu nhit, to thnh kh cacbonic v hi nc, ch tham gia phn ng th clo, khng tham gia phn ng cng clo. Hp cht c cng thc phn t l
A. CH4 . B. C2H2 . C. C2H4. D. C6H6 . Cu 6. Cho cc cht: Metan, axetilen, etilen, benzen, polietilen. Cc cht trong phn t ch c lin kt n l
A. metan, etilen.
B. benzen, polietilen.
C. metan, polietilen.
D. axetilen, metan.
Cu 7. Cho cc cht: Metan, axetilen, etilen, benzen, polietilen. Cc cht trong phn t c lin kt i l : A. benzen, etilen.
B. etilen, metan
C. axetilen, polietilen.
D. metan, axetilen*Mc hiu :
Cu 8. Hp cht hu c l cht kh t tan trong nc, lm mt mu dung dch brom, t chy hon ton 1 mol kh ny sinh ra kh cacbonic v 1 mol hi nc. Hp cht l
A. metan.
B. etilen.
C. axetilen.
D. benzen.
Cu 9.Trong nhm cc hirocacbon sau, nhm hirocacbon no c phn ng c trng l phn ng cng?
A. C2H4 , CH4 . B. C2H4 , C6H6 . C. C2H4 , C2H2 . D. C2H2 , C6H6 .
Cu 10. Cht hu c khi chy to sn phm CO2 v H2O vi t l s mol l 1 : 2 c cng thc phn t l
A. CH4.
B. C2H4 .
C. C2H2 .
D. C6H6 .
Cu 11. Mt hp cht hu c l cht kh t tan trong nc, tham gia phn ng cng brom, chy to nhiu nhit, to thnh kh cacbonic v hi nc, l nguyn liu iu ch nha hoc ancol etylic bng mt phn ng. Hp cht c cng thc phn t l : A. CH4 . B. C2H2 . C. C2H4 . D. C6H6 .*Mc vn dng :
Cu 12. Kh C2H2 ln kh CO2, SO2, hi nc. thu c kh C2H2 tinh khit cn dn hn hp kh qua :
A. dung dch nc brom d.
B. dung dch kim d.
C. dung dch NaOH d ri qua dd H2SO4 c.
D. dung dch nc brom d ri qua dd H2SO4 c.
Cu 13. Mt hp cht hu c l cht kh t tan trong nc, hp cht tham gia phn ng cng brom, t chy hon ton mt th tch kh ny cn 3 th tch oxi sinh ra 2 th tch hi nc v kh cacbonic. Hp cht c cng thc phn t l
A. CH4 . B. C2H2. C. C2H4 . D. C6H6 .
T LUN :
*Mc bit
Cu 1. Etilen v axetilen u c lin kt bi trong phn t. Chng u tham gia phn ng chy v cng brom. Vit phng trnh ho hc minh ho.p n : Ch c etilen v axetilen phn ng cng brom. Do etilen v axetilen c lin kt bi trong phn t. C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2
C2H2 + 2Br2 C2H2Br4Cu 2. in vo ch trng cng thc ho hc v iu kin thch hp.
1. CH2 = CH2 + H2O C2H5OH
2. ? + Cl2 CH3Cl + ?
3. C6H6 + ? C6H5Br + ?p n : 1. CH2 = CH2 + H2O C2H5OH
2. CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl 3. C6H6 + Br2 C6H5Br + HBr*Mc hiu :
Cu 3.C cc cht : Metan, etilen, axetilen, benzen. Cht no c phn ng cng brom ? Ti sao ? Vit cc phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng minh ha.Ch c etilen v axetilen phn ng cng brom. Do etilen v axetilen c lin kt bi trong phn t. C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2
C2H2 + 2Br2 C2H2Br4Cu 4. Hon thnh cc phng trnh ho hc sau:
C6H6 + ?
C6H5Cl + ?
C2H4 + Br2
?
C2H4 + ?
C2H5OH p n : C6H6 + Cl2 C6H5Cl + HCl
C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2 C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH
Cu 5. Vit phng trnh ho hc biu din phn ng chy ca metan, etilen, axetilen vi oxi. Nhn xt t l s mol CO2 v s mol H2O sinh ra sau phn ng mi PTHH.
Hin tng g xy ra khi sc kh C2H4 qua dd Br2. Vit PTHH.p n : CH4 + 2O2
CO2 + 2H2O (1)
C2H4 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2O
(2)
2C2H2 + 5O2 4CO2 + 2H2O (3)
Nhn xt : Phn ng 1 s mol CO2 < s mol H2O
Phn ng 2 s mol CO2 = s mol H2O
Phn ng 3 s mol CO2 > s mol H2O
Nc brom mt mu : C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2
*Mc vn dng :
Cu 6. Bng phng php ho hc nhn bit 3 kh : CO2, CH4, C2H4. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc. p n :
Ln lt sc cc kh vo nc vi trong, nhn ra CO2 do nc vi trong vn c.
CO2 + Ca(OH)2
CaCO3 ( + H2O
Ln lt dn 2 kh cn li vo dung dch brom. Kh lm mt mu dd brom l C2H4.
C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2
Kh cn li l CH4. Cu 7. Bng phng php ha hc, lm th no phn bit c cc kh : cacbonic, metan, etilen ? Vit cc phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng (nu c) gii thch. Ln lt sc cc kh vo nc vi trong, nhn ra cacbonic do nc vi trong vn c.
CO2 + Ca(OH)2
CaCO3 ( + H2O
Ln lt dn 2 kh cn li vo dung dch brom. Kh lm mt mu dd brom l etilen.
C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2
Kh cn li l metan. Cu 8. Cho 2,8 lt hn hp metan v etilen (ktc) li qua dung dch brom d, ngi ta thu c 4,7 gam ibrometan.
1. Vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng xy ra.
2. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca hn hp theo th tch.(Br = 80 ; C = 12 ; H = 1)p n :
1. Hn hp metan v etilen li qua dung dch brom ch c etilen tham gia phn ng, metan bay ra : C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2
S mol C2H4 = C2H4Br2 = 025 ( Th tch etilen l 0,56 lt.
2. C2H4 l 20%; CH4 l 80%.
Cu 9. t chy hon ton 1 hirocacbon, sau phn ng thu c 6,72 lt CO2 v 5,4 g H2O. T khi hi ca hirocacbon so vi oxi bng 1,3125. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hirocacbon.p n :
S mol CO2 = 0,3 mol; H2O = 0,3 mol.
V s mol CO2 = s mol H2O nn hirocacbon c cng thc : CnH2n.CnH2n + O2 nCO2 + nH2O
Theo PTHH: M hirocacbon = 42 ( 14n = 42 ( n = 3 ( C3H6Chng 5. Dn xut ca hirocacbon - Polime
PHN TRC NGHIM KHCH QUAN :
*Mc bit
Cu 1. Hp cht hu c X to bi C, H v O c mt s tnh cht : l cht lng, khng mu, tan v hn trong nc, tc dng vi natri gii phng kh hiro, tham gia phn ng to sn phm este, nhng khng tc dng vi dung dch NaOH. X c cng thc l :
A. CH3OCH3B. C2H5OH C. CH3-COOH D. CH3COOC2H5
Cu 2. Hp cht hu c Y lm cho qu tm chuyn sang mu , tc dng c vi mt s kim loi, oxit baz, baz, mui cacbonat, Y c cha nhm :
A. (CH=O. B. (OH . C. (COOH . D. (CH3 .Cu 3. Khi tng nhit th tan ca cc cht rn trong nc
A. phn ln l tng.
B. u gim.
C. khng i.
D. phn ln l gim.Cu 4. Hp cht hu c va tc dng vi Na, va tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c cng thc phn t l :
A. C2H6O ;
B. C6H6 ;
C. C2H4 ;
D. C2H4O2Cu 5. Cho cc cht : metan, etilen, axetilen, benzen, ancol etylic, axit axetic, etan. Dy gm cc cht trong phn t ch c lin kt n l
A. metan, etilen, axetilen.
B. ancol etylic, metan, etan.
C. benzen, ancol etylic, axit axetic.
D. etan, etilen, axit axetic.
Cu 6. Cho cc cht : metan, etilen, axetilen, benzen, ancol etylic, axit axetic, etan. Dy gm cc cht trong phn t ch c 1 lin kt i l
A. axit axetic, etilen.
B. benzen, axetilen.
C. ancol etylic, etan.
D. metan, etilen.
Cu 7. Mt hp cht l cht rn, tan nhiu trong nc, c phn ng trng gng. Hp cht c cng thc l :
A. C12H22O11 ; B. CaCO3 ; C. (C17H35COO)3C3H5 ; D. C6H12O6 (saccaroz)
(glucoz)
Cu 8. Cho cc cht: ancol etylic, axit axetic, glucoz, cht bo, saccaroz, xenluloz. Dy gm cc cht u tan trong nc l
A. ancol etylic, glucoz, cht bo, xenluloz.
B. ancol etylic, axit axetic, glucoz.
C. glucoz, cht bo, saccaroz.
D. axit axetic, saccaroz, xenluloz.
Cu 9. Cho cc cht: ancol etylic, axit axetic, glucoz, cht bo, saccaroz, xenluloz. Dy gm cc cht u c phn ng thu phn l
A. saccaroz, cht bo, xenluloz.
B. cht bo, axit axetic, saccaroz.
C. saccaroz, xenluloz, ancol etylic.
D. axit axetic, cht bo, xenluloz.
Cu 10. Cho cc cht: ancol etylic, axit axetic, glucoz, cht bo, saccaroz, xenluloz. Nhm cc cht c chung cng thc tng qut l
A. ancol etylic, axit axetic.
B. Cht bo, xenluloz.
C. Saccaroz, glucoz.
D. Axit axetic, glucoz.
Cu 11. Cho cc cht: Na, CaCO3, CH3COOH, O2, NaOH, Mg. Ancol etylic phn ng c vi:
A. Na, CaCO3, CH3COOH.
B. CH3COOH, O2, NaOH.
C. Na, CH3COOH, O2
D. Na, O2, Mg.
Cu 12. Ghp ng dng ct (II) vi cht tng ng ct (I)
Cht (I)ng dng (II)
A. CH3COOH.1. Sn xut giy
B. Cht bo2. Thc phm
C. Glucoz3. Sn xut vitamin C
D. Tinh bt4. Sn xut x phng
E. Xenluloz5. Sn xut phm nhum
6. Trng gng
7. Sn xut vi si
p n : A- 5 B - 2,4 C - 2,3,6 D - 2 E -1,7Cu 13. C cc cht sau : C2H5OH, NaOH, Ba(NO3)2, CaCO3, Na, Cu. Axit axetic tc dng c vi:
A. C2H5OH, NaOH, Ba(NO3)2, CaCO3, Na, Cu
B. C2H5OH, NaOH, CaCO3, Na
C. C2H5OH, NaOH, Ba(NO3)2, CaCO3, Na
D. NaOH, CaCO3, Na, Cu.Cu 14. Mt hp cht hu c c thnh phn gm cc nguyn t C, H v O c mt s tnh cht :
L cht lng, khng mu, tan v hn trong nc ;
Hp cht tc dng vi natri gii phng kh hiro ;
Hp cht tham gia phn ng to sn phm este ;
Hp cht khng lm cho vi si bt.
Hp cht c cng thc l
A. CH3OCH3 B. C2H5OH C. CH3COOH
D. CH3COOC2H5
Mc hiu : Cu 15. Trong cc cht sau : Mg, Cu, MgO, KOH, Na2SO4, Na2SO3. Dung dch axit axetic tc dng c vi :
A. Cu, MgO, Na2SO4, Na2SO3.
B. MgO, KOH, Na2SO4, Na2SO3.
C. Mg, Cu, MgO, KOH.
D. Mg, MgO, KOH, Na2SO3.
Cu 16. Dy gm cc cht u lm mt mu dung dch brom l :
A. CH4, C6H6
B. C2H4, C2H2
C. CH4, C2H2
D. C6H6, C2H2
Cu 17. Dy gm cc cht u phn ng vi dung dch NaOH l :
A. CH3COOH, C6H10O5 n
B. CH3COOC2H5, C2H5OH
C. CH3COOH, C6H12O6
D. CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5Cu 18. Dy gm cc cht u phn ng vi kim loi natri l :
A. CH3COOH, C6H10O5 n
C. CH3COOH, C6H12O6B. CH3COOH, C2H5OH
D. CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5Cu 19. Dy gm cc cht u phn ng vi axit HCl l:
A. CH3COOH, C6H10O5 n , PE
B. CH3COOC2H5, C2H5OH, PVC
C. CH3COOH, C6H12O6, C2H5Cl,
D. CH3COONa, CH3COOC2H5, C6H10O5 nCu 20. Dy gm cc cht u c phn ng thu phn l:
A. Tinh bt, xenluloz, PVC.
B. Tinh bt, xenluloz, protein, saccaroz, cht bo.
C. Tinh bt, xenluloz, protein, saccaroz, glucoz.
D. Tinh bt, xenluloz, protein, saccaroz, PE
*Mc vn dng : Cu 21. nhn ra 3 l ng cc dung dch khng mu : CH3COOH, C6H12O6 (glucoz); C2H5OH b mt nhn, bng phng php ho hc nhn ra ba dung dch trn c th dng
A. giy qu tm.
B. dung dch Ag2O/NH3.
C. giy qu tm v Na.
D. giy qu tm v dung dch Ag2O/NH3.PHN T LUN
*Mc bit Cu 1. C cc cht sau : C2H5OH, CH3COOH, NaOH, NaCl, Na, Cu. Nhng cp cht tc dng c vi nhau :
a) C2H5OH + CH3COOH c xc tc H2SO4 c, to
b) C2H5OH + NaOH
c) C2H5OH + NaCl
d)C2H5OH + Na
e)CH3COOH + NaOH
f)CH3COOH + NaCl
g)CH3COOH + Na
h)CH3COOH + Cup n : Cu ng : a, d, e, g ; Cu sai : b, c, f, h.
*Mc hiu
Cu 2. Thc hin dy chuyn ho sau bng cc phng trnh ho hc, ghi r iu kin phn ng:
C2H4C2H5OHCH3COOHCH3COOC2H5CH3COONap n : 1.CH2 =CH2 + H2O C2H5OH
2.C2H5OH + O2
CH3COOH + H2O
3.C2H5OH + CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
4.CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH CH3COONa + C2H5OH
Cu 3. T tinh bt ngi ta sn xut axit axetic theo s sau :
Tinh bt glucoz ancol etylic axit axetic
1. Vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng xy ra.
2. Tnh khi lng axit axetic thu c khi cho ln men 1 tn ng cc cha 81% tinh bt. (cho O = 16 ; C = 12 ; H = 1).p n :
1.
C6H10O5 n+ nH2O n C6H12O6 (1)
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH+ 2CO2 (2)
2.
C6H10O5 n nC6H12O6 2nC2H5OH
khi lng tinh bt cn = = 810 (kg)
khi lng ng cc c 81% tinh bt = = 1000 kg hay 1 tn
Cu 4. Thc hin dy chuyn ho sau bng cc phng trnh ho hc :
p n :
C6H10O5 n+ nH2O n C6H12O6 (1)
C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
Glucoz Fructoz
C6H12O6
2C2H5OH+ 2CO2
C2H5OH + O2 CH3COOH + H2O
C2H5OH + CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Cu 5. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc thc hin dy bin ho ho hc theo s sau:
C6H10O5 n C6H12O6 C2H4 CH2CH2n
CH3COOHC2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 p n :
C6H10O5 n + nH2O n C6H12O6
(1)
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH+ 2 CO2
(2)
C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH (3)
C2H5OH + O2 CH3COOH + H2O
(4)
C2H5OH + CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 +H2O (5)
nCH2= CH2 CH2CH2n (6)
*Mc vn dng
Cu 6. T cht ban u l etilen c th iu ch ra etyl axetat. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc minh ho. Cc iu kin cn thit cho phn ng xy ra c .p n :
CH2=CH2 + H2O C2H5OH
C2H5OH + O2 CH3COOH + H2O
CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O Cu 7. Bng phng php ha hc, lm th no phn bit c cc dung dch : ancol etylic, axit axetic, glucoz ? Vit cc phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng (nu c) gii thch p n :
-Nhn ra axit axetic bng qu tm i thnh mu hoc cho tc dng vi vi c kh bay ra. 2CH3COOH + CaCO3 Ca(CH3COO)2 + H2O + CO2
Nhn ra dung dch glucoz bng phn ng trng gng :
C6H12O6 + Ag2O C6H12O7 + 2Ag
Cn li ancol etylic (khng tc dng vi cc cht trn) Cu 8. T tinh bt ngi ta sn xut ancol etylic theo s sau :
Tinh bt glucoz ancol etylic
1. Vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng xy ra.
2. Tnh khi lng ng cc cha 81% tinh bt cho ln men thu c 460 kg ancol etylic. (cho O = 16 ; C = 12 ; H = 1).p n :
1.
C6H10O5 n+ nH2O n C6H12O6 (1)
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH+ 2CO2 (2)
2.
C6H10O5 n nC6H12O6 2nC2H5OH
khi lng tinh bt cn = = 810 (kg)
khi lng ng cc c 81% tinh bt = = 1000 kg hay 1 tnCu 9. trung ho 60 gam dung dch axit axetic 10% cn bao nhiu ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M, sau phn ng thu c bao nhiu gam mui ?p n :
S mol CH3COOH = 0,1
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
0,1 0,1
Th tch dd NaOH = = 0,2 (lt) = 200 ml.
Khi lng mui CH3COONa = 0,1. 82 = 8,2 (g)Cu 10. C cc kh sau ng ring bit trong mi l: C2H4, Cl2, CH4.
Hy nu phng php ha hc nhn bit mi kh trong l. Dng c, ha cht coi nh c . Vit cc phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng xy ra.p n :
Dng nc v giy mu m nhn bit kh clo.
Dng nc brom nhn bit C2H4, CH4.
Cu 11. C hn hp A gm ru etylic v axit axetic. Cho 21,2 gam A phn ng vi Na d th thu c 4,48 lt kh iu kin tiu chun. Tnh phn trm khi lng mi cht trong hn hp A. p n :
Lp h phng trnh, s mol axit : 0,2 mol v ru : 0,2 mol.
% khi lng mi cht : 43,39% ru etylic v 56,61% axit axetic.
nh sng
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