harp measurements of pion yield for neutrino experiments issei kato (kyoto university) for the harp...
DESCRIPTION
Physics goal of HARP Systematic study of hadron production –Beam momentum: 1.5 – 15 GeV/c –Target materials: from hydrogen to lead Inputs for the prediction of neutrino fluxes for K2K and MiniBooNE experiments Inputs for the precise calculation of atmospheric neutrino flux Pion/Kaon yield for the design of proton driver and target system for neutrino factories and SPL- based super-beams Inputs for Monte Carlo generators (GEANT4, e.g. for LHC or space applications)TRANSCRIPT
HARP measurements of pion yieldHARP measurements of pion yieldfor neutrino experimentsfor neutrino experiments
Issei Kato (Kyoto University)for the HARP collaboration
Contents:1. HARP experiment
• Physics motivations• Detector status
2. First physics analysis for K2K target3. Summary
NuFact 04 @ Osaka
Introduction Introduction - motivations -- motivations -
Physics goal of HARPPhysics goal of HARPSystematic study of
hadron production– Beam momentum:
1.5 – 15 GeV/c– Target materials:
from hydrogen to lead
• Inputs for the prediction of neutrino fluxes for K2K and MiniBooNE experiments
• Inputs for the precise calculation of atmospheric neutrino flux
• Pion/Kaon yield for the design of proton driver and target system for neutrino factories and SPL-based super-beams
• Inputs for Monte Carlo generators (GEANT4, e.g. for LHC or space applications)
Analysis for K2K: motivationAnalysis for K2K: motivation
10 2 43 5E (GeV)
4
8
12x1010
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
0 1 2 3 4 5Neutrino Energy (GeV)
(xL
)/(
xL)
SKSK
FDFD
22
12GeV proton12GeV proton
++
pp
pion monitorpion monitor
Spectrum @ KEKSpectrum @ KEK
Far/Near spectrum ratio Far/Near spectrum ratio ≠ 1≠ 1
10 2 43 5E (GeV)
2
4
6
8x104
measured by NDmeasured by ND
w/o oscillationw/o oscillation
w/ oscillationw/ oscillation
TargetTarget
Spectrum @ SKSpectrum @ SK
>1GeV>1GeVConfirmed by PIMONConfirmed by PIMON
momentum/angular distribution neutrino enerugy spectrum (specially below 1 GeV)
++
~0.6GeV~0.6GeV
Horn MagnetHorn Magnet
Decay pipeDecay pipe Near detectorNear detector Far detectorFar detector250km250km
Region of Interest in K2KRegion of Interest in K2K
In K2K case: In K2K case: EE : 0 ~ 5 GeV : 0 ~ 5 GeV• P < 10 GeV/c• < 300 mrad
Most important regionMost important region(oscillation maximum:(oscillation maximum:
EE ~ 0.6 GeV) ~ 0.6 GeV)• 1GeV/c < P1GeV/c < P < 2 GeV/c < 2 GeV/c• < 250 mrad< 250 mrad
E P
P vs
Analysis forAnalysis for Forward RegionForward Region
Oscillation maxOscillation max
HARP ExperimentHARP Experiment
HARP CollaborationHARP Collaboration
124 physicists 24 institutes
HARP DetectorsHARP Detectors
Beam DetectorsBeam DetectorsBeam Cherenkov:
p//K separationBeam TOF:
p//K separationMWPC:
Beam direction
T9 beamLarge angle tracksLarge angle tracks(inside solenoid)TPC: Tracking & PIDRPC: PID
Forward trackingForward trackingNOMAD drift chambers:
Dipole magnet:Tracking &
Momentum analysis
Forward Particle IDForward Particle IDTOF wall:PID for 0–4.5 GeV/cCherenkov:PID for 3–15 GeV/cEM calorimeter:e/ separation
Used for Forward AnalysisForward Analysis
Detector PerformancesDetector Performances
Beam DetectorsBeam Detectors
TOF-A
CKOV-A CKOV-B
TOF-B
21.4 m
T9 beam
MWPCs
• Beam tracking with MWPCs :Beam tracking with MWPCs :– 96% tracking efficiency using 3 planes out of 4– Resolution <100m
MiniBooNE target
Beam Particle IdentificationsBeam Particle IdentificationsBeam TOF:Beam TOF:separate /K/p at low energy
over 21m flight distance– time resolution 170 ps after
TDC and ADC equalization– proton selection purity >98.7%
Beam Cherenkov:Beam Cherenkov:Identify electrons at low energy,
at high energy, K above 12 GeV– ~100% eff. in e- tagging
12.9 GeV/c (K2K) Beam
Cherenkov ADC
K
p/d
K
p
d
3.0 GeV/c beam
Forward Tracking: NDCForward Tracking: NDC
• Reused NOMAD Drift Chambers– 12 planes per chamber (in total 60 planes)– wires at 0°,±5° w.r.t. vertical
• Hit efficiency ~80% (limited by non-flammable gas mixture)
– correctly reproduced in the simulation• Alignment with
cosmics and beam muons drift distance resolution ~340 m
Plane efficiencies Side modules
Plane number
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0mod1 mod2 mod3 mod4 mod5
Resolution= 340 m
TPC
NDC1 NDC2 NDC5
NDC4
NDC3
Dipole Cherenkov
TOF-wall
EM calorimeter
beam
reused from NOMAD
MCMC
datadata
No vertex constraint includedNo vertex constraint included
momentum resolutionmomentum resolution angular resolutionangular resolution
Forward tracking: resolutionForward tracking: resolution
MCMC
Forward PID: TOF WallForward PID: TOF Wall
TOF time resolution ~160 ps3 separation: /p up to 4.5 GeV/c
K/ up to 2.4 GeV/c 7 separation of /p at 3 GeV/c
3 GeV beam particles3 GeV beam particles
datadata
p
Separate Separate /p (K//p (K/) at low momenta (0–4.5 GeV/c) ) at low momenta (0–4.5 GeV/c) • 42 slabs of fast scintillator read at both ends by PMTs
1
2022
Lttpm wall
PMT
Scintillator
Forward PID: CherenkovForward PID: Cherenkov
Separate Separate /p at high momentum/p at high momentum• filled with C4F10 (n=1.0014)• Light collection: mirrors+Winston cones 38 PMTs in 2 rows
e+
+
p
p
+
Nphel
datadata
Nphel
3 GeV beam particles3 GeV beam particles 5 GeV beam particles5 GeV beam particles
datadata
Forward PID: CalorimeterForward PID: Calorimeter
Hadron/electron separationHadron/electron separation(Reused from CHORUS)• Pb/fibre: 4/1 (Spaghetti type)
– EM1: 62 modules, 4 cm thick– EM2: 80 modules, 8 cm thick
• Total 16 X0
• Energy resolution
electronselectrons
pionspions
3 GeV3 GeV
datadata
)(%23GeVEE
E EM Energy (a.u.)
Ene
rgy
EM
1/E
M2
Forward AnalysisForward Analysis- for K2K target -- for K2K target -
Forward TrackingForward Tracking
dipole magnetNDC1 NDC2
B
x
zNDC5
beam
target
Top view
11
22NDC3
NDC4
Plane segment (2D)
33
• Categorize into 3 track types depending on the nature of the matching object upstream the dipole1. Track(3D)-Track(3D)2. Track(3D)-Plane segment(2D)3. Track(3D)-Target/vertex constraint
To recover as much efficiency as possible To avoid dependencies on track density in 1st NDC module
(hadron model dependent)
Track (3D)
3
1
)()()(
)( 111
t
tj
tjt
j
tijtrack
iacci
i NM
pion efficiency(Data)
3
1
)(
t
trackti
tracki
)(
)()()(
kj
kbkgj
kjk
j N
NN
pion purity(Data)
pion yield(raw data)
tracking efficiency(Data+MC)
migration matrix(not computed yet)Acceptance (MC)
i = bin of true (p,)j = bin of recosntructed (p,)
Forward Analysis - cross section -Forward Analysis - cross section -
K2Kinterest
Forward acceptanceForward acceptance
dipoleNDC1 NDC2
B
xz
If a particle reaches the NDC module 2,the particle is accepted.
2 4 6 80
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
P(GeV/c)
acce
ptan
ce
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
acce
ptan
ce
-200 0 200 (mrad)
K2K interest
MCMC
MCMC
downupdowndown
recp
acc
downtrack
NN
NN
.
Downstream trackingefficiency ~98%
Up-downstream matching efficiency ~75%
Tracking efficiencyTracking efficiency
track is known at the level of 5%
Green: type 1Blue: type 2 Red: type 3
Black: sum of normalized
efficiency for each type
Total Tracking Efficiency
0 2 4 6 8 10
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
-200 -100 0 200100P (GeV/c) x (mrad)
Tota
l tra
ckin
g ef
ficie
ncy
Tota
l tra
ckin
g ef
ficie
ncy
Total tracking efficiency as a function of p(left) and x (right)computed using MC with 2 hadron generators properly Both hadron models compatible (except for |x| < 25 mrad)
Need more study for this region.
Dependence of tracking efficiencyDependence of tracking efficiencyon hadron production modelson hadron production models
0 2 4 6 8 10P (GeV/c)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
-200 -100 0 100 200x (mrad)
exclude |x| < 25 mrad, this time
Tota
l tra
ckin
g ef
ficie
ncy
Tota
l tra
ckin
g ef
ficie
ncy
Particle identificationParticle identification
e++
p
number of photoelectrons
inefficiency
e+
h+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
p
P (GeV)P (GeV)
e
k
TOF CERENKOV CALORIMETER
3 GeV/c beam particles3 GeV/c beam particles
TOFCERENKOV
TOF ?CERENKOV
CERENKOVCALORIMETER
TOF
CERENKOV
CAL
+
p
datadata
ekpphe
phephe pPEEpPNpPpP
pPEEpPNpPpPEENpP
,,,21
2121 )|()|,,()|,()|,(
)|()|,,()|,()|,( ),,,,|(
tof cerenkov calorimetermomentumdistributionUsing the Bayes theorem:Using the Bayes theorem:
1.5 GeV 3 GeV 5 GeV
datadata
Forward PID: Forward PID: efficiency and purity efficiency and purity
1.5 GeV 3 GeV 5 GeV
Type
1Ty
pe2
Type
3
Type
1Ty
pe2
Type
3
Type
1Ty
pe2
Type
3
Type
1Ty
pe2
Type
3
Type
1Ty
pe2
Type
3
Type
1Ty
pe2
Type
3
0
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.8
1
pion
effi
cien
cy
0
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.8
1
pion
pur
ity
Iteration: dependence on the prior removed after few
iterations
truej
obstruej
tj NN /)( obs
jobstrue
jt
j NN /)(
we use the beam detectors to establishthe “true” nature of the particle
Use K2K thin target (5%Use K2K thin target (5%))• To study primary p-Al interaction• To avoid absorption / secondary interactions
5%5% Al target (20mm) Al target (20mm)
Raw dataRaw data
p > 0.2 GeV/c|y | < 50 mrad25 < |x| < 200 mrad
Pion yield: K2K thin targetPion yield: K2K thin target
K2K replica (650mm)K2K replica (650mm)
0 42 6P(GeV/c)
8 10 0 100 200-100-200x(mrad)
p-e/ misidentification background
Pion yieldPion yieldAfter After
all correctionall correction
5% Al target p > 0.2 GeV/c|y | < 50 mrad25 < |x| < 200 mrad
Systematics are still to be evaluated:• tracking efficiency known at 5% level• expect small effect from PID
0 42 6P(GeV/c)
8 10 0 100 200-100-200x(mrad)
SummarySummary
• HARP experiment has collected data for hadron production– With wide range of beam momentum and targets
• Analysis for Forward region– Improvement in tracking efficiency ~75%
• Downstream the dipole magnet: tracking efficiency ~98%• Matching through the magnet: ~75%
(MC behaves well, only scale factor by data)• Little dependence on hadron production models
– PID performance is also robust
• HARP first results for K2K thin target are available
Outlook & To doOutlook & To do
• K2K thin target for primary interaction– Compute deconvolution and migration matrix– Evaluate systematic uncertainties– Investigate super-forward region (|x|<25 mrad)– Empty target study for background subtraction– Normalization for absolute cross section
(using minimum biased trigger)
• Analysis of K2K replica target for far/near ratio calculation
• Similar analysis for MiniBooNE target
• These are just two out of a number of measurements relevant for neutrino physics, those will be provided by HARP in the near future