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An Introduction to LATEX

Dr. Abhijit Sarkar

Machine Design SectionDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Madras

Chennai - 600 036, TN, India.

October 11, 2012

A. Sarkar (Mech Engg. @IITM) ID6020 Mar 2012 1 / 19


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Outline & Objective

1 Introduction

2 Basic LATEXcommands

3 Bibtex

ObjectiveAppreciation of the features in LATEX.Preparation of documents and presentations in LATEX



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Introduction

What is LATEX?

LA

TEXis a typesetting program.The user prepares an input file which is compiled by LATEXtogenerate an output pdf file.

The input file contains different LATEXcommands and the text

material.Typical commands - formatting, inserting mathematical symbolsand equations, inserting pictures, etc.

High quality technical documents can be generated efficiently

using LA

TEX.Most reputed journals, international conferences, universitythesis encourage documentation through LATEX.

Learning curve for LATEXis steep in the begining but with someexperience the user grows comfort in the usage.



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Introduction

Installing LATEX

LATEXis a freeware.

Various installations of LATEXare available depending on theOperating System, 32bit/64 bit, etc. Example - Miktex 2.9

A front end text editor with special formatting for the latexcommands is also helpful. MikTex 2.9 comes with the frontendtexworks. Others can be downloaded separately such asTexniccenter, Texmaker, gvim, etc.

Variants are available for compiling e.g. - Latex, pdflatex, Tex,XeLatex, etc.

Exercise: Install LATEXin your system. You will get a lot of helpon this from the web.


B i LAT X d


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Basic LATEXcommands

Structure of a LATEXinput file\documentclass[a4paper, 12pt]{article}

% This is a comment% Every document should begin with

% a document class specification

\usepackage{amsmath}

\usepackage{graphicx,subfigure}

% additional packages to be included during the% compilation process

\newcommand{\drop}[1]{}

\begin{document}

\section{Introduction}This is the introduction

\section{Conclusion}

This is the conclusion

\end{document}


B i LAT X d


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Basic LATEXcommands

Sectioning and Subsectioninng

\section{Introduction}

\label{sect:intro}This is introduction

\section{Method}

\label{sect:method}

This is the method.\section{Results}.

Using the method described in

section \ref{sect:method},

following results are obtained.

\subsection{Validation}Old Results Reproduced

\subsection{Novel Results}

New Results

\section{Conclusion}

1. Introduction

This is introduction2. Method

This is the method3. Results

Using the method de-scribed insection 2, followingresults are obtained.3.1 Validation

Old Results Repro-duced3.2 Novel Results

New Results

4. ConclusionA. Sarkar (Mech Engg. @IITM) ID6020 Mar 2012 6 / 19

Basic LATEXcommands


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Basic LATEXcommands

Setting the margins

\topmargin0.1inThe top margin of the page is set as 0.1in.

\textheight9.5in

The text portion contained in the page is of height 9.0in .

\textwidth6.5inThe text portion contained in the page is 6.5in wide.

\oddsidemargin0.1in

For odd pages a margin of 0.1in is given on the left side.

\evensidemargin0.1inFor even pages a margin of 0.1in is given on the left side.

Negative values may also be used in topmargin, oddsidemargin,evensidemargin to reduce the margin.


Basic LATEXcommands


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Basic LATEXcommands

Fonts

\textbf{Bold}

\textit{Italics}

\textsl{Slanted}

\textsc{SmallCaps}

\textsf{Sans Serif}

\texttt{Typewriter}\textcolor{red}{Red}

\underline{Underline}

\underline{\textbf{Important}}

\fbox{boxed}

Bold

ItalicsSlanted

SmallCaps

Sans Serif

TypewriterRedUnderlineImportant

boxed

Font size can be changed by the following commands

\small{}, \tiny{}, \large{}, \Large{}, \Huge{}


Basic LATEXcommands


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Basic LATEXcommands

Math environment

Mathematical symbols and formulae are typeset in math environmentText. $\alpha + 1 = \beta$

This is a equation

\begin{equation}

\nabla^2 \phi = 0\label{laplace}

\end{equation}

Refer equation (\ref{laplace}).

This is an unnumbered equation

\begin{displaymath}

\nabla^2 \psi + k^2 \psi = 0

\end{displaymath}

Text. + 1 = This is a equation

2 = 0 (1)

Refer equation (1)

This is an unnumberedequation

2 + k2 = 0


Basic LATEXcommands


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Basic LTEXcommands

Typesetting Mathematical Formulae

Input Command

\alpha + \beta = \gamma

Output: + =

Input Command

\frac{D f}{D t} = \frac{\partial f}{\partial t} +

u \frac{\partial f}{\partial x}

Output: DfDt

= ft

+ ufx

Input command

\int_0^1 x^2 \, dx = \frac{1}{3}

Output:1

0x2 dx = 1

3

Input command

\tau_{ij} n_j = T_i

Output: ijnj = Ti


Basic LATEXcommands


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E

More Mathematical Formulae

Input Command:

\sum_{n=1}^{N} n = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}

Output:N

n=1 n =n(n+1)

2

Input Command:

\frac{D u}{D t} =\overbrace{\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}}^{\mbox{

Local}} +

\underbrace{u \frac{\partial u}{\partial x}}_{\mbox{

Convective}}

Output: DuDt

=

Localu

t+ u

u

x

ConvectiveA. Sarkar (Mech Engg. @IITM) ID6020 Mar 2012 11 / 19

Basic LATEXcommands


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E

More Mathematical Formulae

Input Command:

\left(\stackrel{\rightarrow}{a} \otimes

\stackrel{\rightarrow}{b} \right)

\stackrel{\rightarrow}{c}

= \left( \stackrel{\rightarrow}{b}

\cdot \stackrel{\rightarrow}{c}\right) \stackrel{\rightarrow}{a}

Output:(

a

b

)

c=(

b

c)

a

Input Command:

\int_V \nabla \cdot \stackrel{\rightarrow}{v} \, dV

=

\oint_S \stackrel{\rightarrow}{v} \cdot \hat{n} \, dS

Output: V

v dV = S

v n dS


Basic LATEXcommands


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Long EquationsInput Command:

\begin{gather}

\mathcal{A} = a + b + \ldots z \\ \nonumber\alpha + \beta + \ldots

\end{gather}

Output:A = a + b+ c. . . + (2)

+ + + . . .

Input Command:

\begin{eqnarray}

x + y & = & 3 \\ x - y & = & 1 \\

\Rightarrow x = 2 & \& & y = 1 \nonumber

\end{eqnarray}

Outputx + y = 3 (3)

xy = 1 (4)

x = 2 & y = 1A. Sarkar (Mech Engg. @IITM) ID6020 Mar 2012 13 / 19

Basic LATEXcommands


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Typesetting Matrices

Input Command:

\begin{displaymath}\left[

\begin{array}{cc}

\alpha & \beta \\

\gamma & \delta

\end{array}\right]

\left\{

\begin{array}{c}

x_1 \\x_2

\end{array}

\right\}

\end{displaymath}

Output[

]{x1x2

}


Basic LATEXcommands


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Typesetting Tables

\begin{table}[htbp]

\begin{tabular}{||l|c|c||} \hline\textbf{Name} & Dept & CGPA \\ \hline \hline

Abc & ME & x.y \\ \hline

Pqr & ME & y.x \\ \hline

\end{tabular}\caption{Caption}

\label{tab1}

\end{table}

Table \ref{tab1} can be

refered in this way

Name Dept CGPA

Abc ME x.yPqr ME y.x

Table: Caption

Table 1 can berefered in thisway


Basic LATEXcommands


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Inserting Pictures

It is best to insert picture files in the form of .eps (latex) or .jpg

(pdflatex) formatLATEXcommand for inserting a picture file

\begin{figure}

\includegraphics[width=0.5in]{iitm2.eps}

\caption{IITM Logo}\label{figlogo}

\end{figure}

The figure \ref{figlogo} can be refered in this way.

Output

Figure: IITM Logo

The figure 1 can be refered in this way.A. Sarkar (Mech Engg. @IITM) ID6020 Mar 2012 16 / 19

Basic LATEXcommands


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New commands

Input:\newcommand{\be}{\begin{equation}}

\newcommand{\ee}{\end{equation}}

\newcommand{\drop}[1]{}

\begin{document}

bla bla

\be

\alpha \beta = \gamma

\ee

\drop{This is rejected .}\end{document}

Output: bla bla = (1)



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References

1 LATEXA Docment Preparation System Users Guide andReference Manual - L. Lamport, Pearson Education, 2009.

2 The not so short introduction to LATEX- T. Oetiker, et. al. 2006(available on net).

3 The LATEXcompanion - M. Goosens, F. Mittelbach and A.Samarin, Addison Wesley, 1994.



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Thank You


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