guidelines format for fullpaper

7/31/2019 Guidelines Format for Fullpaper

1/5

GUIDELINE FOR FORMAT OF FULL PAPER

General format

All manuscripts should be formatted in Microsoft Word format in Times New Roman11 point, single-spaced, justified alignment with a maximum length of 15pages (including

abstract, references, tables, figures and/or charts) on A4 size paper. Margins should be one inch(or 2.54 cm) from top, bottom, and sides. All pages, including tables, references andappendixes, should be serially numbered. Spell out numbers from one to ten, except whenused in tables and lists and when used with mathematical, statistical, scientific, ortechnical units and quantities such as distances, weights and measures (e.g. three days , 3kilometers , 30 years , etc.). All other numbers are expressed numerically.

Abstract

An abstract of about 100 words (200 maximum) should be presented on a separate pageimmediately preceding the text. The abstract should concisely inform the reader of themanuscripts topics, its methods, and its findings. The suggested sequence should be (1) Title

of the paper (2) Authors name (3) Authors institution (4) Abstract itself and (5) Keywords.There must be at least three keywords to assist in indexing the paper. Please refer to Page 2 asan example.

Body of text

Major sections should be numbered in Roman numerals. Subsections should be numbered.Tables and figures should NOT be put at the end of the paper. They must be inserted in theappropriate places within the text itself. All tables, figures and charts should be seriallynumbered. Please refer to Pages 3 as an example.

References and Appendixes

Reference should be placed before appendixes (serially numbered). Reference section shouldcontain only those work cited within the text. Each entry should contain all informationnecessary for unambiguous identification of the published work. Arrange citations inalphabetical order according to the surname of the authors. Arrange citations in chronologicalorder when two or more works are by the same first author (regardless of co-authors). Two ormore works by the same author(s) published in the same year are distinguished by letters a,

b, etc., after the year. Use authors initials instead of proper names. For two or moreauthors, separate authors with a comma, including a comma before and. Date of publicationfollows the authors (authors) name(s). Titles of journals or newspapers should not beabbreviated. The format for appendixes is the same format for tables, figures and charts. Please

refer to Pages 4 and 5 as examples.

1


2/5

The Topic

Sarajul Fikri Mohamed1, Chan, E.H.W2

1Department of Quantity Surveying Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM Skudai Johor Malaysia

(email: [email protected])

2Research Institute of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia

(email: [email protected])

ABSTRACT

Post-disaster reconstruction has been the subject of a significant body of research with particular

emphasis on developing countries that are less able to deal with the causes and impacts of disasters.

There is however growing recognition that the construction industry has a much broader role to

anticipate, assess, prevent, prepare, respond and recover from disruptive challenges. Advocates

suggest construction professionals have a key role to play because they are involved in the

construction of the infrastructure, and therefore should also be involved when an event destroys that

infrastructure. They also suggest that ...

Keywords: Disaster mitigation, Enhanced lifecycle, Disruptive challenge, Resilience, Knowledge

management

1. BACKGROUND

1.1 Natural hazards, disasters and human settlements

According to the World Disasters Report 2005 (Dynes, 2003), the number of reported disasters has

increased steadily over the past century and risen very sharply during the past decade. An average of

354 disasters of natural origin occurred per year in the period 1991 to 1999. From 2000 to 2004, this

rose to an average of 728 per year. The Asia-Pacific region has experienced the greatest loss of life in

absolute terms and in proportion to the population, due to earthquakes, floods and tropical cyclones.

In economic terms, the World Disaster Report 2002 assesses the average estimated damage due tonatural disasters at US$69 billion. Asia shows the highest reported losses but those in Europe are

considerably greater than those in Africa. This reflects the high value of the infrastructure and assets

at risk...

It is evidenced that the number of disasters has grown significantly over the last six years. Table 1 and

Table 2 summarises all types of disasters that occurred in the European region from 1990-1999 and

2000-2007 respectively.

2


3/5

Table 1: A summary of the types of disaster in Europe 1990-99

Region

Type

Eastern

Europe

Western

Europe

Northern

Europe

Southern

Europe

Total

Drought 3 1 2 7 13

Earthquake 8 4 1 18 31

Epidemic 12 2 - 1 15

Extreme Temperature 17 5 3 4 29

Flood 37 26 8 23 94

Industrial Accident 28 19 9 12 68

Miscellaneous Accident 18 16 4 7 45

Slides 6 5 2 4 17

Transport Accident 49 36 25 43 153

Volcano - - 1 1 2

Wild Fires 8 2 - 12 22

Wind Storm 15 26 16 10 67

Total 201 142 71 142 556

1.2 Components of a disaster

Natural hazards like earthquakes, however intense, inevitable or unpredictable, translate to disasters

only to the extent that the population is unprepared to respond, unable to cope, and, consequently,

severely affected. An earthquake will cause little damage if it takes place in an empty desert. It may

also cause little damage if it takes place where people can afford to be well protected. Hence, a natural

event only causes serious damage when it affects an area where the people are at risk and poorly

protected. Disasters occur when these two factors are brought together (Figure 1):

Figure 1: Components of a Disaster

1.3 Resilience

The concept of resilience has arisen from an amalgamation of historic developments in the disaster

planning process. It has a focus on disaster and addresses the ability of the community to recover

following the impact of a disastrous event (Karim, 2003). Warfield (2004)define resilience from the

perspective of risk as, the capacity to use change to better cope with the unknown: it is learning to

bounce back and emphasise that, resilience stresses variability...

3

Unsafe Conditions


4/5

2. CONSTRUCTION'S ROLE IN RESILIENCE AND RECOVERY

Although more robust construction in and of itself will not eliminate the consequences of disruptive

events, there is widespread recognition that the engineering community has a valuable role to play in

finding and promoting rational, balanced solutions to what remains an unbounded threat. There has

been considerable research aimed at developing knowledge that will enable the construction of a

generation of buildings that are more robust and safer, for example, through reduction of injury

inducing blast debris, the development of glazing materials that do not contribute to the explosion-

induced projectile hazards and have enhanced security application, as well as the integration of site

and structure in a manner that minimises the opportunity for attackers to approach or enter a

building...

3. IMARAH: INSPIRING MALAYSIAN RENEWAL AND HUMANITY

In recognition of the need for a disaster knowledge networking platform to facilitate interaction and

simultaneous dialogue with related expertise, the School of Built Environment at the University of

Salford, have startedIMARAH(Inspiring Malaysian Renewal and Humanity), a twelve month research

project funded by Venture Capital. The research is aimed at increasing the effectiveness of disaster

management by facilitating the capturing and sharing of appropriate knowledge and good practices in

land, property and construction. Due to the broad scope of disaster management-related activities, this

initial research focuses on creating a knowledgebase on the post-Tsunami response, with specific

reference to case material in Malaysia. The broad aim of the research will be addressed by:

Creating an infrastructure for developing, sharing and disseminating knowledge about disastermanagement, particularly mitigation measures, for land, property and construction;

Developing a knowledgebase on disaster management strategies arising from post-tsunamirecovery efforts; and

Developing case materials on post-tsunami response in Malaysia.

...

4. CONCLUSIONS

It is clear that much work has been done and is ongoing, relating to disaster management and

constructions role specifically. Despite this, knowledge appears fragmented, although there are

undoubtedly many successful practices and lessons to be learnt, most significantly from major

disasters such as the 2004 Tsunami. A lack of effective information and knowledge dissemination can

be identified as one of the major reasons behind the unsatisfactory performance levels of current

disaster management practices....

REFERENCES

Dynes, R. (2003) Finding Order in Disorder: Continuities in the 9-11 Response. International Journal

of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, Research Committee on Disasters, International Sociological

Association, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp 9-23.

4


5/5

Karim, N. (2004) Options for Floods and Drought Preparedness in Bangladesh. Proceedings of the

Second International Conference on Post-disaster reconstruction: Planning for Reconstruction, 22-23

April 2004, Coventry University, UK.

Warfield, C. (2004) The disaster management cycle, (available online

http://www.gdrc.org/uem/disasters/1-dm_cycle.html [accessed on 22/12/2006])

5
http://www.gdrc.org/uem/disasters/1-dm_cycle.htmlhttp://www.gdrc.org/uem/disasters/1-dm_cycle.html

guidelines format for fullpaper

Documents