guided reading chapter 11

8/10/2019 Guided Reading Chapter 11

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Chapter 11 Guided Reading (Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas) Name: Shaloma McDonald

A.P. History Guided Reading Chapter 11

Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas 600 – 1500

ATTN: YOU MUST USE THIS FORM Directions: You must answer who, what, where, when and why important for the vocabularythat are labeled with an asterisk and answer ALL of the questions. Answers should be in adifferent color font and should be turned in to turnitin.com and to the class crate when due

Terms:

1. Stelae 2. **Quetzalcoatl This was a religious god who possessed a clan; the followers accepted an exile to the “land of the risingsun”. This Mesoamerican god is the god of intelligence and self reflection. His name means “Feathered serpent” preferred animal sacrifice to human sacrifice. Compared to Jesus.

3. **Chinampas Raised fields constructed along lakeshores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields.

4. **Tribute system A system in which defeated peoples were to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transferof food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the

Aztec and Inca economies. 5. **Huitzilopochtli Huitzilopochtli was the chief god of Mexica. He was also known as the “southern hummingbird”. He wasoriginally associated with war, but later shifted to being associated with the Sun. Sacrifices were made inhonor of Huitzilopochtli because the people who worshiped him believed that he required a diet of humanhearts.

6. **Maize Maize is corn.

7. Chiefdom 8. Mounds 9. Khipus 10. Ayllu 11.**Mit’a

Andean labor system based on shared obligations to help kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler andreligious organizations. 12.Llamas and alpaca 13.Verticality (vertical integration)

14.**Waru waru agricultural techniquesWaru waru agricultural teqniquies were raised beds and iggigation systems that lead to the increase of cropyield. Places

15.Mesoamerica 16.**Tenochtitlan Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 onthe eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins.

17.Cahokia 18.**Cuzco



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Chapter 11 Guided Reading (Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas) Cuzco is a valley where the Incas were originally organized and chiefdom based on reciprocal gift givingand the redistribution of food and textiles. Cuzco was also the imperial capital and the provincial cities, theroyal court, imperial armies, and state religious cults that rested upon efforts of the mit'a workers. Empires / Kingdoms

19.**Teotihuacan Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on

the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins 20.Mayan Empire 21.**Toltecs Powerful post classic empire in central Mexico (900-1175 CE). It influenced much of Mesoamerica. Aztecsclaimed ties to this earlier civilization.

22. Aztecs 23.Moche 24.Chimu 25. Incas 26.Tiwanaku 27.Wari’ Individuals / People

28. Anasazi 29.Mississippian culture 30.**Montezuma II Montezuma II was an Aztec ruler from 1502 to 1520. People would sweep under his feet so he would nottouch the earth and the chieftains would not once look him in the face.Questions to Outline:

1. What are the characteristics of a Mayan city-state (include its architecture)? The Mayans shared a single structure but was never a lone unified state. Kingdoms were led byhereditary rulers that have fought each other for dominance of their region. In Terms of architecturehigh yields were received by draining swamps and building elevated fields. Architects were alsoresponsible for managing forests and promoting the conservation of deer and other animals that they

hunted.2. How was the Mayan cosmos divided? The Mayans divided the cosmos into three layers that were connected on a vertical axis that traced theway the sun moved. 3. What are the theories of the disappearance of the Mayan city-state?

Their cities were destroyed by violence

High levels of warfare weakened some areas

Teotihuacan’s long distance trade was disrupted

They could no longer support their population

4. How did the Aztecs conquer the peoples of Central Mexico?

The Aztecs gained central Mexico by having power in political alliances and military conquest and pushingtheir way in. Once they capture the native people of Mexica they forced them to provide goods and laboras a tax 5. Outline the Aztec urban plan and class system.

Monarchical system

Powerful Aristocrats that chose ruler

6. Outline the major parts of the Incan imperial bureaucracy. Nobility played a major role- state bureaucracy Ruler chosen based on who was closer to god Local practices and local governors

guided reading chapter 11

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