hcci engine.pdf

06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 1

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine-

Need for Society

ByProf. Sanjay Harip

Government Polytechnic,Nasik, India

June, 16th ,2009


Agenda- Necessity Vehicle Pollution Norms What is new in HCCI Engine? Methodology and Experiments Results Main Challenges Conclusion


Carbon monoxide(CO)

Air Pollutants

Ozone( NOx)

Particles (PM)(NOx, SOx, )

Toxics- Diesel particles

GreenhouseGases

- CO2, methane

Diesel Engines Contribute to Multiple


Annual Health Impacts of Diesel Emissions in the world

2,900 premature deaths240,000 asthma attacks/ respiratory symptoms600,000 lost work days

Source- WHO report 2007


Diesel’s Account for Nearly Half of NOx Emissions

Passenger vehicles - 26%

Diesel trucks - 24%

Diesel equipment - 16%

Industrial - 21%

Off roadequipment - 2%

Area wide - 2%

Trains- - 9%

1970 1980 2000 2005 2010 2012

100

80

60

40

20

Emission %

Green house Effect , Co2/NOX

Energy

Exhaust Emission HC, CO, NOx, PM

Diesel HDTPM, NOx

Need for Emission Reduction

Emission reduction and legislation focus Energy resources and reduction of CO2will gain importance

DieselHC+NOx, CO


To Meet Following Demands of the Society

Reduction in exhaust emission To achieve EURO5 norms by 2010 Higher Thermal efficiency Energy Economy


Emission Legislation

0.010.250.30.050.501-2010

Euro5

0.0250.250.3000.10.501-2007

Euro 4

0.050.50.560.10.6401-2005

Euro3

0,08-0.7-101-2000

Euro2

0.14-0.97-2.7307-1996

Euro1

Diesel

PMGm/Km

NOxGm/Km

HC +NOxGm/KM

HCGm/Km

COGm/KM

DateTier


Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment

POWER PLANT MANAGEMENT

Demands Additional Needs

Engine, Transmissionand specify

Legislation•Emissions•CO2/NOX

Customer Demands•Driving Pleasure /

Agility•Consumption•Comfort Process

Improvement( HCCI)

Recomanded by SAE


soHOMOGENOUS CHARGE COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE

IS

THE EFFECTIVE WAYTO MEET

THESE REQUIREMENTS

Technologies to Make Diesel Cleaner

Fuel

Inje

ctio

nE

quip

men

t

Air & EGR Management

Exh

aust

A

ftertr

eatm

ent

Control System

5

P M

4

NOx

3

AF

2

Tbr

1

n

P ex

ntc

Tex

VGTvane

Ttout

Trqt

mtdot

VGTurbine

Trqc

Trqt

ntc

Turbine Ine rtia

S cope4

S cope3

S cope2

S cope 1

Scop e

P roduct2

Prod uct1

P roduct

Bulk Temp.

Cyl. P res s .

fair

eng ine s peed

modot

mf

NO x

PM

NO x and P articulate

1

uMath

Function

mcdot

TcoutTicout

Inte rcooler

n

megrdot

mcdot

megrairdot

Ticout

Tegr

modot

Pim

mim

mimair

fa ir

Tim

Inta ke Ma nifold

1/20

G ain

modot

mtdot

megrdot

av. ex. temp

mfdot

n

fa ir

mem

P ex

Tex

Twall

mexdot

memair

Exha ust Ma nifold

Ti

Tfr

Tload

n

Tbr

Engine Ine rtia

megrdot

EGRcoolin

EGRcoolout

EGRc oole r

mem

EGRvalve

Pegrd

Pegru

Tegr

memair

megra irdot

megrdildot

megrdot

EGR

814.1

Dis play9

405 .2

Dis play8

0.5 45

Dis play7

405.2

Dis play6

9.213e+ 004

Dis play5

3.5 67e+0 05

Dis play4

3.426e+ 005

Dis play3

0.0 14

D is play12

815

Dis pla y1 1

0

Dis play1018 80

Display

n

mf1

mf2

mf3

mf4

mf5

mf6

P im

P ex

Tim

V1P 1

Wcyc1T1Ti1V2P 2

Wcyc2T2Ti2V3P 3

Wcyc3T3Ti3V4P 4

Wcyc4T4Ti4V5P 5

Wcyc5T5Ti5V6P 6

Wcyc6T6Ti6

ins tantaneous tq.av. ind. tq.

av. ex. t emp.av. friction tq.

Cyl-by-cyl combus tion

P im

ntc

mcdot1

Trqc

Tcout

Compre ss or

4

Engine Lo ad

3

EGRvalve

2

VG Tvane

1

mf

Advanced Combustion System

Courtesy of AVL


Why HCCI Engine ? High efficiency and ultra low emission w.r.t

conventional Diesel engine. To achieve near zero NOx and soot emission

to achieve latest Euro Norms ( E5) To reduce fuel consumption, greenhouse gas

emission.(Law of Diesel HCCI – Every one percent increase of diesel HCCI car saves

90 million liters of fuel per year. This corresponds to emission saving of some 210000 metric tones of Co2 )


What Is HCCI?

HCCI is a combustion process. HCCI is not an engine concept. HCCI must be incorporated in an engine concept.

HCCI is a low temperature chemically controlled (flameless) combustion process.

HCCI can be considered as a hybrid form between the diesel and Otto combustion process.

However combustion process is different. So there is neither Diffusion flame (as in a diesel engine) nor a flame front traveling through a premixed charge ( as in SI engine).


HISTORY OF HCCI

1979– Onishi et al who discovered HCCIand adopted in ATAC (Active Thermo Atmosphere Combustion) Engine.

1989- Experiments were made at Lund University on 4- stroke diesel engine and EGR concept were discovered to reduce NOx.

After KYOTO Protocol (Dec-1997), it was decided that to pay attention towards diesel vehicles to reduce green house gas and NOx. ( Co2 up to 180 ppm)


WORKING PRINCIPLE OF HCCI Homogenous charge is drawn in to the cylinder during suction

and compress to high enough temperature to achieve spontaneous ignition of the charge.

As shown in the images by the camera( 20 images per CAD) it can be seen that.

1. Combustion starts in almost whole volume of C.C Two degree before TDC (CAD- 02).

2. After Combustion initiation the temperature rapidly increases and whole fuel burn simultaneously ( CAD0 to CAD +03).

As whole mixture burns simultaneously and no flame propagation , combustion temp. can be controlled less than 700 deg Centigrade and thus NOx formation is avoided.


PHOTO SEQUENCE OF HCCI COMBUSTION, BASED ON

20 FP CAD CAMERA


Control of Combustion

Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) Exhaust Gas Recirculation ( EGR) Injection Strategy Combination of all


VCR Engine technology

Courtesy - MCE corporation, France


Exhaust Gas Recirculation Three important factors can be increases ignition delay lowers combustion temperature Dilution of Intake charge

It has been proved to be an effective way to reduce NOx

30 to 35% reduction in Nox by using 5 to 20% EGR


Injection Strategy


BSFC [ GM/(kWH) ]

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

NO

x [G

M/(k

WH

) ]

02468

1012141618

DI-DIESELHCCI - 0% EGRHCCI - 10% EGRHCCI - 20% EGRHCCI - 30% EGRHCCI - 40% EGR

Experimental Result of HCCI Engine

Experimental Setup At Government Polytechnic Ahmednagar

by changing injection strategy

80ccDisplacement

Direct Injection

DieselFuel

17Compression Ratio

92.3 mmStroke

81 mmBore

KirloskarMake

Four Cylinder Conventional DI Diesel engine converted in HCCI engine on Test Bed


The main Challenges with Making HCCI Practically

Effective Control System for ignition timing .

To achieve practically Variable Compression ratio.

Injection strategy w.r.t load condition .

Future scenario

Conventional (MPI)

Mar

ket S

hare

(%)

100

80

60

40

20

IDI

InternalCombustion Engine

starter / battery

Model Year 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year 2020

HybridFuel Cell

Future Share of: Engines (Passenger Cars) Fuels

Oil basedfuels

•Improved fuels•Clean fuels•Designed fuels

Gas based fuels

•CNG•GTL fuels

Bio-fuels

Hydrogen

GASOLINE

DIESEL

Gasoline/Diesel Engine

with Starter/Generator

+ superchargingDI-Diesel Starter/generator

and VVA / multiple

injection?w/o HCCI

with CAI+ supercharging+ Starter/generator

DI-Gasoline and VVA ?and/or VCR ?and combinations

w/o CAI

With HCCI


Conclusion HCCI engines are more efficient than SI and

CI engines. Lower emission of PM and NOx to meet

future norms (Euro 5 Norms ). It has fuel flexibility. HCCI engines will be cheaper than the

presently used engines because of simplicity.But

Control on Ignition timing is essential.


References André RAULT, General Secretary, Mid and Long

Term Power trains Evolution, Presentation in EUCAR, 2002

Physics-based Modeling and Control of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engines, G.M.Shavar, DDL, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University 2005.

Variable Compression Ratio –( Technology 2008-2012, MCE5, France


Thank you

hcci engine.pdf

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