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responsi bi l i ty forTHE SHAH HAD NO CHOCE He i s no fool Before hi s eyes was the exampl e of Ki ngAmanul l ah of Afghani stan, dri ven f romhi s throne on J anuary 14 1929, j ust f i f ty yearsago, for tryi ng to bri ng hi s country i nto the twenti eth century agai nst the wshes ofrel i gi ous fanati cs There was no enemy at the door when Amanul l ah tri ed to modernizeAfghani stan Averel l Harriman was barel y keepi ng Soviet Russi a on her feet and Bri taiwas the uncontested protector of the Persi an Gul f But i n 1967 Bri tai n wthdrew f romAden and the Persi an gul f was dri ven f romthere by a crusade agai nst col oni al i smwhi ch Ameri can l abor l eaders were f i nancing and agi tati ng, to put i t more correctl y Wth the Bri ti sh gone, the Shah had no choi ce but to pi ck up the burden they were l ay-i ng down No one el sewas goi ng to Shah Mohammed Reza Pahl avi , who mounted thethrone i n 1941, searched the map for al l i es he coul d count on i f I ran and the sea l i nkbetween the oi l states and the I ndi an Oceanwere threatened There were noneHe determned to make I ran the f i f th most powerful nati on of the worl d, capabl e ofbl ocki ng a Russi an advance unti l the West shoul d real i ze to what extent her owni nterests were threatened and come to hi s ai d Thi s meant the encroachment of modern,central i zed government and reform I t necessi tated an army of 250,000 men supportedby 500,000 gendarmes and pol i cemen I t meant the spending of a f i f th of hi s oi lrevenues between 5 and 7 bi l l i on dol l ars on sophi sti cated weapons, i ndustri al i zatiand al l the technol ogi cal advances a backward clergy, wanti ng to return to the ol d dayof theocrati c l awwhen they were the bosses, woul d opposeAhead-on conf l i ct was i nevi tabl e N nety-three percent of I ran s 33 ml l i on peopl ebel ong to the Shi i te sect, a sect so fanati cal that each year duri ng the four-weekperi od of Moharrem mourning the death of the Cal i ph A i 1317 years ago, frenziedI rani ans f l agel l ate themel ves and each other Pl ayi ng on thi s fanati ci smthe Shi i tecl ergy has exerci sed a tyranny over the masses whi ch no secul ar l eader has ever knownI n thei r short-si ghtedness the external Russi an menace was non-existent A l that

hori ty wote i n the London DALY TELEGRAPH of1978 I t woul d be wrong to l ay al l the bl ame fori ng on the Shah or hi s immedi ate associ ates,h thei r fai l i ngs may have been Western countri es,Ameri ca, but al so Bri tai n, France, West Germanyve a l ot to answer for For years they have pi l ederythi ng the Shah asked for, regardl ess of theersia to absorb the very l atest weapons or modernThey ei ther di d not bother to f i nd out, or moret want to knowwhat di srupti on to the social fabri cash programwas causi ng - di srupti on whi ch, as weate, made the present cri si s i nevi tabl e. What thenot menti on was Presi dent Carter s share of person

ABri ti sh aDecember 1what i s hapseri ous thoi n parti culand J apan,i n to sel lcapaci ty oftechnology l i kel y di dthe Shah snowsee tooBri ti sher d

what i s happening, but we shal l return to that l ater

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J anuary, 1979 ie 2mattered was the threat to thei r authori ty, the moderni zati on, the l and reform whi chdi spossessed the sect of i ts great estates, and the Shah' s namng of a woman to be agovernment mni ster i n charge of women' s affai rs On the far l eft were the students who became al l i es of the backward clergy the momentthe Shah' s moderni zati on and defense programbecame an obstacle to the Russi ans Theare Moscows foot sol di ers i n every country i n the West They were powerful enough tmake Ameri ca accept defeat i n V etnamand i gnorant enough to care not a whi t for theconsequences I n the hatred of the Shah which had been i nsti l l ed i n them they pre-ferred to be under communi st rul e than the government they had, and because they werestudents any measure to keep themi n l i ne brought thei r parents and a fatuous worl d tthei r defense The bi goted cl ergy and communi zed students were ready and wai ti ng when an Ameri canPresi dent began making wndy speeches on the new f reedom, whi ch mul l ahs and studentransl ated as marchi ng orders Then came President Carter' s NewYear' s eve vi si t toTeheran at the end of 1977, when, wthout any i dea of the probl em hi s host was faci nor the monster he was conj uri ng fromthe vase, the Ameri can Presi dent took i t uponhimel f to force the I rani an government to l oosen i ts gri p, a move which opened thef l oodgates A year after the Ameri can Presi dent tol d I ran' s Shah how to run hi s housthe whol e edi fi ce crumbled Thi s i s how the onl y barri er between the Arab oi l statesand a Russi an advance was destroyed R PEREGRINE WORSTHORNE, OF THE LONDON SUNDAY TELEGRAPH i s one of the best pol i ti caanal ysts of our day On December 17 1978, he expl ai ned how the Shah was thrust i ntoassumng the burden whi ch forced himto armand moderni ze I t was Bri tai n' s suddenand dramati c l oss of nerve after the second worl d war whi ch resul ted i n the eventuascuttl e fromAden and the Persi an Gul f, M Worsthorne wrote

He was bei ng chari tabl e M I rvi ng Brown, Ameri ca' s rovi ng troubl emaker on the l abofront, had the wei ght of the monster I nternati onal Confederati on of Free Trade Uni ons(ICFTU) behi nd himand was determned to run the Bri ti sh out 15 ml l i on of Ameri cauni oni zed workman' s dues were poured i nto the ICFTU between 1949 and 1965 (TIME, Marc26, 1965) to forma borderl ess l abor uni on empire wthi n whi ch any nati onal uni oncoul d chal l enge i ts government M Brown was determned to l i berate Aden and pl ace i n power a man named Abdul l ahA asnag, whomhe and Ameri can l abor l eaders had sel ected and trai ned A asnag' spol i ti cal party was the Aden Trade Uni on Congress (ATUC), whi ch by bei ng a l abor uni ocoul d bri ng the wheel s of the country to a hal t wth i mpuni ty The ICFTU press and radi o report of J anuary 8 1963, cal l ed on the worl d' s l abor uni oto take acti on agai nst Bri tai n, for having attempted to protect the Persi an Gul f, byarresti ng Al asnag on charges of sedi ti on By that time I rvi ng Brown, the ubi qui tousl abor agi tator, was AFL-CIO representati ve to the I CFTU and ICFTU representati ve toU. N Hs power was immense Again and agai n Ameri ca' s l abor col umni st, V ctor R esel , wrote approvi ngl y of thegl obal l abor uni on whi ch Detroi t' s fi ery redhead, Wal ter Ruether, was putti ng to-gether fromhi s headquarters i n Frankfurt' s new i nternati onal hotel .On November 26 1964, R esel went i nto raptures over Reuther' s meeti ng wth thel eaders of automobi l e workers' uni ons from27 nati ons i n a key step towards a newworl d-gi rdl i ng uni oni sm No one but a l abor boss coul d have poked hi s nose i ntocountri es where he had no busi ness and announced that he was formng a gl obe-spanni ngorgani zati on powerful enough that a push of a button i n Detroi t woul d touch off troubaround the worl d Had i t been anyone but a uni on l eader V ctor R esel woul d have hadthe i ntegri ty to poi nt out that the i nf l uence of the troubl emaker i n the red bl oc wasni l and that onl y the free worl d nati ons woul d he ever hol d to ransom

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J anuary, 1979 Page 3-The l i beral press and al l i t s col umni sts were j ust as si l ent when I rvi ng Brown was soi ng revol uti on i n the col oni es of our al l i es pri or to Russia' s taki ng themover Sowe f i nd the December 19 1975 TIMES of London l ayi ng the troubl es of the Peopl es'Democrati c Republ i c of Yemen, of whi ch Aden i s the capi tal , to alarge governmentdefi ci t, aggravated by a Bri ti sh deci si on to rai se sal ari es immedi atel y before i nde-pendenceThe truth i s the Bri ti sh were bl ackmai l ed i nto rai si ng sal ari es because I rvi ng Brownunceasi ng stri kes gave themno peace unti l the sal ari es were rai sed Thus, i n the enthe Shah was not onl y forced to take on protecti on of the non-communi st Arab worl d ani ts water ways, threatened by countri es whi ch I rvi ng Brown' s l i berati on movements hadcleared for communi st penetrati onThe Shahwas l oved by hi s peopl e when I ran' s march to greatness began and i t was nocoi ncidence that the al l i ance of communi st students on the l eft and a narrowcl ergyon the ri ght di d not rai se i ts head unti l he became an obstacle to Russi a' s pl ans When he took on the responsi bi l i ty Bri tai n had been harassed i nto droppi ng, the Shahdi d not have the oi l resources whi chwere to come at a l ater date Thi s meant that ti ntroduce hi s crash programof moderni zati on and everythi ng the fanati cal mul l ahs anddedi cated communi sts hated, he needed Ameri can ai d To get i t he had to take on anAmeri can l awf i rmwth rel ati ons to a certai n senator and gi ve i t a si zabl e cut Thehe had to hi re Mari an J avi tz, the wfe of Senator J ake J avi ts, as an agent at a tre-mendous sal ary When Presi dent Kennedy sent one of hi s peaceful revol uti on boys on a fact- f i ndi ngtrip to I ran, the Shah was tol d Break up the big estates or no money Thi sal i enated powerful faml i es as wel l as theweal thy Shi ' i te sect and pl anted the seedsof troubl e Presi dent Carter' s speeches, made for the sake of mnori ty votes at home,came as a fol l owup punchwth the wei ght of an Ameri can ul timatum Yet, the Presi denei ther consi dered the communist menace nor had any knowedge of theMosl emworl d i nwhi ch he was meddl i ng AS I RANS OL PROFITS INCREASED THE RUSSI AN SHADOWGREW When the Shah bui l t factori eref i neri es, roads and sea and ai r fl eets to protect the oi l l anes, Russi a stepped upher bori ng fromwthi n and the formati on of SAVAK, the secret pol i ce, became anecessi ty I f Saudi Arabi a attempted to buy pl anes and weapons to protect hersel f agai nst thehard- l i ne Arab states whi ch the Russi ans were armng, a cry went up f rompro- I sraelci ti zens i n Ameri ca and the press Yet the Saudi rul ers were Ameri ca' s fri ends I ran suppl i ed 80 of I srael ' s oi l , yet the senators most favorabl e to I srael at el ec-ti on time fought to prevent the Shah frompurchasi ng seven four-motor Boei ng AWACf l yi ng radar pl anes, the sophi sti cated and costl y defense ai rcraft whi ch woul d enabl ehimto detect a ml i tary i nvasi on at any al ti tude On December 29 I rani an stri kersoffered to renewoi l producti on for home consumpti on but none must be exported toI srael At l ast the truth was out Presi dent Carter' s famous Presi denti almemorandumNo 10 foresawNATOs abandonmentof a thi rd of Wst Germany, i ncl udi ng Hamburg and Muni ch, i n the event of a WarsawPact attack Chapter three of the same memorandumpredi cted that i n the course of th1980s the Persi an Gul f may become the troubl e spot of the worl d The warni ngs weretoo clear to be i gnored The Shah was i n a race wth ti meTHERE WERE ALSO I NTERNAL FACTORS TO BE CONSI DERED Over a ml l i on Afghans worki ng i nI ran' s expandi ng i ndustry and al ong the country' s 1,600-mle common border wth Russirepresented a potenti al f i f th col umn after the Afghan coup d' Etat of Apri l 27, 1978

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J anuary 1979 i 4On the Russi an side of the border Moscowmassed a Persi an-speaking di vi si on Groupsof Russi an ci vi l i ans capabl e of mxi ng wth the I rani an communi ty were i nstal l ed atstrategi c entry poi nts I n hi s desperate need of men capabl e of handl i ng the sophi sti cated equi pment he wasbri ngi ng i n the Shah had sent over a hundred thousand students abroad They wereto formthe backbone of the new I ran and assure her defenses agai nst Russi a i n thenorth and east and I raq in the west He l earned, l i ke NorodomSihanouk, that studentsent to Moscow com home anti -communi st , whi l e those educated i n France and Ameri careturn i ndoctri nated by l ef ti st professors and eager to serve as l i nks between comadabroad and the Communi st Party at hom Wstern uni versi ti es have become the meeti nggrounds of the worl d' s future communi st l eaders I n the present stri kes and ri ots i n I ran one of the f i rst thi ngs Prime Mni sterGeneral Ghol amAzhari noti ced was that the student l eaders cam frompoor faml i es buhad automobi l es wth whi ch to di stri bute thei r l eaf l ets and brochures The stri kerswhen asked, i ndi vi dual l y, why they were paral yzi ng the oi l i ndustry admtted that thehad been threatened wth repri sal s when the Ayatol l ah Khomeini returns f romFranceMessengers of the Ayatol l ah boast that communi cati ons between themand Neauphl e-l e-Chateau are more rapi d than those of the Shah wth hi s embassy i n Paris THROUGH I T ALL THE NEWSPAPERS OF THE WEST REMANANTI -SHAH Wth the possibl e excep-ti ons of Chi l e and South Afri ca, I ran has been subj ected to the most vi cious fusi l l adof i nvecti ve and cal umny i n the worl d The professors and edi tors supporti ng thecommuni st ri oters i n I ran are concerned wth the fate of I srael , yet they conti nuedto attack the Mosl emrul er suppl yi ng I srael wth 80 of her oi l Surel y they knewthat I srael ' s oi l woul d be l ost, al ong wth the I rani an buf fer between the conserva-ti ve states and the Russi an-backed hard-l i ners, i f the Shah' s government shoul d fal l I t makes no sense I t shoul d have com as a surpri se to no one to l earn that M Ral phSchoenman, theAmeri can l ef ti st who helped Bertrand Russdl l set up the war crims tri al agai nstAmri ca, i n Roski l de, Denmark, i n December 1967, i s i n I ran, l eadi ng I ran' s Ameri caCommttee for Arti sti c and I ntel l ectual Freedom i n the f i ght to destroy the Shah(Schoenman was barred fromBri tai n i nMarch 1968 when J udge Davi d Pennant granted adi vorce to the wfe Schoenman hadmarri ed i n order to obtai n a resi dence permt (Judge Pennant di screetl y descri bed the grounds as eccentri ci ti essuch as refusi ngto wash and bathe and having repl aced hi s wfe by a dog and by a man i n hi s mosti ntimate acti vi ti es .As of thi s wi ti ng, the Shah i s the man i n the mddl e, between l avi shl y f i nancedgroups on the far l ef t and an evenmore destabi l i zi ng movement on the theocrati cri ght Not al l of the rel i gi ous l eaders are bl i nd to the fact that i f the thronefal l s there can be no wnners On December 11, at the height of the great mourningperi od, the Ayatol l ah of Meshed, i n the northeast where he was closer to Russi a,declared before thousands of worshippers that the Cal i ph A i and Hossai n, the founderof the Shi a sect, had appeared to himi n a vi si on and procl aimed that the pri ncipalenemy i s not the Emperor but the communists and that Khomei ni has made a pact wththe devi l A l ocal reacti on appeared i nMeshed for the Shah but i t sputtered out wthout reachi nthe nati on as a whol e For the Wst the danger i s compounded by Turkey' s sl i de towarSoviet Russi a as a resul t of Ameri ca' s sensel ess arm embargo, l evi ed to gai n Greekvotes for Congressmen as short-sighted as the Ayatol l ah Khomei ni pol i ti ci ans i nIndi ana, Maryl and and Mchi gan

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J anuary 1979 Page RUSSIA S LEOND BREZHNEV DECLAREDTO PRESIDENT SIAD BARRE, OF SOMALI A before thebreak between the two countri es Persi a i s provi ng a hard nut to crack, but weare worki ng on i t and may succeed sooner than anyone suspects Si nce then the coup i n Afghani stan has brought Russi an tanks wthi n 300 mles ofthe eastern bank of the Strai ts of Hormuz whi ch control the entrance to the Persi anGul f Labor unrest fomented by I rvi ng Brown and I CFTU as we have previ ousl y men-ti oned, brought the Russi ans, East Germans and Cubans i nto South Yemen, 500 ml esfromthe Western bank Before the pi ncer cl oses we shoul d contempl ate the rol ehatred has pl ayed i n moti vati ng the acti ons of the Shi a bi shop (Ayatol l ah) servi ngBrezhnev s i nterests under the favorabl e condi t i ons which the Ameri can Presi dentbrought about through hi s pressure on the Shah THE WORD AYATOLLAHMEANS CHOSENOF ALLAH Ruhal l ah Khomeini , the pri nci pal actorexpl oi t i ng thi s rel i gi ous rank i n the I rani an drama was exi l ed i n 1963 when thearm put down a revol t he headed because of the l and reform He went to Naj af, i npro-communi st I raq, and conti nued to i ssue cal l s for i nsurrecti on, l ess out ofl oyal ty to the ol d Khaj ar dynasty whi ch had rul ed si nce 1794 and was voted out bythe Mej l i s (Parl i ament) i n November 1925, than out of hatred of the Pahl avi s I n 1977 the Shah ordered an i nvesti gati on of corrupti on wthi n the extremel y ri chchurch, and Shi i te Moslem were sent i nto streets again wherever they wereKhomeini s son was ki l l ed i n a demonst rati on i n Baghdad Many bel i eve i t was adi rty tri cks assassi nat i on carri ed out by the I raqi secret servi ce to i nci tethe I rani an Shi i tes against I raq s enem, the Shah I f so, the pl ot was successful I n March of 1978 Presi dent Carter s New Freedomspeeches came as a shot i n the armfor the pl otters i n I ran and revol t broke i ntothe open wth impuni ty Khomei ni sei zed on the opportuni ty to settl e personal scoresSAUD ARABIA KNOWS THAT THE FLAMES CAN SPREAD They have al so been forced tomodernize and arm Some 75,000 of thei r own students are recei vi ng trai ni ng abroadand wth i t i ndoctri nati on Pri nce Fai sal bi n Musai d, they wl l never forget,returned fromhi s pol i t i cal sci ence course at Uni versi ty of Cal i forni a i n Berkel ey,under Professor Paul Seabury and the ex-C A l eft i st, R Harri s Smth, and shot hi suncl e, the Ki ng There are around sevenml l i on peopl e i n Saudi Arabi a, of whomtwo ml l i on at l eastare non-Saudi s Some are fromYemen and about 800,000 are Pal esti ni ans representi nga f i f th col umn i nto which Li byans, Arab hard-l i ners and Sovi et agents may sl i p Saudi Arabi an l eaders and Emrs fromthe gul f states watch the effects of the constanf l owof i ncendi ary tape-recordi ngs whi ch the Ayatol l ah sends fromFrance and thepi cture i s not pl easant to contempl atePi erre de V l l emarest, one of the foremost pol i t i cal anal ysts i n Europe, made thetrek out to Neauphle-l e-Chateau to tal k to the powerful Khomei ni and as l ong as hestuck to the banal wri tten quest i ons which the Ayatol l ah had had time to study, theconversati on went smoothly Wen Pi erre asked Howare you goi ng to sol ve the economc cri si s i nto whi ch youhave pl unged the country through your agi tat i on of these past fewweeks? How doyou expect the country to get back on i ts feet i f you expel the forei gn techni cians,or i f you return to your opposi t i on to agrari an reform And aren t you afrai d thatwhen the present regime i s destroyed you wl l be outpaced by a party as t i ghtl y-kni tand wel l organi zed as the Tudeh? (The communi sts)There was no repl y The i nterpreter, who was not I rani an, rose and sai d, TheAyatol l ah i s ti red

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J anuary 1979 Pa&e 6I RAQ I S NOT WHOLLY PLEASEDWTHWHAT I S HAPPENNG I raq' s i nvi si bl e government i sthe i nner core of the Ba' ath Party, and i n October i t deci ded i t was time forKhomei ni to move elsewhere Hs tape-recorded sermons of hate coul d backf i re What i f General Mustapha Barzani , the l eader of I raq' s rebel l i ous ' urds shoul dbegi n sending tape-recordings fromI ran and the Shah shoul d start parachuti ng arm?I raq pl aced the Ayatol l ah under house arrest whi l e the anti -Shah I rani an communi tyi n France set up the newheadquarters i n Neauphl e-l e-Chateau One may ask why theFrench permtted Khomei ni to conti nue sendingmessages f romFrench soi l cal l i ng onthe I rani an Army t o revol t and urgi ng students to cry Death to the Shah? Tothi s every shade of the French pol i ti cal spectrumhas i ts own answer French servi ces qui ckl y veri f i ed that Li bya, I raq and Russi a were provi di ng money Young I rani ans, members of the Tudeh Party, made up Khomei ni ' s secretari at i nFrance Worki ng i n cooperati on wth the French Communi st Party they provi dedcouri ers to pass hi s orders and tapes i nto I ran Thei r sympathizers i n Bri tai nturned the BBC (Bri ti sh Broadcsti ng Corporati on) i nto a propaganda organ, yetboth governments remai ned apatheti c FOR THE MULLAHSWHAT I S GONG ON I S A LI FE ANDDEATHSTRUGGLE Shoul d I ran becomea secul ar, western-type soci ety the weal th and authori ty of the Shi ' i te cl ergy wl lbe l ost forever Russi a sees I ran as the battl ef i el d whi ch wl l tip the scal e i nfavor of worl d revol uti on, and a backward fanati c who has been out of hi s countryfor f i f teen years seem l i kel y to swng the bal ance i n Russi a' s favor When President Carter' s speeches convi nced Tudeh and the Shi ' i tes that he was wththemno one tol d himhe was fanni ng a dormant f ire i n a vol ati l e country where onl yone Shah has di ed natural l y, on hi s throne, i n the past two hundred years Perhaps the most stupi d Ameri canmove of al l was when Secretary of the TreasuryWl l i amE Simon decl i ned to vi si t I ran i n J ul y 1974 The Shah i s a nut, theAssoci ated Press quoted Simon as sayi ng, i n a report out of Washi ngton dated Jul y15, 1974, and repri nted throughout theMosl emworl d True, the Shah was commtti ng the unpardonabl e He was armng to protect hi s countryand the West agai nst Russi an domnati on of the crossroads between the Occi dent andthe East

To our subscri bers Thi s report i s repri nted i n Bri tai n and transl ated i ntoFrench, Norwegi an and Dani sh Address domesti c busi ness to H du B Reports,P 0 Box 786, St George, Utah 84770 H l ai re du Berri er' s Ameri can address i s3583 Cochise Dri ve, NW Atl anta, Georgi a 30339 Hs forei gn of f i ce i s 20Boul evard Pri ncesse Charl otte, Monte Carl o, Pri nci pal i ty of MonacoSubscri pti on rate 15 per year Extra copi es 30 ~ each

H l ai re du Berri er, CorrespondentLeda P Rutherford, Managing Edi tor

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owwi l l theS fare i n 1979?AS J ANUARY WENT I TS WAY Hanoi repeated i n Cambodia the phoney Vi etcong ruse i t usedagainst Ameri ca i n Vi etnam The most sensibl e observati on on the pl i ght of the Cambodi ans, as thei r f ate was decided by powers beyond thei r control , cam out of Engl andA Sunday Tel egraph edi tor put i t : Wen peace i s hel l , war i s no worse. Thi s wasonl y one of the presages of i l l omen as the worl d f aced 1979AMER CA S DEC SI ON TODROP TA WANAND TAKE UP PEKI NG the London Dai l y Telegraph ofDecember 20, 1978, stated, was caused by the eagerness of big busi ness i nterests toget in on the mul ti -bi l l i on dol l ar i ndustri al i zati on program pl anned by Vi ce-PremerTeng Hsi ao-pi ng for the so-cal l ed great l eap f orward I n pl ai n Engl i sh, to sel l Chinproducts to copy and mchi nes wth whi ch to mnufacture them so that Asian cheap l abomy crowd Ameri ca and the Wst out of sti l l more mrkets af ter the short-termprof i t ireal i zed Carter admni strati on spokesmn admt that the Uni ted States has recei ved nwi tten or even secret pl edges f romthe Peki ng regim that i t wl l not move ml i tari l yat some stage to reuni te Taiwanwth minl and Chi na, the sam j ournal declared Shakespeare put i t wel l when he wote : Wen troubl es com they com not singl e spi esbut i n battal i ons EVENTS I N I RAN proved the val i di ty of Edmund Burke s observati on that when subj ects arerebel s by nature rul ers wl l be tyrants f rompol i cy The prerequi si te for poi soni ngpubl i c opi ni on agai nst a rul er i s to be abl e to portray himas a tyrant And to f i thimi n the rol e of tyrant one f i rst i nci tes hi s subj ects to a point where he has toprotect the state and himel f To prepare publ i c opi ni on i n the west for betrayal ofan al l y, i t i s next necessary to portray himas ri ch Thi s i s the pol i ti cs of envy M El don Gi f f i ths, Chai rmn of the Bri t i sh- I rani an Parl i amntary Goup i n the House oCommons, wote on September 22 1978 : I ran under a l eader who i s consci ous of the neeto carry more and more of hi s peopl e wth himi n the process of moderni zat i on i s i n-f i ni tel y more attracti ve than an I ran i n chaos - whi ch at present i s the onl y al ternatiThere i s danger that I ran wl l f al l ; that near-communi smor near-chaos wl l repl ace thepresent embattl ed (and embarrassed) regim But l et no one imgi ne that such an out-com woul d hel p the Wstern worl d I t i s i n the i nterests of Bri tai n, Europe and theUni ted States that the Shah shoul d remi n - and gradual l y transformhi s country i nto af reer and more prosperous soci ety No one el se at present i s i n any posi ti on to do thiBy J anuary 1979 I ranwas past the state of near chaos Character assassinati on and envpl ayed a l arge part To those worki ng f or the Shah s destructi on i t shoul d have beenapparent that vi ctory by the j oi nt f orces of the f anati cal Ayatol l ah Khomi ni andcommuni st- i nci ted students would push I ran back i nto the darkness of Korani c l aw and,f romthere to communi sm l eavi ng I srael as vul nerabl e as the Persi an Gul f Cyrus Vancedid not want to provoke the Russi ans, to whomanythi ng short of sel f -abasemnt i s

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February, 1979 Page - 2-provocati on When George Bal l advi sed the Presi dent to wash hi s hands of the Shah wthout consi deri ng the consequences he was not acti ng out of i gnorance When Presi dentCarter accepted that advi ce he was acti ng as one woul d expect of a man el ected becausehe woul d be a new face i n Wshi ngton Nothi ng i n hi s past enabl ed himto see the tempehe was creati ng Many nowask Why di d U S Ambassador Wl l i amSul l i van urge theShah to turn the country over to chaos? The answer i s He was tol d to The armbegged the Shah to stay, knowng hi s departure woul d mean the arm s dismantl ement Nowwho i s goi ng to protect the oi l states, the l i ttl e i sl ands of the Persi an Gul f , andthe Ormuz Strai ts whi ch i n enem hands can strangl e the Wst? Saudi Arabi a wth her.75,000-man arm and her l abor force packed wth Pal esti ni ans? The ul tra-secret el ec-troni c devices whi ch served as Ameri ca s ears al ong the border wth Russi a are nowi ncases i n the port of Bandar Shapour Where can Ameri ca i nstal l themnext? Our meddl i nwas clumy Fi rst we i nfuri ated rel i gi ous fanati cs and communi sts by declari ng, wthouconvi cti on, that we were behi nd the Shah, then we encouraged themby tel l i ng himto goTwo years f romnow the student mobs shouti ng for thei r s - er ei gn s death wl l wsh theyhad himback Nature hates a pol i ti cal vacuum and what happens wl l be worse SUCHWAS THE CLIMATE IN I RANwhen President Carter di spatched Ai r Force General RobertHuyser, Deputy Commander-i n-Chi ef of U S Forces i n Europe, to urge I rani an ml i taryl eaders to get behi nd the Shapour Bakhti ar and cal l for the Shah s departure I nDecember M George Bal l was, by assi gnment f romPresi dent Carter, made a special ad-vi ser on I rani an af fai rs and sent to Teheran to urge the Shah to l eave M Bal l ,member of the Counci l on Forei gn Rel ati ons, a Bi l derberger, a l eader i n the anti -vi ctormovement i n Vi etnam and one of the archi tects of our di sastrous pol i cy i n Katanga, i sforemost among the pl anners who have worked to i nternati onal i ze Ameri can trade andcommerce as a prel ude to merging our econom wth that of other nati ons, meaning EuropeCommon Market As an advi ser on I rani an af fai rs he has al l the qual i f i cati ons of Bi l l yCarter The NewYork Times reported as far back as March 26 1968, that M GeorgeBal l , former Under Secretary of State and now an I nternati onal Banker, has proposedthat the Uni ted States redi rect i ts forei gn pol i cy towards the achievement of a newworl d balance future power bal ance composed of the U S . the Sovi et Uni on, auni f i ed Europe and J apan. What i s this but the Tri l ateral Commssion Ameri ca andJ apan enj oyi ng speci al rel ati onshi p wth a uni ted Europe and the three working out tradrel ati ons wth COMECON the Sovi et tradi ng group?AUX ECOUTES, the French pol i ti cal and di pl omati c weekly, of March 31, 1966, thi rteenyears ago, poi nted out that duri ng M Bal l s former resi dence i n Pari s as an i nter-nati onal l awyer he had devel oped a cl ose f ri endshi p and col l aborati on wth Monsi eurJ ean Monnet, the father of the European Common Market, wth whose econom and newcurrency the CFR and Tri l ateral Commssion hope to merge our own, after deval uati ng theAmeri can dol l ar On November 29, 1974, the TIMES of London carri ed M Bal l s cal l forthe U S to i nclude the Soviet Uni on i n our Mddl e East negoti ati ons and gi ve detentei ts real test by permtti ng the Soviet Uni on to use i ts i nf l uence wth the Arab govern-ments on the side of moderati on When di d the Soviet Uni on ever work for moderati on?When he was sent to urge the Shah s departure, M Bal l must have known hi s mssi on wasto hel p Moscowdestroy I ran as a ml i tary power In sum to i nsure domnati on of theMddl e East by the power he urged us to take i nto our Mddl e East negoti ati ons Todi verge a bi t, l et us take a l ook at som of the known but never publ i shed (at l east i nAmri ca) facts about the uni f i cati on J ean Monnet put over i n Europe and whi ch GeneralWl l i amWl d Bi l l Donovan sol d Ameri cans through hi s AMERICAN COMMTTEE ONUNTEDEUROPE of f i ce at 537 Fi f th Avenue, NewYork C ty, f rom1949 onwardMONNET S COMMONMARKET MOVEMENT for whi ch Averel l Harrimn, Robert Murphy and J ohnMcC oy provi ded Ameri can funds, was pre-dated by a society more secret than the GrandOri ent Masonry of France I n 1922, two years af ter the foundi ng of the French Communi sParty and whi l e Monnet was Assi stant Secretary-General of the League of Nati ons, an ex-deputy named Gaston Marti n formd a conspi ratori al group cal l ed the marti ni sts composed of sel ect members of the French masonry who were sworn to secrecy, even among

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February, 1979 Page 3-fel l owmembers of thei r l odge The marti ni sts saw themel ves as an i nternati onal el i twhich woul d domnate Europe behi nd the mask of a European federal i smand i n tim formworl d government, rul ed by pl anners referred to as synarchi stes One of the most i nteresti ng aspects of the bl uepri nt of thi s conspi ratori al movement i s i ts preparatorystage, known as the i nvi si bl e revol uti on for the formati on of a newworl d order Theol d turbul ent methods were out-dated Our method of i nvi si bl e revol uti on and thetechni ques, strategi es and tacti cs of revol uti on through di spersed steps have beenel aborated to reduce as much as possi bl e the vi ol ence and ri oti ng which i s i nevi tabl ewhen the i dea reaches the masses di rectl y and i s degraded by passi on, went the marti noutl i ne I t conti nued: Revol uti on i n the street i s ei ther a spontaneous mani festatiof popular sentiment or the vi ol ence of facti ons n ei ther case i t l eads to anarchyI t i s revol uti on fromthe bottom We want nothi ng of revol uti on i n the streets, for wi ntend to make revol uti on fromthe top The memory of Kennedy s peaceful revol uti on comes to mnd, and the years when GeorgeBal l was a Kennedy advi ser, as one studi es the programfor revol uti on through propaganand the mani pul ati ng of publ i c opi ni on through a secret phase whi ch exponents of i n-vi si bl e government vi sual i zed f i f ty-seven years ago f the European one-worl derswanted no confrontati on wth i nci ted masses for themel ves, they regarded chaos el se-where as a must For vi ol ence was needed elsewhere to show those rel uctant to surrendsoverei gnty what they woul d be spared i f they woul d accept the federal i smof the pl annWel l -meani ng westerners shoul d remember, two years f romnow that Ambassador Wl l i amSul l i van, General Robert Huyser and Carter emssary George Bal l advised the Shah tol eave I ran i n the hands of the mob and urged the I rani an arm not to l i f t a hand fthe arm remai ns obedi ent to Bakhti ar, when Bakhti ar ceases to be I ran s l eader i t wlcease to be an arm Whi l e the harmwas bei ng done i t was i nexcusabl e that no one i nWashi ngton recogni zed the power of the Shi i te hi erarchy to create di scontent and chani t i nto the course desi red by Russi a Whether the hi i t s were i nf i l trated or i n thebl i nd fanati ci smsawRussi a as a hel pi ng fri end i s a moot questi on The overal l resuli s I ran s destructi on as I raq and Syri a uni te to forma si ngl e hardl i ne power threateni ng Saudi Arabi a and al l of the moderate Arab states RUSSIA HAS LONGHADHER EYES ON TABR Z the capi tal of Azerbai j an, between I ran, Russiand the Caspi an Sea Russi a occupi ed Tabri z from1941 to 1945, and tri ed to hol d i t othe pretext that the Shah s father had been pro-German Forgotten was the fact that iwas through no wsh of Stal i n that Russi a ceased to be Htl er s al l y Churchi l l saccord wth Stal i n cal l ed for Russi an wthdrawal f romI ran, and the West and enoughstrength at the time to force Stal i n to keep hi s word But before pul l i ng out theRussi ans set up a Popul ar Republ i c of Azerbai j an, whi ch I ran had to subdue by forceThi s pocket of northern I rani an communi smwl l nowbe Moscows foot i n the door Azerbai j an wl l cal l for comadel y hel p and the Russian tanks wl l come I RANCAN BE WR TTEN OFF AND TURKEY I S AT THE CROSSROADS Two ways are open to Turkey :The athei smof Ataturk, whose aimwas to make Turkey a western nati on, or the PanI sl amzati on of the ol d Ottoman Empi re Turkey al so has her Shi i te mosl em, known asA evi tes and formng about a quarter of the popul ati on The other three-quarters bel onto the Sunni branch of I sl am Both Shi i tes and Sunni s may uni te in an I sl amc renai s-sance and j oi n the Russi an- i nspi red crusade agai nst the Wst The fi rst order i ssued bI ran s new counci l under Shapour Bakhti ar was that exports of oi l to I srael as wel l asSouth Afri ca woul d cease Thi s shoul d make the pro- I srael pol i ti ci ans and edi tors whoharped on the Shah s weal th and repressi ve rul e begi n to have second thoughts I N CAMBODA As the movement agai nst the Pahl avi dynasty gained momentumi n I ran, therevol uti onari es who deposed NorodomSi hanouk and were turned i nto beasts of burden, i fthey were permtted to l i ve, were wshi ng wth al l thei r hearts that Norodom(whose nammeans the l i on-hearted i n Sanskri t) were back on hi s throne Now that Norodomhas brel eased fromhi s pal ace pri son, a fewwords on thi s agi l e pri nce and hi s enemes areorder Norodomonce tol d a fri end, As l ong as have cards I shal l maneuver I l lpl ay a l i t t l e bi t on the l eft and then a l i t t le on the ri ght When I have no more card

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February, 1979 Page - 4-I l l stop He predi cted that the U S was too far away, that a day woul d come whenAmeri ca woul d drop her fri ends i n Asi a He conf i ded to a French di pl omat, I know thai n the end Cambodi a wl l be swal l owed by China A l I can do i s pl ay for time and pretend to be a fri end of Mao The Khmer Rouge, who ki l l ed between two and three ml l i opeopl e i n Cambodi a began as a group of seven students whomFrench communists had takeni n hand At ni ght they met i n a smal l apartment on the Rue du Commerce, i n Pari s I n1952 they wote a l etter to Sihanouk, announci ng that they woul d f i ght himto the deatand destroy the monarchi cal system Seven years later, in earl y 1959, backed by CAand wth 400 pounds of Ameri can-suppl i ed gol d bars for bri bi ng the army, they almostsucceeded Sihanouk pl ayed Ameri ca against France to gai n i ndependence Then he pl ayHanoi against Saigon and the Khmer Rouge agai nst Washi ngton I n 1966 he tol d ChesterBowes he woul d not obj ect to the U S engagi ng i n hot pursui t i n unpopul ated areasCambodi a. I n hi s book Promses to Keep M Bowes expl ai ned that the ml i tary werepressi ng for an i nvasi on of Cambodi a, wth Norodoms approval and cooperati on, but keypeopl e i n the State Department di d not want Cambodi a saved, so M Bowes mssi on wasto thwart the Pentagon and thi s he succeeded i n doi ng for two years Even when thei nvasi on occurred the Ameri can peopl e were never tol d of Norodoms ori gi nal approval ,whi l e J ames Reston s torrent of i nvecti ves hi t our sol di ers and our government fortryi ng to save the l i ves of Ameri can sol di ers When a coup d etat deposed himon March 17, 1970, NorodomSi hanouk j oi ned the Red Khmewho had been f i ghti ng him thi nki ng he coul d ri de the wave and save hi s throne He anthe Khmer Rouge detested each other, but Peki ng supported Si hanouk, and though theycursed himbetween thei r teeth the red l eaders had to pretend to accept him Sihanoukhi gh poi nt of courage came when the Lon Nol government began to fal l He was braveenough to try to get to PhnomPenh before the Red Khmers I t was a desperate race Ihe coul d beat the men i n bl ack paj amas hi s presti ge wth the masses was sti l l greatenough that he coul d be i n power when they arri ved, abl e to demand recogni ti on as thel egi timate rul er of the country Hs parti sans j oi ned i n the attempt to outpace themen fromthe forest and i nstal l themel ves i n the l ion s den The Khmer Rouge saw thaSi hanouk was tryi ng to rob themof thei r vi ctory Fi ve days ahead of schedul e theyentered PhnomPenh on Apri l 17 1975, and sent automobi l es wth l oud speakers throughthe streets, cal l i ng on Si hanouk s supporters to put on thei r best clothes and go to tai rport to wel come him I t was a trap set for the country s el i te Those who went tothe ai rport were massacred The i nhabi tants of PhnomPenh, suspected of l oyal ty tothei r former ki ng, were ki l l ed on the spot or herded i nto the country to di e,ki l l edoutri ght or worked to death i n the f i el ds Pol Pot, the l eader i n hi di ng si nce theCambodi an i nvasi on i s bel i eved to be a Chinese who assumed a V etnamese name, and theMni ster of Forei gnAff ai rs, I eng Sary, whomthe Thai s hel ped f l ee to Peking, i sthought to be a renegade V etnamese Cambodi ans cl aimboth are under the i nf l uence ofthei r wves, two merci l ess si sters known as Khi eu Ponnary and I eng Thi ri th I eng Sarywas convinced that i f a ml l i on Cambodi ans were l eft al i ve that woul d be enough tostart the newpopul ati on he had i nmndTHEY WOULD HAVE KI LLED SI HANOUK but they di d not dare ri sk cutti ng themelves off f rothei r onl y support, Peki ng One by one hi s rel ati ves were extermnated A tel egramsi gned Si hanouk was sent to hi s two el dest sons, cal l i ng themback to the country tocel ebrate the anni versary of i ndependence They have never been seen si nce Hs twodaughters and thei r husbands were sent to the ri ce f i el ds, and never heard of agai nWhen Hanoi sent thi rteen di vi si ons i nto Cambodi a, towards ful f i l l i ng Ho chi Mnh stestament whi ch cal l s for maki ng Laos, Cambodi a, Thai l and and Mal aysi a part of a Hanoirul ed red empire, Norodomwas haul ed out of hi s pl ace of house arrest and sent to Pekiand NewYork to pl ead the case of the men who wped out hi s faml y and hi s supporters Pl ayi ng hi s l ast card, Norodomtook up the chal l enge I f he can get the V etnamese ouafter they have destroyed the men i n bl ack paj amas he thi nks there i s a sporti ng chancthat he can return Very fewbel i eve that he has a chance, but Sihanouk has wal ked ati ghtrope so l ong, wth himanythi ng may happen I f he thi nks he has a card l eft i n hSihanouk i s capabl e of sti cki ng hi s head back i nto the l i on s den

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February, 1979 ie 5He had hi s chance to put hi s case before Ameri cans i n November 1969, when I asked himto permt me to bri ng Governor George Wl l ace to PhnomPenh on our Asi an tour Norodowas wooing Ameri ca at the time, and he repl i ed that he woul d be happy to recei veGovernor Wl l ace i f Presi dent Nxon would gi ve hi s accord There was no repl y to therequest for Nxon s approval , and the off i ci al i n the Ameri can embassy i n Bangkok wasarrogant when asked for ai dPart of the tragedy of thi s l atest act i n Hanoi s pl an of conquest i s that one of themen who foresaw i t General Paul Vanuxem never l i ved to see hi s predi cti ons come trueOn Sunday, J anuary 7 at the very moment when Hanoi forces were enteri ng PhnomPenh,General Paul Vanuxem who fought to the l ast for non-communi st I ndo-Chi na, was dying ithe Val du Grace Hospi tal i n Pari s GENERAL VANUXEMwas a f i ghter who worked to the very l ast for Ameri can vi ctory He knthat Ameri ca coul d wn and refused to bel i eve that she would l et South Vi etnamgo undeVanuxemwas i n Sai gon when the ci ty fel l , and Hanoi off i ci al s promptl y expel l ed himThey had never forgi ven the men who, wth a smal l handful of troops, 80 of themmontagnards whomhe had trai ned himel f, defeated 20,000 crack sol di ers of the Hanoiarmy supported by four battal i ons of mobi l e arti l l ery, i n the ei ght-day battl e of Vi nhYen whi ch commenced on J anuary 13 1951 Vanuxemwas born on J ul y 22 1904 and after graduati ng fromthe French Ml i tary Academhe became an off i cer i n the reserve and a professor of phi l osophy Worl d Wr I I cal l ehimback to the army and he charged at the head of hi s men to dri ve the Germans fromtI tal i an town of Lenol a When not fi ghti ng, Vanuxemwas a professor i n battl e he wasmerci l ess a general who had no fear of Gap s human ants Hs Muong assaul t forcesfought l i ke the Vi etmnh, breaking i nto smal l groups as mobi l e as the Vi ets themel vesthen reformng two hours l ater at a predetermned poi nt f i f teen mles away to hi t theel i te 316th Dvi si on whi ch he defeated twce, or the feared 308th which he drove backto Vi nh YenThe moral e of Mobi l e Group No 3 was at i ts l owest poi nt when he took over on J anuary 1951 Vanuxemsaw that a net was cl osi ng around himand cal l ed for rei nforcements De Lattre de Tassi gny, the newcommander i n I ndo-Chi na, sai d the attack was goi ng tocome el sewhere, and accused Vanuxemof bei ng taken i n The Vi etmnh were everywhere,even penetrati ng Vanuxems autopark wthout destroyi ng a car, as though they expectedto sei ze the l ot and wanted i t undamaged Vanuxemrecogni zed al l the warni ng si gns of an impendi ng offensi ve but no one woul dl i sten to him and when i t came i t came wth vi ol ence over a 70-ml e front Strongpoi nt after strong poi nt fel l , but Vanuxemhel d out The war surpl us Bri ti sh arti l l erde Lattre grudgi ngl y sent himhad arri ved, but not the shel l s, and wth the front breai ng around himVanuxemfel l back on Vi nh Yen to take the brunt Wve after wave of Vi etmnh wped out two-thi rds of hi s forces as the remnants of l oyaMuongs made thei r way i n smal l groups to the ci tadel northwest of Hanoi There thedebri s of the thi rd Mobi l e Group was surrounded, cut off Survi vors descri bed Vi nh Yeas a hol l ow shel l , more of a morgue or a makeshi ft hospi tal than a fort Sti l l Vanuxkept on f i ghti ng Al l that stood between Gap s massed di vi si ons and Hanoi wereVanuxems weary straggl ers Not by so much as a change of expressi on di d de Lattre gi ve a hi nt that the brutal on-sl aught had caught himby surpri sewhen i t came i n the one pl ace where no preparati onshad beenmade i n spi te of al l Vanuxems pl eas forty-ei ght hour ai rl i ft began Men, arm, muni ti ons and shel l s for the out-datedBri ti sh arti l l ery were parachuted For the fi rst time Vo nguyen Gap was ri ski ng hi senti re army i n an open battl e, and the story of Vanuxems vi ctory agai nst overwhelmng

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February, 1979 Page -6-odds i s one of the most gl ori ous epi sodes of the French war i n I ndo-Chi na An excel laccount of i t and the conduct of the Muongs whomVanuxemregarded as hi s chi l dren i sfound i n Lucien Bodard' s 813-pagebookL' AVENTURE - de Lattre et l es V ets . Pi erreDarcourt tel l s the story of the same battl e i n DE LATTRE AUV ETNAM Une Annee desV ctoi res, whi ch wl l come as a surpri se to readers who for 20 years were tol d thateverythi ng the French di d was wong but that we were f i ghti ng to wnBy the time the war i n A geri a started Vanuxemwas then a general of di vi si on, holder27 ci tati ons i ncl udi ng Grand Of i cer of the Legi on of Honor, the Croi x de Guerre andthe Cross of Ml i tary Val or He was impri soned by de Gaul l e, and charged wth bei ngthe commander of the Secret Army Organi zati on i n France, under the code name VerdunVanuxemof fered as proof of hi s i nnocence the cl aimthat i f he had been Verdun theof f i cers i n revol t would have won On September 8 1963, after two years i n pri son,he wal ked out, a f ree manThen began hi s career as a wi ter, f i ghti ng for Ameri can vi ctory i n V etnam One ofhi s books was L' Espoi r i Saigon - Hope i n Saigon To the very end he refused tobel i eve that Ameri ca woul d not wn, for he knewAmeri ca coul d wn and that we weredel i beratel y f i ghti ng a no-wn war was unimagi nabl e to the vi ctor of V nh Yen, whonever read the wi ti ngs of J ames Reston and C L Sul zberger Hs wfe, the red cross nurse who parachuted i nto the j ungl e i n I ndo-Chi na, speaksexcel l ent Engl i sh, and would be an i nspi rati on to Ameri can patri ots, as a sad 1979starts wth a crumbl i ng of the West on al l i ts f ri nges, and onl y a promse of moredi sasters to come I t i s not going too far to say that 1979 may decide the fate of Ameri ca and the West,as l eaders sel ected on the basi s of whether or not they had ever been to Washingtonsi gn thei r names to vi tal deci si ons

To our subscri bers Thi s report i s repri nted i n Bri tai n and transl ated i ntoFrench, Norwegi an and Dani sh Address domesti c busi ness to H du B Reports,P 0 Box 786, St George, Utah 84770 H l ai re du Berri er' s Ameri can address i s3583 Cochi se Dri ve, N.W Atl anta, Georgi a 30339 Hs forei gn of f i ce i s 20Boul evard Pri ncesse Charl otte, Monte Carl o, Pri nci pal i ty of Monaco Subscri pti on rate 15 per year Extra copi es 3 0 t each

H l ai re du Berri er, CorrespondentLeda P Rutherford, Managi ng Edi tor

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H NGNGMDDLEE ST

The London DAI LY TELEGRAPH ofFebruary 13 1979, put i t si mpl yand honestl y Presi dent Carter,whose l ukewarmsupport and sancti -moni us preachi ngs on human ri ghtswere l argel y responsi bl e for theShah s l oss of control , has nowbeequi ck to of fer to work wth theAyatol l ah for a stabl e and i nde-pendent I ran He mght havewai ted unti l the ki l l i ng had stoppeand ful l control establ i shed.Bri ti sh apprai sal of the Carter rolwas certai nl y correct and Carter shaste i n of feri ng to work wth theman teari ng I ran asunder was i n contradi cti on to al l the norm of common decency, butl et us be real i sti c Howdoes one work wth a man hosti l e to al l western i nterests,a proven troubl e-maker moti vated by hate, an enemy of stabi l i ty and moderati on? Andwhat sensi bl e head of State wai ts for the ki l l i ng to stop and ful l control to be estab-l i shed when any l eader, unl ess he was i gnorant or bei ng programmed by conspi rators,shoul d have known that the rel i gi ous fanati c f ronti ng for hard-core revol uti onari es wasnever goi ng to establ i sh ful l control ? Control i n I ran wll eventual l y pass to the mobLeoni d Brezhnev armed after the Ayatol l ah sent an emssary to meet himi n Sophi a onJ anuary 16 to beg for Sovi et ai d i n f ormng a peopl e s ml i t ia

BREZHNEV S ACCORDWTH THE AYATOLLAHwas not for the purpose of putti ng a l eader of oneof the narrowest sects on earth i n pol i ti cal power ; i t was to hel p himdestroy thepower i n pl ace Moscowwas onl y too happy to provi de a gun for every I rani an wl l i ng tcause di srupti on and to conti nue doi ng so unti l the l eaders whomred agents had beentrai ni ng for years are in ful l control By then the Ayatol l ah wl l have served hi spurpose There was an ai r of j ubi l ati on i n Moscows Li teratournaya Gazeta of J anuary 31 as theKremi n announced that negoti ati ons wth Saudi Arabi a were i n the works A f ri ghtenedMddl e East watched wth di sbel i ef as Brezhnev warned Presi dent Carter agai nst i nter-veni ng i n I ran and at the same time beamed I rani an-l anguage broadcasts around the clocki nci ti ng I rani ans more agai nst Ameri ca than the Shah There were no compl ai nts agai nst Ameri can i nterventi on when pressure f romthe Whi teHouse forced the di smssal of General Nematol l ah Nassi ri , the head of I ran s securi tyservi ce known as SAVAK When the Shah tri ed to expl ai n the character of the hi ghl y-structuri zed and merci l ess red conspi racy hewas up agai nst, Washi ngton and the

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March, 1979 Page - 2-American press sneeredat himas a di ctator tryi ng to excuse hmel f After i t was tool ate i t should have been apparent that SAVAKhad not been effi ci ent enough The LondonDai l y Telegraph of February 17 sti l l referred to i t as the brutal secret pol i ce whendescribing the February 15 executi ons of General Nassi ri and three other general s undercondi ti ons which SAVAK treatment never equaledAn important I ranian reachng France brought another damning i ndi ctment, more importantthan even theDALY TELEGRAPHs l i sti ng of Presi dent Carter s sanctimonious preachi ngson human ri ghts as a cause of I ran s col l apseIN EARLY 1976 ASOCAL UPHEAVAL WAS TAKNGPLACE To please westerners spouti ng aboutdemocracy the bi g estates whchmade I ran sel f-supporting i n agri cul tural products hadbeen broken up I gnorant workers unable to work the l and on thei r own dri fted to theci ty, l ooking for prosperi ty in themoderni zation programthen i n ful l swng Wth thefal l in food production pri ces soared and a newimpoveri shed population found i tsel f i nthe shantytowns of ci ti es i nhabi tedby the ri ch At that time a scandal cal led Lockheebroke i n America and a group of pol i ti ci ans headed by Senator Frank Church sei zed theopportuni ty to make themel ves l ook honest by playing theword corruption for al l i tspol i ti cal worth An ai de to Senator Church sneered that h s boss s i nvesti gationwould bring down more governments i n a fewhours than Leninhad i n a l i fetime, accordi ng to KatherineGrahams NEWSWEEK of February 23, 1976 He was right Ameri can f irm had pai d commssions to government offi cial s i n nations and against ri vawhere busi ness i s done in no other way The f i rst resul t of the hypocri ti cal Churchcampaignwas to cost America ml l i ons of dol lars i n orders which i n turn af fected thetrade balance and the dol lar Ameri can f irm were pushed to thewal l and forei gnoffi ci al s favorable to Americawere replaced by menwho would sti l l regard percentageson contracts as perqui sites instead of graft but would take themf romAmerica s competi tors The scramble for favorable publ i ci ty may have helped Senator Church i n I daho but i n I rai t started the tri ckle of i ncitement that became a fl ood Northrop A rcraft was pi c-tured as the evi l f irmbehnd a consorti umof I tal i ans, Germans and Japanese pouringmoney i nto the pockets of the haves and turni ng the have-nots against both America andthe throne To the Shah s enemes and Russi a s fri ends i t was a propaganda gold mneTHENCAME PRESIDENT CARTER Achain of changes so abrupt and so rapid i n thei r suc-cession as to shake al l authori ty was forced upon the Shah Huml iations were pi ledupon him He was forced to desert old and trusted servants when they were under attackand to appoint newand untrusted ones in thei r placeWhen the si tuati onwas deemed ri pe, U S Ambassador Wl l i amSul l i van - theman reputedto have toppled the pro-American government of General Phoum Nosavan i n Laos - wassent to urge the Shah to get out I n December M George Bal l, an i nstant authori tyon I ran, was sent as a fol l owup wth the same message I t was not advice i t was anorder not to use force to stay i n power The Shah having been given hi s orders, Arforce General Robert Huyser, deputy commanderof U S forces i n Europe, was sent to pressure I ran s general s i nto giving i n wthouta fi ght Troops that would have di ed for an occupi ed throne were not ready to di e fora vacant one and the l ower echelons began swnging towards the reds, eager to escapethe score settl i ng that was i nevi tabl e as soon as i t became apparent that thei r offi cerwere going to permt themel ves to be sl aughtered l i ke sheep On February 17 GeneralHuyser faced the f i rst photos of themurdered leaders whosehands he had ti ed and readthe descri ptions of thei r muti l ati ons THOSE WHOWOULDBE EXPECTED TOGET IN ON I RANS MURDERwere acti ve in Ameri ca SeymourM Hersh proved h s worthwhen he mustered enough press support to force theU Arm

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March, 1979 e - 3-to throwa patrol l eader to the wolves for savi ng hi s uni t i n sni per-i nfected My Lai Under a NewYork Times datel i ne of J anuary 7 1979, Hersh attacked the Shah over SAVAKand got i n a punch agai nst the CIA by chargi ng that CIA knewSAVAKwas usi ng torturemethods Out for al l the ml eage he coul d get, Hersh worked i n hi s other enemes bychargi ng that the methods were German Whi l e Hersh was gi vi ng the reds more ammuni ti oni n Teheran wth hi s story on CA s hol di ng torture semnars i n I ran, I rani an mobs wereshouti ng Your Ameri can cannons and tanks do not f ri ghten us The Shah i s a dog onan Ameri can l eash Death to J immy CarterThe Paki stan ambassador observed at a Wshi ngton di nner I fear that 1978 wl l beseen as the crucial year when the balance of power swayed against the Wst . He hadreason to be worri ed Paki stan, wth i ts superb Chi nese-bui l t highway snaki ng i ts wayover mountai n passes fromthe Chinese and Russi an borders to Paki stan ports on theArabi an Sea, i s Russi a' s next obj ecti ve UNCONTROLLED GROUPS IN IRAN STARTEDEXECUTI NGTHEIR ENEMES I t was time to startthi nki ng about the some 35,000 Ameri cans sti l l i n the country Presi dent Carter orderethe U S ai rcraft carri er, Constel l ati on, to l eave i ts base i n Subi c Bay, i n thePhi l i ppi nes and head for the Persi an Gul f , escorted by three destroyers, two of themarmed wth nuclear mssi l es PRAVDA repl i ed wth an edi tori al stati ng Those whosti l l bel i eve i n gunboat di pl omacy have turned to provocati ve methods agai nst the SovieUni on.Out of the Oval Roomi nWshi ngton went a counter-order hal ti ng the Constel l ati on i nwaters l i nki ng the China Sea to the I ndi an Ocean An order si gned by a former navyman, at the f rown of the greatest practi cer of gunboat di pl omacy on earth Thi s i s thestory of Ameri ca as the f ree worl d' s defender fewdays after the Constel l ati on was hal ted, M Cyrus Vance, who i n 1964 saved Hanoisuppl y l i ne by stoppi ng U S gunboat patrol s i n the Gul f of Tonkin, announced TheShah has deci ded to l eave I ran and we bel i eve thi s i s a wse decisi on. Vance' s state-ment l ed the I rani an ambassador to Wshi ngton to resign i n di sgust wth the words Iami ndi gnant over the absurd atti tude of Carter .

Events fol l owed thei r immutabl e course and on J anuary 16 1979, Shah Mohammed RezaPahl avi l ef t Teheran after 37 years on the throne An army hel i copter carr i ed himtothe ai rport where he passed the Imperi al Guard i n revi ew for the l ast time Two off i cerfel l to thei r knees, i mpl ori ng himnot to go No member of the cl ergy was there to bl esthe soverei gn before hi s departure, so a l ayman went through the tradi ti onal gesture ofhol di ng the Koran above the head of the Shah and the Shahbanou as they wal ked to thei rpl ane Awld cry went up f romthe mob as word passed through Teheran that the manrel i gi ous l eaders and thei r communi st al l i es had vowed to destroy was gone Theenemy of the peopl e has f l ed He has gone to j oi n hi s i nf i del fri end, Carter NowKhomei ni can return A l ah 0 Akbar (A l ah i s great)There must have been greater l oyal ty to Moscow than to Tel Aviv, much l ess Wshi ngton,i n the hearts of Seymour Hersh and the edi tors who publ i shed hi s ungrateful dri velagainst the Shah, for one of the fi rst statements the returni ng Ayatol l ah made was Arabs must real i ze the danger represented by Z oni smand support the Pal esti ne revol u-ti onwhi ch has opted for an armed struggl e As of now I ran considers hersel f at warwth I srael . Forgetti ng who had cleared the way for him the Ayatol l ah added I t i snot for President Carter to say whether a government i s l egal or not .THE REAL VICTORWAS SOVIET RUSSIA Under the i nnocuous t i t le of Head of the Inter-nati onal Department of the Central Commttee of the Soviet Communi st Party M Bori sPonomarev was themanwho brought i t about, themaster of subversi on through communi stparti es around theworl d Fromhimcome themarchi ng orders wherever communi st pl otsare i n preparati on

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March, 1979 Page 4-As soon as the Shah reached Assouan the I rani an Communi st Party (Tudeh) began sendi ngdi recti ves fromi ts headquarters i n East Germany Sol di ers were i nstructed to set upcl andesti ne cel l s i n the armed forces, preparatory to arresti ng thei r offi cers, andworkers were tol d to take over the oi l i nstal l ati ons The fi rst bi g cl ash between theShi as and thei r communi st al l i es came on J anuary 21 when some ten thousand students wenon a rampage shouti ng We di d not throwoff the di ctatorshi p of the Shah to fal l undea di ctatorshi p cal l ed I slamcA fewdays l ater Presi dent Carter showed hi s i gnorance of what had happened by express-i ng the hope that I ranwl l remain a fri end of the Uni ted States and free fromdomna-ti on by the Sovi et Uni on or any other forei gn power As news of succeedi ng events reached him i n hi s pal ace i n Ryadh, Pri nce Fahd, the hei rto the throne of Saudi Arabi a, murmured I f I ran fal l s, Al l ah hel p us I ran hadal ready fal l en Nowwhat the Arab nati ons have to face i s the fact that Russi a has anArab pol i cy i n whi ch every possibl e al ternati ve i s foreseen i n advanceRUSSIA' S ARAB POLI CY HAS TODATE MET TEMPORARY SETBACKS as when Sadat threw themoutof Egypt, but the trend has been ahead, slowy, rel entl essl y and wth no chal l enge fromthe West Each move by Li bya' s Qaddafi has been part of a master pl an, even to Qaddafirecent acqui si ti on of an Atombomb through the ai d of Paki stan' s physi ci sts One after another the Arab l eaders have seen thei r non-communi st ramparts f l l Ethi opiAfghani stan and I ran, wthout a reacti on fromthe West Now the time for a reconsi dera-ti on of al l i ances has come I RAQ S RULED BY 64-YEAR-OLDGENERAL HASSANAL-BAKR who dropped hi s hi i te fai th foraccommodati on wth the maj ori ty of hi s ci ti zens The revol uti on in I ran has put himagai nst the wal l I n the north he has a majori ty of Sunni te Kurds, i n the south a Shi acommuni ty among which the Ayatol l ah Khomei ni l i ved for fourteen years i n exi l e TheKurds were f i ghti ng for i ndependence unti l 1975 when the Shah ceased t o support themfor the sake of peace wth Iraq Now the revol uti on i n I ran has proved contagi ous andI raq' s Shi i tes, Bahai fol l owers and Free Masons are rememberi ng the harsh treatmentthey recei ved at the time of al -Bakr' s coup d' etat i n 1968 Bakr was not easy on I raq' scommuni sts ei ther He forci bl y moved the Kurds fromthe areas where I raq' s 110 ml l i ontons of crude oi l are produced annual l y and al l but some 300 of I raq' s 130,000 J ewsl eft the country as I raq moved i nto the camp of the hard- l i ners against I srael ThePal esti ni ans became hi s proteges In 1972 Bakr stri pped the forei gn oi l compani es of thei r hol di ngs and si gned a treatyof cooperati on and fri endshi p wth Russi a I n earl y 1978 the honeymoon ended when Bakrdi scovered that the Sovi et embassy had bugged hi s own pal ace and was underwi ti ng aconspi racy i n the army, to take I raq the way of Afghani stan There was not a peep outof Moscowwhen he executed thi rty hi gh offi cers and began weedi ng out the pro-Russi ans Both he and Moscowwere i n a spot : Moscow i s due to suffer an oi l shortage duri ng the80s and the men i n the Kremin dare not al armthe l eaders of the oi l states they aregoi ng to have to court or take over Bakr, on the other hand, real i zes that the warmateri el Russi a has sol d himi s not comparabl e to what he can buy i n the West, but aa break wth Moscowwl l cut himoff fromspare parts for the armament he al ready hasand time i s too short to permt himto change suppl i ers I n the j ol t that came as I ranbegan to fal l , Bakr turned to hi s mortal enemy, Syri a, and hel d out the ol i ve branch SYRI A S RULED BY GENERAL HAFEZ EL-ASSAD ANALOUTE SHA The common meeti ng groundbetween I raq and Syri a i s hatred of I srael and the fact that both countri es are undera singl e party, the Ba' ath Ba' ath i n Arabi c means renai ssance, resurrecti on, or evenmssi on I t i s a mxture of pan-Arabi smand I sl amc soci al i sm dedi cated to the forma-ti on of a si ngl e Arab nati on fromMorocco to the Euphrates, I sl amwel ded i nto an Empi reBakr dream of maki ng Bagdad the capi tal , as i n the days of Haroun el -Raschi d For

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March, 1979 Page -5-ten years he and Syri a s el -Assad, the Lion, have hated each other, but on J anuary 2as f i ghti ng grewworse i n the streets of Teheran, the two men met i n Damascus to di s-cuss a merger I raq s secret servi ce wl l no l onger send Pal esti ni ans to murder Syri ans and Syri a haspromsed to qui t sti rri ng up troubl e i n Mesopotama The time has come to uni te againthe commn danger the revol uti on epi demc ragi ng i n I ran Syri a and I raq have thesame i nternal danger Sunni tes hate the Shi as, Druzes and Kurds I n Syri a tough l abol eaders trai ned by Nasser f i ght the Ba ath for control of Syri a s uni ons Thepresent attempt to forma sol i d f ront is the seventh the Arabs have tr i ed si nce 195but thi s one i s born of desperati on as they watch Sovi et Russi a enci rcl e Saudi Arabi athrough South Yemen, I raq, Syri a, red Ethi opi a and Afghani stan on the wave of Ayatol l aKhomeini s I sl amc l eft i smI n the new uni on ml i tary forces wl l be pool ed I raq and Syri a together can l i ne uptwenty wel l -equi pped di vi sions fi tted wth modern arm and backed by 4,500 tanks andsome 900 pl anes The catch i s, the materi el i s Russi an and they dare not ri sk the l ondel ay a change-over to western equi pment woul d i ncur Consequentl y, M SaddamHussei n, number two of the I raqi government, f l ew to Moscow tsee Brezhnev i n December 1978 Brezhnev tol d him I f you wl l forma commn frontwth Syri a I l l gi ve you al l the arm you need I n J anuary 1979 Brezhnev made thesame promse to General Chehabi , the Syri an chi ef-of-staff, addi ng Coordi nate yourpurchases wth I raq and you can have Mg 25s and Scud mssi l es Thus I raq and Syri a, uni ted or al one, are at Moscows mercy and I raq s attempt toexpand i n the Persi an Gulf by revi vi ng the revol t against the Sul tan of Omn, whi chthe Shah hel ped suppress, may i n the end gi ve Moscowcontrol of Arabi a s sea l ane toEurope and J apanBeyond Saudi Arabi a, at the southwestern ti p of the peni nsul a whi ch Arabs cal lDezi rat-el -Arab, the i sland of the Arabs, are the muntainous countri es of North andSouth YemenNORTH YEMEN I S KNOWNAS THE YEMEN ARAB REPUBLI C, ORYAR Rul ed by Al i Abdal l ah Sal ehi t i s anti -communi st but weak Thi s i s the onl y buffer between the oi l wel l s of SaudiArabi a and communi st South Yemen, known as the Peopl e s Demcrati c Republ i c of Yemen(PDRY) North Yemen i s an oi l state wthout oi l I t has no natural resources and exi sts onmoney poured i nto i t by Saudi Arabi a, Kuwai t and the other gul f states and the re-mttances sent home by i ts ml l i on and a hal f ci ti zens who work i n Saudi Arabi a Al i Abdal l ah Sal eh i s one of the worst i nsurance ri sks i n the worl d He came i ntopower when a bomb i n a bri ef case fromSouth Yemen ki l l ed hi s predecessor i n J une 1978Li bya s Qaddafi , who i s expected to test hi s f i rst A-bomb i n Apri l , f i nanced an attempto ki l l Sal eh i n October 1978I n J anuary 1969 Sal eh defeated a South Yemen i nvasi on i n whi ch Cuban and East German-trai ned forces poi soned wel l s, mned roads and destroyed homes between Tai z and theSouth Yemen border One of the reasons he i s popular wth the arm and hi s peopl e i sbecause he i nspi res confi dence Though he i s next i n l i ne i n Moscows rel entl essmarch towards oi l -ri ch Saudi Arabi a, he di d not hesi tate a mnute The South Yemensol di ers he captured i n uni forml ast October were summri l y executed by fi ri ng squads,those out of uni formwere hanged, after fi rst havi ng thei r tongues cut out accordi ngto l ocal custom

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March, 1979 Page -6-The weak l i nk i n North Yemen' s government as i t faces the Russi ans, Cubans and EastGermans who have made Aden, the capi tal of South Yemen, thei r base for a dri ve f romEthi opi a to Paki stan, i s Forei gn Mni ster Abdul l ah el -Asnag Asnag i s the formerl abor uni on boss through whomAmeri ca' s rovi ng troubl e-maker, I rvi ng Brown, organi zedthe stri kes whi ch made Bri tai n throwup her hands and pul l out of the bases f romwhi chshe protected the Arabworl d Asnag i s a neutral i st, tryi ng to be f ri endl y wth RussiChina, Saudi Arabi a and the West unti l i t becomes apparent who i s goi ng to wn Asnagmay be the man to open the gates of North Yemen to the Russi ans Such power as he hasAmeri can l abor' s rovi ng ambassador gave himSOUTH YEMEN I S RULEDBY ABD AL-FATTAH I SMAI L a Russi an puppet who bears the ti tl es ofpower whi l e Russians run hi s army Two thousand Cubans trai n and command hi s Peopl e' sml i t ia and East Germans operate hi s i ntel l i gence and securi ty servi ces Compared toI smai l ' s East German-trai ned secret pol i ce, SAVAK was made up of choi r boys Aden, thcapi tal of South Yemen, has been equipped wth Russi an f l oati ng docks, oi l reservoi rsfor refuel i ng pl anes and an arm depot for a maj or war South Yemen i s the southernpi ncer i n a movement cl osi ng i n on the vul nerabl e oi l emrates, now that Afghani stanand I ran are no l onger obstacl es i n the northI n any possibl e l i ne-up for regi onal defense, Kuwai t i n the north would be a l i abi l i tywth 250,000 Pal esti ni ans among her popul ati on Al l of these countri es are l eani ng ona weak reed an Ameri ca l ed by J immy Carter and hamtrung by students, professors andedi tors who showed themel ves strong enough to di ctate pol i cy duri ng our war i n Vi etnaSAUD ARABIA' S 35,000-MAN ARMY i s Ki ng Khal ed' s sol e defense force Senator FrankChurch, whose charges of corrupti on i n I ran, for the sake of headl i nes, hel ped undermthe Shah, has done everythi ng possi bl e to keep Saudi Arabi a f romacqui ri ng arm SaudArabi a cl aim a popul ati on of 8. 9 ml l i on peopl e, which i s probabl y an exaggerati onWhat i s certai n i s that the maj ori ty of forei gn workers are Pal esti ni ans, I ndi ans,Paki stani s, Yemeni tes, Egypti ans and workers f romOman and the Gul f I n the event ofRussi an-Cuban backed i nvasi on they would be expected to show the patr i oti smof J aneFonda or SamBrown Libya i s reported to have f i nanced ten attempted coups i n SaudiArabi a i n 1978 I f the Arab oi l states were f ragi l e before the fal l of the Shah, todathey are perched on a precari ous bri nk MR ROBERT MOSS, ONE OF THE MOST BRI LLIANT AND RELIABLE ANALYSTS wi ti ng i n the Engl i sl anguage, reported i n the London Dai l y Tel egraph of February 19 that al l through 1978the Carter Admni strati on was proddi ng the Shah towards hi s downfal l , -urgi nghimtoattempt coal i ti ons of i rreconci l abl es and to ' feed the al l i gators' by maki ng concessi othat coul d onl y be i nterpreted by hi s enemes as a devastati ng admssi on of weakness Therewere many moments when the revol uti onary process coul d have been hal ted by ashrewd combi nati on of pol i ti cal acti on (l i ke buying support i n the bazaar) and toughml i tary repressi on, and the Shah' s general s knew i t But everytime they wanted tomove, the Ameri cans were there again, tuggi ng at thei r sl eeves, and deepeni ng the Shahi ndecision Thi s i s cal l ed the destabi l i zing effect of Carter' s human ri ghts pol i cy,when crudel y appl i ed to f ri endl y regimes Now the generals whose arm were ti ed arebei ng tortured and ki l l edEven up unti l J anuary 1979 Wshi ngton appeared to thi nk that everythi ng was goi ng f i neThe Dai l y Tel egraph of J anuary 3 1979, headed i ts maj or story on the I rani an revol utiCarter has secret pl ans for Persi a I n the l i ght of what has happened i t would bei nteresti ng to knowwhat they were

recs s o Ggb nS a dTugs ; s pahAS r 1 ~spdArI I f i cn ushness r9dHtraus~at e l r 58 ' Cor i pei o c evs f i ari ot a 9 i o ~ i t Gee a ~j o nc ukka i tyo i ce i a 66s i s

ou eva tra copi es 30~ eachaubscri pti on rate 15 er yearH l ai re du Berri er, Corespondent Leda P Rutherford, Managi ng Edi tor

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uBREPORTSVOLUME XXI I - LETTER 1 APRL,

Themaki ngof a Pr esi dentA FOREGNAFFAI RS LETTER

How di d we get saddl ed wth the l i ke of J i mmy Carter? a perpl exed Peregri ne Worsthorneasked i n London s SUNDAY TELEGRAPH of March 11 1979, as our Presi dent stopped at nothi nto get Egypt s Sadat and I srael s Begi n to si gn a peace treaty the Presi dent dared notgo home wthout, yet to whi ch nei ther coul d put hi s si gnature wthout maki ng an eventualwar over J erusal ema certai nty By usi ng the fi rst person, pl ural , the Engl i sh M Worsthorne was wi ti ng as a hel pl ess passenger aboard the shi p, wth no conf i dence i nthe men on the bri dge, f romcaptai n downward That the i nexperi enced captai n was sel ected by pol i t i cal ventri l oqui sts who fed paperi nto a computer for two years before the 1976 el ecti ons to determne what woul d pl easeal l col ors, cl asses, creeds, workers and ethni c groups di d not make for reassurance Consequentl y, M Worsthorne, one of the most bri l l i ant pol i t i cal wi ters i n the Engl i shl anguage, went on to ask Wat possibl e sense can i t make to have a f i gure so l i t t l eacquai nted wth the exerci se of power i n charge of Wstern desti ni es, a f i gure chosenpreci sel y because he l acked authori ty, coul d f ri ghten nobody f ri end or foe and hadno previ ous connecti on wth power pol i t i cs?Had M Worsthorne been i n V ni ng, Georgi a, on the eveni ng of J ul y 31 1978, he mghthave begun to understand Standi ng on the porch of an ol d home, the Carter machi ne scongressi onal candi date, a rug-manufacturer named Smth Foster, del i vered a three-mnute speech, wth the obsceni ti es to whi ch hi s vocabul ary was normal l y l i mted care-ful l y del eted He asked the voters of Georgia s 7th di stri ct to vote for himbecausehe had never been away fromthere But pl ai nl y he shoul d be sent to Washi ngton becaushe was i gnorant And the two most powerf ul papers i n the important ci ty of Atl anta en-dorsed him M Worsthorne must understand that the worl d was on the eve of a cri si sand those who bl ewWtergate up i nto the scandal i t became were determned to stacki nexperi enced men who woul d beof i ntel l i gence and i ntegri tysaddl ed wth the l i ke ofAmeri ca s el ect i ve off i ces, f romPresi dent downward, wthobedi ent to themand to dri ve f romoff i ce every i ncumbentS nce M Worsthorne was seri ous when he asked howwe gotJ i mmy Carter, l et us try to gi ve hima seri ous answer THE KEY MAN IN THE MANEUVERWASMR AVERELL HARRMAN Li tt l e was known of the constantlgri nni ng man f romPl ai ns, Georgia, save that he had been an Annapol i s graduate, a peanutfarmer and a former state governor But those programmng himhad remarkabl e foresi ghtI n 1972 M Carter worked to get an anti -whi te bl ack named AndrewYoung el ected tocongress so that i n 1976 M Young coul d hustl e bl ack votes for M Carter So qui et was the Ameri can press about the ground prepari ng among every sel f -i nterestgroup that had a vote, M I van Rowan was abl e to wite i n the SUNDAY TELEGRAPH of J ul y18 97 The strength of Carter s posi t i on i s that he owes no one any favors . Anabsurd assert i on NEWSWEEK had reported on November 3 1975, that on bei ng asked whohi s runni ng mate woul d be, Carter repl i ed I l l tel l you what qual i f i cati ons she must

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Apri l , 1979 Page 2have. Even the ml i tant women' s-ri ghti sts hel d a Carter I . O. U whi ch was never pai dHowthe man who coul d f ri ghten nobody f ri end or foe was sel ected i s a l ong story THE UNVEILI NG CAME IN LATE 1972 Ml ton Katz, the Harvard l awprofessor who had beendeputy chi ef of OSS i n Caserta, I tal y, when pl ans were bei ng made to depose I tal y' sKi ng and support Ti to, the Yugosl av murderer of hi s anti -communi st ri val , was at workon one of hi s numerous causes As a consul tant for the Ford Foundati on, an off i ci al ithe l efti st-paci f i st Carnegi e Endowment for I nternati onal Peace, a trustee of thel efti st-paci f i st Worl d Affai rs Counci l as wel l as of the Worl d Peace Foundati on, M Katz had hi s f i ngers i n a l ot of pi es I f Ameri ca l earned anythi ng duri ng the V etnamwar i t was to beware of any movement wth the word peace i n i t Katz was one of many working tooth and nai l for Ameri can surrender i n V etnamunder thhi gh-soundi ng name of peace wthout vi ctory . When that was put over, peace wthhonor took i ts pl ace Even as M Katz hovered over hi s papers that autumn day of 197a women' s ri ghts fanati c i n Cal i forni a named Kate Ml l ett was maki ng i t her busi ness towork for the destructi on of I ran' s Shah The man she was out to get was the greatestchampi on of women' s ri ghts i n the Mosl emworl d but Moscowwanted himousted SuddenlyM Katz' tel ephone rang and over the l i ne came the voi ce of the man whomLord ThompsonLondon TIMES was to cal l the grand ol d man of the Democrats . What he had to say wentsomething l i ke thi s Ml ton, I ' ve got a man I want you to l ook over He i s a new facNo one has anythi ng on him I thi nk we can bui l d hi mup but I want your opi ni on beforeI take himup the l i ne. I t was Averel l Harriman speaking and hi s f i nd was J immy CarteAnyone not of the same pol i ti cal convi cti ons of the two men on the tel ephone woul d havebeen l eery because a man wth worse j udgment or more dubi ous supporters than M Harri mwoul d be hard to f i nd, unl ess we accept the theory that ml i tary defeat, demoral i zati onof the country, undermni ng of our currency and the condi ti oni ng of Ameri ca for accep-tance of regi onal status i n a superstate were M Harri man' s obj ecti ves THE HARR MAN RECORD I S NOT REASSUR NG I n the earl y 20s he saved the bol shevi k revol u-ti on wth a ti mel y l oan Duri ng Worl d War I I he was more responsi bl e than any otherAmeri can for gi vi ng Stal i n everythi ng he wanted I n 1947 he arranged for J ohn McC oy,the U S Hgh Commssi oner to Germany, to gi ve Duncan Sandys and the Pol i sh one-worl deJ oseph Reti nger, European currencies recei ved i n payment for Marshal l Pl an ai d Wththi s the two fi nanced thei r movement for the European Common Market whi ch wl l el ect 41representati ves to i ts supra-nati onal parl i ament on J une 10 of thi s year I t i s al readpowerful enough to bl ackmai l nati ons i nto goi ng al ong or goi ng brokeI n 1961, 62, Dean Rusk gave Harri man the j ob of toppl i ng the pro-Ameri can, anti -communi st government of General Phoum Nosavan and Pri nce Boun Oumi n Laos, because, as TIMEmagazi ne put i t U S pol i cy sees l i ttl e profi t i n tryi ng to make a f ree worl d bastiout of an i sol ated j ungl e nati on whose borders are conti guous wth a communi st power .To achi eve hi s ends Harri man had to get rid of everyone i n the 126-man Ameri can del egati on who opposed handing Laos to the reds The man who fl attered himmost and i n theend became Harriman' s protege was onl y too happy to undermne the i ntegri ty-hamperedassoci ates who al so stood i n hi s way Thi s was a l eft i st j uni or off i cer named Wl l i amH Sul l i van Harri man tol d Sul l i van Get ri d of these fel l ows .Sul l i van drewup a bl ackl i st whi ch cut the staff by hal f Harri man l ooked i t over andsai d Make i t two-thi rds . He parti cul arl y wanted to be f ree of the ml i tary, whokept tryi ng to wn He and Sul l i van soon had our ml i tary representati on i n Laos downto one col onel and one sergeant Then they turned to pol i cy Experi enced seni or off i copposed neutral i zi ng Laos Harri man countered by tel l i ng State Department he wantedSul l i van as hi s deputy Washi ngton repl i ed that i t was i mpossi bl e to promote a cl assthree off i cer over the heads of men wth cl ass one and cl ass two status Harri mansol ved that by sendi ng al l cl ass one and cl ass two men home, which cl eared the way forSul l i van to become ambassador to Laos and bri ng about the fal l of General Phoum Nosava

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Apri l , 1979 Pa&e3-the anti -communi st When Harriman went to Pari s to negoti ate the sel l -out of V etnamLaos and Cambodi a, Sul l i van went wth hi m UPI reported f romWashi ngton on J une 171969 that M Harri man was annoyed over the f rustrati on of tryi ng to negoti ate peacei n Vi etnamwhi l e the general s on both si des wanted to wn.Cyrus Sul zberger wrote i n A LONG ROWOF CANDLES Last ni ght di ned wth Harrimanasked him since he knows al l the great men of our time, who was the greatest Wthoutany hesi tati on he sai d Stal i n.On October 2 1969, the London TIMES tol d i ts readers that M Harri man bel i eved ani ndependent South Vi etnamwoul d emerge fromthe peace tal ks He al so l ooked for Sovi eAmeri can cooperati on i n the Mddl e East, where, The Uni ted States and Bri tai n shoul dpush I srael towards a settl ement . On May 14 1970 a Washi ngtonAP report quotedHarri man as compl ai ni ng that Presi dent Nguyen van Thi eu had never been prepared tobargai n seri ously wth the Vi etcong and the North Vi etnamese There wl l be no re-pri sal s on ei ther si de, sai d Harri man The other side does not want a bl oodbath anymore than we do. On J ul y 2 1970, Harri man proposed that w by-pass Thi eu al togetherand make our own term wth Hanoi i f Thi eu remains obstructi veA Los Angel es Ti mes story of March 17 1971, tol d howEdward Wei ntal , the former Pol i shdi pl omat, had conf ronted Harri man wth a tel egramf romthe Nati onal Archi ves datedFebruary 12 1944, i n which Harriman assured Roosevel t that Soviet Russi a di d not wantto i ntroduce a communi st government i n Pol and Harri man di d not deny having sent thetel egram but he shook his f i st i n Wei ntal ' s face and shouted I f you pri nt that i nyour book I ' l l break your j aw So much for the man who tel ephoned Ml ton Katz i n thefal l of 1972 to ask Katz to hel p sel l hi s f i nd Katz had no qualm about gi vi ng the unknown Georgian hi s stamp of approval , though hemust have had a smug feel i ng of superi ori ty as he di d soy Fromthen on the road wascl ear Harri man took hi s man to Zbi gni euwBrzezi nski and Brzezi nski took hi mto DavidRockefel l er Past the Rockefel l er hurdle, Carter was ready for the Tri l ateral Comms-si on whi ch woul d gi ve hi man educati on whi l e he watched the men i n the knowedgeAmeri ca and J apan i nto a speci al rel ati onshi p wth the Common Market, wth Ameri caservi ng as i ntermediary The two-year peri od of feeding paper i nto computers to f i nd what a candadate shoul dsay to pl ease the l argest number of Ameri cans started There were wheel s wthi n wheelsand the maki ngs of many a book i n the happenings and personal i ti es i nvol ved as l abor,management, i deol ogi cal groups and conf l i cti ng rel i gi ons and col ors were convi nced thatthe man i n the Whi te House woul d be thei r man I n the end al l of themwere double-crossed Ml ton Katz' closest associate i n France whi l e thi s was goi ng on,and Ameri can defeatwas bei ng assured i n Vi etnamwas a reti red ai rforce general named Paul Stehl i n, whoseful l role i n the Harri man-Katz ci rcl e wl l never be knownGENERAL PAUL STEHLI Nwas born i n Hochfel den i n 1907 and was wel l -f i tted for the groupi n whi ch he moved I t i s doubtful that any of themhad any feel i ng of bel ongi ng to anati on Though he became a French general , Stehl i n advocated a one-worl d governmentbui l t on the foundati on of a constantl y-expanding Common Market, whi ch i s a Counci l onForei gn Rel ati ons (CFR)-Tri l ateral Commssi on obj ecti ve The ml i tary had been hi scareer, but he accepted the peace wthout vi ctory thesi s of Katz' Worl d Peace Founda-ti on He was a paci f i st worki ng for Ameri can defeat, but he was on the payrol l ofHughes Ai rcraf t as thei r pri nci pal representati ve i n Europe He drewa pensi on f romthe French ai rf orce but was hi red to throw the NATO purchase of 350 planes to Northrop,for YF-16s and YF-17s, i nstead of France' s Mrage I I I At a meeti ng of the Worl d Peace Foundati on, Katz i ntroduced hi mto Henry Ki ssinger,

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Apri l 1979 Page - 4-wth whomhe had much i n common Stehl inwote in a l etter to LEMONDE, the Pari spol i ti cal dai l y, of August 28, 1973, that after thei r i ni ti al meeting Kissinger oftenstayed at Stehl in' s place i n the country where, through Stehl i n, he fi rst met theHanodelegation to Paris and set i n motion the negotiations i n which Harriman, VanceandSul l ivan achi eved thei r obj ecti ves Stehl in' s pri ori ti es cannot be explained by l ogic or nati onal interests Like his wftheAmerican-born Anne-Marie Schwob, he was amli tant Zoni st, yet he consciouslyworked to destroy the morale of the nati on and i ts arm that, i n a pinch, would beexpected to guarantee I srael ' s exi stence I n thwarting theAmericans whowanted victoi n Vetnamhe destroyed thei r enthusiasmfor going to the rescue of any country any-whereMany Frenchmendenounced himas a trai tor over theNATOai rcraft purchase and he di edmsteriously i n J une 1975 when he stepped - or was pushed - i n front of an on-comngbus after a telephone cal l sent himscurrying to his offi ce i n search of hi s brief-casHad he l i ved i t i s certain that hewould have pl ayed a role in the Europeanworkings othe Tri lateral Commssion and through i t the education of Presi dent Carter BACK INAMERCATHE ELECTIONWENT I TSWAY An admtted 21,800,000was spent to obtaithe 27 of the Ameri can votewhich put Averel l Harriman' s f i nd i n offi ce The comput-eri zed promses pai d off According to an AP report of December 10, 1976, Carterreaped 94%of the colored vote TheNational Broadcasting Corporation gave him72 ofthe Jewsh vote, 56%of the Cathol i cs, 60 of the voters wth Pol i sh surnames, 64%ofthe blue-col lar workers and 70 of the big ci ty residents But sinceonl y 53 of theAmericans who could have voted bothered to go to the pol l s, the vast majori ty of thecountry can say You voted for him we didn' t .London' s l efti st OBSERVER reported By the time ofof thework had been done Themood of the Americanhad been establ i shed howCarter mght turn that moodAmeri ca, the Carter coupwas al ready hal f made.

the NewHampshi reprimaries muchpeople had been analyzed and i ti nto votes Unknown to most of

M Howel l Raines, edi tor of the St Petersburg Times, was shocked at the i dea of usincomputers to f i nd out what the publ i c wanted to hear and then speaking accordingly HaskedM J ody Powel l , Isn' t thi s blatant chi canery, when themanwho sai d trust me,wl l never l i e to you, assures an audience that he i s a strong conservative?Not at al l , Powel l repl ied Thi si s an example of the governor' s pecul iar gi ft of

being abl e to explainhis l i beral pol i ci es i n term that make themacceptable toconservatives .On May 17, 1976, U S NEWS WORLDREPORT disclosed the fact that Peter Bourne, thepsychiatri st who hadworked for American defeat i n V etnam had prepared a study ofthousands of national organi zati ons, thei r l eani ngs and thei r convention dates, forthe Carter teamwhichwas onl y wai ting to promse each of themanything i t asked for JUST BEFORE THE ELECTIONMR HARRMANWAS SENT TOMOSCOWto beg hi s fri end, party bossLeonid Brezhnev, to di scount themore strident anti -Russian posi ti ons taken during thcampaign as election-year rhetori c . I t i s l ittlewonder that Saudi Arabia andWstGermany' s Helmut Schmdt have no confi dence i n Carter asbuffer against Russia nowand aremaki ng overtures to Moscow The sight of Carter tel l ing theAmerican publ icone thi ng and sendingHarriman to Moscow to tel l Brezhnev the opposite should havebeen awarningWen Harriman returned to Wshington he assuredM Carter that the Soviet bui ld-upwas not to be taken seriously Russi a i s almost surrounded by hosti le communi stcountries, he tol d the trusti ng Presi dent To impl y that thi s i s why the Russians,

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Apri l , 1979 Page -5-Cubans and East Germans are i n South Yemen, Afghani stan and al l the troubl e spots ofAfri ca i s an i nsul t to anyone wth i ntel l i gence So convi nced was Harriman that European communi sts can be trusted, he tol d the TIMES,of London, correspondent, Davi d Spani er I don' t bel i eve that the European communistswant to toe Moscows l i ne I f i t comes t o i t we shal l have to test how far they canwork i n NATO Thi s after a constant streamof spi es worki ng i n NATO had been arrestedor made thei r escape to the EastTHE NEWADMNSTRATIONWAS NOT YET I NOFFI CE when the U S NEWS WORLD REPORT ofDecember 20, 1976, reported I t i s el der statesman Averel l Harriman, i nsiders say,who has the most i nf l uence on Carter' s choi ces for top nati onal securi ty posts, i ncl ud-i ng Cyrus Vance as Secretary of State Thi s answers a questi on that many have been aski ng Having l earned elsewhere howwegot saddl ed wth the l i ke of J immy Carter, U S NEWS WORLDREPORT now tel l s us how got saddl ed wth the l i kes of Zbi gni euwBrzezi nski , Cyrus Vance and a host of otherswhose qual i f i cati ons have never been questi oned Soon after the President entered off i ce, Wl l i amSul l i van was appoi nted ambassador toI ran where, by tel l i ng the Shah to get out, he helped Russi a achi eve her greatest boundahead si nce the days i mmedi atel y fol l owng Worl d War I I More i mportant, Zbi gni euwBrezezi nski , the head of M Carter' s trai ni ng school , theTri l ateral Commssi on, was taken i nto the Whi te House as Nati onal Securi ty Advi ser I t i s i nteresti ng to read the Kni ght News Servi ce story of December 17, 1976, whichtol d Ameri cans that M Brzezi nski had al ready been M Carter' s pri nci pal forei gnpol i cy advi ser for more than a year and a hal f, which i s to say, the di ctator of M Carter' s forei gn pol i cy statements Hewas one of the fi rst of the academc-pol i ti calf i gures i n the nati onal securi ty area to take Carter seri ousl y as presi denti al materi althe Kni ght report conti nued They worked together i n the organi zati on cal l ed theTri l ateral Commssi on, of which Brzezi nski was di rector - an organi zati on strongl ysupported by Davi d Rockefel l er and the Chase Manhattan Bank.Meanwhi l e, over i nMoscow on heari ng that Carter had won and even before the questi on-abl e appoi ntments were announced, M Bori s Ponomarev, who di rects theworl d' s commun-i st parti es i n whi ch M Harriman expressed confi dence, tol d a group of vi si ti ng Engl i sreds I f we don' t make any wong moves and bungl e thi ngs, the neutral i zati on of anti -communi st movements i n the West i s on the ri ght road.I t had been for a l ong time Cyrus Sul zberger wote i n hi s syndi cated col umn of Apri l6, 1973 I deol ogi cal l y, the Uni ted States has grown up in V etnamand nowsees thatcommuni smi s not a Manichean evi l automati cal l y to be exposed The Los Angel es Ti mesof J ul y 18, 1976, expressed sati sfacti on that Anti -communi st fervor was di ssi p