Hawk Hook

• Write a paragraph responding to the following quotation– “Statistics are the numbers with the tears

washed off them”

Silent Discussion Vocabulary

• Silent: Free from sound or noise– Making no utterance– Made without spoken dialogue– Synonyms: mute, speechless, close mouthed,

uncommunicative, quiet, – aka..HUSH OR YOU WILL DEFINE TERMS FROM

THE AP REVIEW BOOK IN YOUR OWN WORDS!

“Musical” Silent Discussion I will split you into 8 groups (NO YOU DO NOT GET TO PICK!) When told, go to the poster with your assigned number on it While the music is playing there is NO TALKING Silently respond to the questions by writing your idea on the

poster board…You may answer the question, challenge the question or statement, draw a picture, ask another question, or respond to another student’s response. The point is to create a dialogue on the poster about the topic

After 2 minutes, I will stop the music and you must move clockwise to the next question.

You will then continue, like this, until you have responded to each question.

Once you have reached your first question, you will have one minute to read and respond to the comments other people wrote, for each station. We may do a third round

Migration Discussion• Opposing Viewpoints on Assimilation which is the belief that people who

move to another country should give up their old culture/language and adopt an entire new way of life.– Con: I came to the conclusion that although immigration is a problem,

it is not serious. The really serious problem is assimilation. Samuel P. Huntington

– Pro: The making of an American begins at the point where he himself rejects all other ties, any other history, and himself adopts the vesture of his adopted land. James Baldwin

• Questions to Ponder: What do you think? Should you give up your old culture for an American way of life - to what extent? What causes people to assimilate or not? Or is the very essence of America diversity?

Migration Discussion• Hospitals are closing across the country due to the burden of illegal

immigration, college students find that summer jobs have dried up due to illegal immigration, and wages across the board are lowered by the overwhelming influx of cheap and illegal labor. Duncan Hunter. Questions to Ponder: How does it affect healthcare? Are people struggling to find jobs that immigrants (especially illegal) could take? Are wages lower?

• Immigration is the sincerest form of flattery. Jack Paar. Questions to ponder: why do people migrate? Why do they choose certain places?

Migration Discussion• Answers to why both Political Parties do not do more to end illegal or limit legal

immigration: How are they similar and different?– The Republican: massive immigration, legal and illegal, is a source of cheap labor for

the business owners that make up a large portion of their party– Democratic Party: Creates a massive infusion of potential voters for their Party, and

therefore do nothing to end illegal or limit legal immigration Tom Tancredo• Republican and Democratic Presidents on immigration:

– Latinos come to the US to seek the same dreams that have inspired millions of others: they want a better life for their children. Family values do not stop at the Rio Grande. Latinos enrich our country with faith in God, a strong ethic of work, community & responsibility. Immigration is not a problem to be solved, it is the sign of a successful nation. New Americans are to be welcomed as neighbors and not to be feared as strangers. GW Bush

– Ultimately, the danger to the American way of life is not that we will be overrun by those who do not look like us or do not yet speak our language. The danger will come if we fail to recognize the humanity of [immigrants]--if we withhold from them the opportunities we take for granted, and create a servant class in our midst.

Migration Discussion• Opposing Viewpoints on the Dream Act: A proposed law that would give

citizenship to children of undocumented workers who have lived here for years and agree to attend college or join the military. Why do each feel the way they do? Should the children who have lived in the US most of their lives be punished for the actions of their parents?– Pro: Supreme Court Justice William Brennan writes that “those who elect to

enter our territory by stealth and in violation of the law should bear the consequences. . . . But the children of those illegal entrants are not in the same situation. They should not be denied an education.

– Cons: William Gheen added that "the idea of training illegal aliens to use elite weaponry is not a good national security strategy because he believes many illegal immigrants have "separatist and racist political ideologies."”

• Could be a quick route for the illegal parents to gain citizenship

Migration Discussion• I shouldn’t have to press one for English. Questions to Ponder: Should you have

to know English fluently before moving to the US? Should English be a national official language? Or should we embrace our diversity by accepting different official languages? Should we all try to be bilingual like much of the world?

• If the American dream is for Americans only, it will remain our dream and never be our destiny ~ Rene de Visme Williamson. Questions to Ponder: What is the American Dream? Its purpose? How did it start? If we stop immigration, are we killing the American dream?

Migration

The Cause and Effects of

Population Movement

Migration Vocabulary!

Diffusion Review!• What is diffusion?– The spread of ideas or characteristics from one area to

another• What is expansion diffusion?– Ideas or characteristics transfer in a snow-ball effect

• What is Relocation Diffusion?– The spread of ideas or characteristics by the physical

movement of people

Migration Vocabulary• Mobility:

• all types of movement from one place to another

– Circulation• short-term repetitive movements • What would be some examples?

– Ex. Going to the store, visiting your relatives, going on vacation

– Seasonal Mobility• Movements based on the time of year• What would be some examples?

– To and from college– Transhumance: nomadic herders following

seasonal game and vegetation

Migration Vocabulary• Migration

• Permanent move to a new location

• Specific type of relocation diffusion

– Emigration: from a location– Immigration: to a location

• Net Migration: Difference btwn # of immigrants and # of emigrants– Net in-migration: immigrants out #

emigrants » Absorption or Dispersion?

– Net out-migration: emigrants out # immigrants» Absorption or Dispersion?

Net in-Migration

Net out-migration

Why do people Migrate?Reasons, distance, and characteristics

of migration

• How has technology transformed diffusion?– Relocation to expansion diffusion

• Why are we still migrating?– Wealth and culture

General Information

E.G. Ravenstein

Basis of migration studies Ravenstein’s laws: 3 Groups:

Reasons for MigratingThe distance they typically move The characteristics of migrants

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration• Most migrants move only a short distance.• Each migration flow produces a compensating counter-flow. • Long-distance migrants go to one of the great centers of

commerce and industry. • Natives of towns are less migratory than those from rural

areas. • Females migrate over short distances, males more likely to

migrate long distances.• Economic factors are the main cause of migration. • Migration increases with economic development

Push and Pull Factors• Push factors: compels people to move out

of a location• Pull factors: compels people to move into

a location• Do people take moving lightly?– Must have push and pull factors to move

• Hate current home…new home looks like promise

• 3 kinds of push and pull factors

1. Economic • Most common• Varies country to country, region to region

depending on type of jobs available

2. Cultural • Forced migration: compelled

to move by cultural factors– Slavery

• Trail of Tears• Atlantic Slave Trade

– Political instability• Drawn boundaries split ethnic groups• Forced rival groups together• WAR• Refugees: forced from homes, no

return for fear of persecution (religious, ethnic, or political)– 33 million refugees today

Trail of Tears

Atlantic Slave Trade6 million Africans were forcibly moved from their homes to the Americas. 13% died from malnutrition and disease on the middle passage.

3. Environmental• To physically attractive areas from hazardous ones– Mountains, seaside's, climates

• Myrtle Beach has grown 57% since 1990…Why?• Twice the SC average

– Water:• Too much: flooding

– Katrina• Too little: Drought

– The Dust Bowl

“In just 14 days, the hurricane scattered as many as 1 million evacuees across the US, the largest dislocation in 150 years.”

Houses were shut tight, and cloth wedged around doors and windows, but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air, and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables, on the dishes. ~ Grapes of Wrath

Where do people migrate?

Internal Migration • Permanent movement within a

country• Most common migration– Why would this be the most “ideal” form

of migration?• Less traumatic: same culture, usually closer to

family

• 2 Types– Interregional: from one region to another• Example?• Most common: rural to urban for jobs

– Intraregional: movement within a region• Example?• Most common: Old city to new suburbs

International Migration

• Permanent movement from one country to another

• Two types– Voluntary: a move for economic improvement– Forced migration: What was this?

Video Reflection:

• Take notes on the following:– 2 AP paragraphs– What hardships did the family have to endure on

their journey to Tanzania, include physical features, government policies, and the resources available in the refugee camp.

– Your overall impression

Why would many of the Middle Eastern nations have populations that

are 60-75% immigrants? (the US is 12%)

• Well paying, dangerous jobs in the oil fields

Migration Transition• Wilbur Zelinsky• Related to demographic

transition• Stage 2 of Demographic

Transition = international migration– Technology: not as many farmers

necessary– Move in search of new work

• Stage 3 and 4 of Demographic Transition = internal migration– Destination of international

migrants– Intraregional migration: from

cities to suburbs

Characteristics of Migrants

Gender of Migrants in the US

• Historically males 55% of migrants• Since 1990’s 55% females– Represents changing status of Latin American

women

Family Status of Migrants in the US

• Most young adults (40% 25-39)• Few elderly (5% over 65)• Increasing number of Children (16% under 15)– Why?– Result of more women

US ImmigrationHistorical Patterns and Impact

5 Eras or waves of US Immigration

1. Colonial Immigration• From Europe and Africa– Who was voluntary? Who was

forced?– 90% British– 650,000 West Africans to US

2. First wave of 19th Century Immigration: 1840-50’s

• Push Factors:– 1st Northern and Western Europe – Entered Stage 2: overpopulation in cities– Famine in Ireland– Political instability– Germany: property rights (split equally among

children, over years not much land for each child

• Pull Factors– Cheap Farmland– Factory Jobs

• Reaction:– Welcomed with open arms to the U.S. Were

protestant and many spoke English.

3. 2nd wave of 19th Century Immigration: 1880’s-1900

• Push Factors:– Came from Scandinavia (northern

Europe, sometimes called Norden). – Same push factors

• Pull Factors– Cheap Farmland: settled

Great Plains• Reaction:– Welcome! White,

protestant, not English but learned quickly

4th Wave 1890’s-1920• Much larger • Immigrants came from Southern

and Eastern Europe. (Italy, Poland, Romania, etc)

• Reaction:– Backlash. People angry: said don’t

need any more immigrants. Country was full. Some truth to that, but was that the only reason? Some scholars say racism: Eastern and Western Europeans didn’t speak English, were Catholic (not protestant) more olive in skin tone…not white.

5th Wave Recent Immigration• Last 25 years– Record immigration– Asia and Latin America• Asians: Fleeing communism in SE Asia,

Indians often highly educated in upper middle class jobs – Mostly to California (closer & Tech jobs),

• Latin Americans: economic opportunities

– Actually decreasing in recent years (documented)

Impact of Immigration

Diffusion of European Culture• Indo-European languages

spoken by 50% of world• Christianity most popular

religion• Similar political systems in NA

and Australia• Conflict– Relocation/discrimination of

Native peoples– Superimposed Boundaries

Undocumented Immigration to the US• Undocumented

Immigrants: illegal, unauthorized, immigrants

• Estimate 11-12 million• 1.3 million caught yearly• Political Debates• What do you think?– Think…Pair…Share– How can it be bad for

American Culture and Economy?

– How can it be good for American Culture and Economy?

– YOU MUST COME UP WITH A RESPONSE FOR BOTH!

Border Monument

Destination of ImmigrantsDocumented

• 25% CA• 25%: NY, FL, TX

Undocumented• 25% CA• 25% FL, TX• 25% NY, AZ, IL, GA, NJ

Destination of Immigrants

Demographic Transition Review

• Fill out the chart using your notes from Population Growth and Decline and Population Migration.

• You will need your notes on:– Demographic Transition– Epidemiological Transition– Migration Transition

• I have filled in the areas you do not have information on in your notes.

Influences on Destination• Proximity– Where would Cubans want to go?– Where would Mexicans want to go?

• Chain Migration– Migration to specific place bc family or

people of same nationality went there

Obstacles facing Migrants

Policies and cultural problems

2 Main Obstacles• Previously: long journey• Now– Permission to enter – Hostile attitudes

Immigration Policies

US Quotas Quotas: max limits on the number of people who

could immigrate to the US• Quota Act of 1921 and National Origins Act of

1924– Limited most migration from Europe

• 1978 Hemispheric Quotas– 290,000 yearly split by W and E Hem.– 20,000 from any one country– Preferences • Family reunification • Skilled Employment sponsorship

– Leads to “Brain Drain”: Emigration of talented people

– Outside limits• Refugees • Spouses, Children, Parents of US citizens

Guest Worker Program• How is Europe’s population

growth?– Need guest workers to fill labor

shortages– Began in 1930’s same discrimination

as US today– Send money to home (Middle East,

Northern Africa)• Positives: brings up standard of living in

home countries, and Fills low and no skill jobs, lowering unemployment in Europe• Negatives: most money not spent in

Europe, cultural isolation of the guest worker: Algerian guest workers often from Maghreb region of N Africa have children born in France, children live entire lives there, speak French, culturally French but NOT CITIZENS

Japan• How is Japan’s population

growth?• What could this mean for jobs?• Still no guest workers why?– Extremely proud of heritage– Want homogeneous culture

Migrants v Refugees• Refugees special priority• Must prove political/cultural

persecution• Economic reasons not accepted

Hostility in a New Country

US attitudes• Opposition to immigrants different from

WASPS• Many want to deny access to public services• Think…pair…share– Should children of undocumented immigrants

receive social services?

Interregional Migration

Westward Expansion in US• Population Center: the

average location of everyone in the country – Has moved westward and

southward• Westward Expansion– Pulled by cheap/free land– Railroads– Canals– Population center from DC –

Missouri in 2000

Rust Belt – Sun Belt in US• Rust Belt– North East and Mid West– Declining steel and

manufacturing (deindustrialization)• Outsourcing• Unionization

– Weather: retirees to the south• Sun Belt– More job growth– Lower Wages– Less Unionization– New Industries– Temperate Climate

Government Pushes/limits Interregional Migration

• Incentives to move– Land– High Wages– Holidays– Materials to start

industry/agriculture– Ex. Russia, US, Indonesia

• Limits to migration– Permits– Ex. India• Protects way of life of State of Assam

Russian Natural Resources

Rural ~> Urban Migration

• Push out of rural areas– Mechanization (loss of need for more farmers)

• Rise of Technology Jobs– Move into cities with jobs in computer tech fields

(Silicon Valley, California)• YUPIES (Young Urban Professionals)– Move to urban areas for employment, social, and

cultural opportunities• When opportunities fall few leave cities due to

emotional bonds

Intraregional Migration• Where is most intraregional

migration from?– From cities to suburbs– Pulled by lifestyle not jobs originally,

now jobs rising in suburbs with growth of pop

– What are the “pulls” of suburbia? Create a list… ESPECIALLY STRONG FOR YOUNG COUPLES• Private homes• Yards• Space for cars• Better Schools• Public transportation/cars to jobs• Interstate Highway Act: roads in and out

– Farms on periphery of cities now suburbs

Friction of Distance and Migration

• What is friction of distance?– Suburbanization and movement easier

due to:• Improved Transportation• Telecommuting

Counter Urbanization• Immigration into rural

areas– End of 20th century in

N America and W Europe

– Search of leisure, quiet– Mostly retirees– Most work in services

in nearby town– Technology connects

rural to urban– Stopped in US

International Migration Patterns today

• Core- Periphery: Migration still occurs mostly from peripheral areas (Africa, Asia, and Latin America to North America and Western Europe)– Why?– Why not Japan?

International Migration Patterns today

• Distance Decay: Migration still occurs mostly to places where less distance decay will occur– Ex: Algerians to France– Mexicans or Other Latin Americans to

Southwestern US– Why?

International Migration Patterns today

• Chain Migration: Move to areas where others have gone (relates to other two)– Asians to Middle East for oil jobs– Latin Americans to US– Why?