guide to writing a municipal energy management strategy · 2015. 10. 6. · guide to writing a...

Guide to writing a municipal energy management strategy

Guide to writing a Municipal Energy Management Strategy

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Approach p. 3

Value Proposition p. 3

Step-by-step Guide

1. Propose an Energy Management Strategy to Municipal Council p. 4

2.Developathoroughunderstandingofthecurrentenergyefficiencyopportunities. p.4

3.Organizeandanalyzeenergyefficiencyopportunities p.5

4.ContactEfficiencyNovaScotia. p.5

Sample:“EfficencyOpportunitiesSpreadsheet” p.5

5.Createashort-termtimelinewithlong-termgoals p.6

6.Createanenergyefficiencytarget p.6

7. Create a Green Revolving Fund p. 7

8. Make a plan for accountability p. 8

Sample:“ImplementationPlanTable” p.8

9. Propose the plan to Council p. 9

10. Track progress p. 9

11.Engagewithstaffandpublic p.9-10

12.Re-evaluate p.10

Concluding Remarks p. 11

Useful Resources p. 11

Prepared by Emma Norton Energy Efficiency Coordinator Ecology Action Centre [email protected] (902) 442-0199

Redesigned by Crystal Picard and Republished 2015

Table of Contents


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Introduction

ThisisaguideformunicipalitiesinNovaScotiatowritetheirownMulti-YearEnergyManagementStrategy.Ourintentionisthatmunicipalstaff,withorwithoutenergyexperience,canusethisguidetohelpcreateaneffectiveandachievableenergymanagement strategy for the municipality.

Value Proposition Energymanagementisdefinedhereasusingenergybetter by taking control of energy consumption and production.Thekeyaspect,energyefficiency,isbestthoughtofasanenergysource,figuringintoyourenergyuseinthesamewaythatelectricitymight.Energyefficiencyisoneofthesafestfinancialinvestmentsaninstitutioncanmake,asitsreturnon investment is almost guaranteed and can be predicted based on engineering calculations rather than stock market estimates. As stated in a 2012 studyfromEnvironmentNortheast,benefitsofenergyefficiencyinclude“avoidingexpensiveupgradestoagingenergyinfrastructure;facilitatingnewindustryandcentersofexcellence;reducingtheneedsforenergy assistance programs; and the value of energy security”.1 Communities and institutions around the worldarealreadyactingonandrealizingthevalueofenergyefficiency. Savingsfromenergyefficiencyprojectsareasourceofrevenueforthemunicipality.Energyefficiencywillencouragegrowthinthelocaleconomyinsteadofpaying for fuels from foreign markets and it creates measurable,healthyjobs.AreportfromthePembinaInstitute for Appropriate Development states that investinginenergyefficiencycreates3-5morejobsthaninvestingineitherrenewableenergyorfossilfuelenergy respectively.2InNovaScotia,theefficiencyindustry has already created over 1200 full time jobs.3Energyefficiencyputsmoneybackinpocketsofratepayersandtaxpayersbyreducingutilitybills.

Inthecaseofmunicipalgovernments,itcreatesstrongerfiscalresponsibility.Thesavingsfromenergyefficiencycanevenbecapturedinarevolvingfund,whichcanbeusedforotherenergyefficiencyprojectsthatwillleadtofurtherenergysavings. As stated in the Ecology Action Centre’s 2013 report,Electricity and Nova Scotia’s Future: Hurdles and Opportunities,“NovaScotiadiffersfromotherCanadianjurisdictionsthathaveundertakensimilarenergy and electricity system transformations in that energy security is a central motivating factor here rather than an economic opportunity. Energy import dependencyisoneofNovaScotia’sgreatestsocialandeconomicvulnerabilities,sincetheprovinceisalmostwhollyreliantonexpensiveandvolatileimportmarketsforitsheating,transportationandelectricityfuelsupplies”.4 Managing energy consumption is akeyaspectofregainingenergysecurityinNovaScotiasothatourprovincecanpoweritselffromlocalandrenewableresourceslikesolar,wind,andtidal energy. Climate change is an increasingly dire

The Town of New Glasgow is saving about $35,000 a year from retrofitting their historic buildings, library, and local arena.

“Energy will be affordable for allpeople in our community, and secure energy sources will sustain a thriving economy.”- The Town of Bridgewater

The Town of Annapolis Royal reduced its greenhouse gas emissions by 24% in just 5 years.

1 LeslieMalone,JamieHowland,BrunaGobeil.BrentLangille,PhilippeDunsky&LisaPetraglia.“EnergyEfficiency:EngineofEconomicGrowthinEasternCanada.A Macroeconomic Modeling & Tax Revenue Impact Assessment.ReportPreparedforEnvironmentNortheast,May2012,p.7. 2 BarbaraCampbell,LarryDufay,RobMacintosh“ComparativeAnalysisofEmploymentfromAirEmissionReductionMeasures”,PembinaInstituteforAppropriateDevelopment,January31,1997,p.4. 3 EfficiencyNovaScotia.2014AnnualReport.December2013,p.19. 4 Catherine Abreu. Electricity and Nova Scotia’s Future: Hurdles and Opportunities.ProducedbytheEcologyActionCentre.August2013,p.3.


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threat,especiallytocoastalcommunitiesaroundNovaScotia.CanadianMunicipalitiesareresponsible(bothdirectlyandindirectly)forapproximately44% of our country’s greenhouse gas emissions.5 MostelectricityandheatingfuelsinNovaScotiacomefromcoal,oil,ornaturalgas,soreducingconsumptionwillhelpNovaScotiaandmunicipalitiesreduce emissions to mitigate climate change. Energy efficiencyisessentialinthefightagainstclimatechange.

In2014,everykWhofelectricitypurchasedfromNovaScotiaPowerIncorporatedreleased798.21grams of CO2 into the atmosphere.6,7NovaScotia’spowersupplyisbecominglesscarbonintensiveatanimpressiverate,butnotquicklyenoughconsideringtheurgencyofclimatechange.Energyefficiencyiskeytomakingtheswitchtoafossil-freeelectricitysystem.Eventuallylowornogreenhousegasemissionswillbecomelegislatednorm;itisprudenttoplanformoreefficientoperationsnow.

Additionally,energyefficiencyhassocialbenefitsclosely linked to its economic and environmental benefits.SmallcommunitiesinNovaScotiabasedonfishingandagriculturearesufferingastheirindustriesstruggletocompeteinglobalmarkets.Jobsforlocal skilled tradespeople are created by investing inenergyefficientupgradesduetothenatureofenergyretrofitsandenergyefficiencyconstruction.Furthermore,themoneysavedfromenergyefficiencycan be reinvested into other community programs or local goods.

Municipalities can take advantage of these many benefitsofenergymanagement.Wehopethatthisguidewillhelpyourmunicipalitymakethesepossibilities reality.

Step 1: Propose an Energy Management Strategy to Municipal CouncilThroughapresentationorsimplereport,showtheMunicipalCouncilthebenefitsofanEnergyManagement Strategy for your municipality. Use inspiringstoriesthatdemonstratewhatothermunicipalitiesinNovaScotiahavealreadydone.ExamplescanbefoundontheUnionofNovaScotiaMunicipalitiesSustainabilityOfficewebsite.Itislikelythat your council has contacts in those municipalities already that you or they can look to for advice. Another option is to contact the Ecology Action Centre for a presentation about these stories and the benefitsofenergyefficiency. Use this opportunity to ensure that the municipality is ready to endorse energy management. A discussion withcouncilcanbeusedtoidentifyopportunitiesforenergyefficiency;itishelpfultohaveanumberofopportunitiesidentifiedbeforehandtopresentto council. Opportunities and challenge in the development of the Energy Management Plan help toestablishtheenergyefficiencyprioritiesoftheMunicipalCouncil.Priorityexamplescouldincludebuildingsofhighestconcern,costsavings,comfortofbuildings,orengagingcommunity.Theseprioritieswillbehelpfulinthedevelopmentofanupgradetimeline later.

Step 2: Develop an understanding of the current energy efficiency opportunitiesManymunicipalitiesinNovaScotiahavehadanenergy audit completed in order to receive funding fromthefederalGasTaxFund.Ifyourmunicipalityhas not already had an energy audit or scoping study conducted,itisanessentialfirststepindevelopingan energy management plan. Most engineering consultancies can be contracted to do this. For

Step-by-Step Process

5FederationofCanadianMunicipalities.2009.ActLocally.TheMunicipalRoleinFightingClimateChange.PreparedbyEnviroEconomics.Availableonline:http://www.fcm.ca/Documents/reports/Act_Locally_The_Municipal_Role_in_Fighting_Climate_Change_EN.pdf6SeeNovaScotiaPowerIncorporated’swebpage,“TotalSystemsEmissions(AllPlants)”,https://www.nspower.ca/en/home/about-us/environmental-commitment/air-emissions-reporting/total-system-emissions-all-plants.aspx.7CO2equivalent(carbondioxideequivalent),isameasureusedtocomparetheemissionsfromvariousgreenhousegasesbasedontheirgreenhouseeffectpotential.


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guidanceinfindingacontractortodothestudy,callEfficiencyNovaScotia(1-877-999-6035)ortheEcologyActionCentre(902-442-0199).EfficiencyNovaScotiacanprovidefundingforenergyauditsthat include electricity saving opportunities.

Step 3: Organize and analyze energy efficiency opportunitiesOncethescopingstudyiscomplete,developalist of opportunities in spreadsheet format. Many engineering consulting companies for do this for you. Foreachopportunitytosaveenergy,calculatethepotentialcosts,potentialsavings(inkilowatthours,inlitresoffueloil,gas,orpropane,andintonnesofgreenhousegasemissions),andpredictedsimplepayback period. Dollar savings are based on the real price per kilowatthour(kWh)ofeachaccountandestimatedkWhsavings.Itislikelythatvariousbuildingsinthemunicipalityhavedifferentratecodesandthereforedifferentelectricityrates.Takethisintoconsiderationwhencalculatingestimatedsavings.Itmustalsobenotedthatenergyratesarelikelytoriseinthefuture,soavoidedcostswillbelargerthanpredictedaswilltotalspendingperkWh.ThereforekWhsavingsperyeararethemostaccuratereflectionofpossible

savings.Discusstheopportunitieswiththemunicipalpropertyservicesmanager,publicworksmanagerand/orwhoeverelsemightbeinformedonthesituation.Theycantellyouwhathasbeenalreadybeenupgraded,whatstillneedstobeupgradedandifthereareanynewpotentialprojects.Updateyourspreadsheet using this feedback.

Step 4: Contact Efficiency Nova ScotiaBasedontheopportunitiesidentifiedinyourreviewoftheauditandtheconversationwiththemunicipalpropertyservicesmanagerorpublicworksmanager,contactEfficiencyNovaScotia(1-877-999-6035)andfindoutwhatprogramsandincentivesareavailabletohelpyouuseyourenergybetter.Closelyreviewthescopingstudy’slistofopportunitieswithEfficiencyNovaScotiasothatnoopportunitiesforsupportfromEfficiencyNovaScotiaaremissed.EfficiencyNovaScotiaprovidesfinancialincentivesforupgradesandstudiesaswellasexpertiseaboutefficienttechnologies that save electricity. EfficiencyNovaScotiacanimmediatelyhelpwithsomeoftheeasierenergysavingopportunities,suchaslightingupgrades.Thesechangeswillenableenergy,financial,andmaintenancesavingstostartimmediately,andsetthemunicipalityupformoreambitious upgrades later. The earlier savings start


Table 1: Sample Opportunities Spreadsheet


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accruing,thebetterresultsthemunicipalitywillreceiveduetofewerwastedresources.IntegratethedatafromEfficiencyNovaScotiacontractors,newlycalculatedcosts,savingsandpaybackperiodsintotheOpportunitiesSpreadsheet.EfficiencyNovaScotia’sdatawillbemoreaccuratethanascopingstudyandwillgiveyouabetterideaofthesavingsand costs involved in electricity saving upgrades.

Step 5: Create a short-term time line with long-term goalsInthisstage,identifywhichprojectscanbestartedrightawayanddecidewhetherthesavingswillhelppayforfutureprojects.Thisisagoodtimeto calculate the current total energy use of your buildingsinkWhandfueloillitres.Startwiththe“quickwins”.Quickwinprojectshavelittlecostbut big savings and therefore short payback periods. Thehigherthesavingsachievedduringthefirstyear,themorecumulativesavingswillbeachievedbytheend of the timeline.

Thetime-lineshouldbeadetailedplanofwhentheenergysavingupgradeswillbemadeinthemunicipality.Calculatewhatthesavingswillbeattheendofeachyear,andhowmuchwasspenton upgrades that year. Savings should meet expendituresovertheyears,especiallyassavingsfromthefirstyearsaccumulateandbuild.Forexample,ifyourmunicipalitysaves40,000kWhfromthefirstupgradesmadeinyourbaselineyear,fiveyears later the initial upgrades have saved themunicipality200,000kWh.

Helpfulestimatestoaddthistimelineinclude:annualkWhtotal,dollar,andgreenhousegasemissionsavingsachievedduringtheyear,cumulativekWh(sinceupgradesbegan),cumulativedollar,andcumulative greenhouse gas emission savings since

thebeginningoftheplan,expendituresonenergyprojectsduringeachyear,andcumulativespendingonenergyprojectsoverthewholetimeline.

Step 6: Create an energy efficiency targetAtargetforenergyefficiencyisimportanttoinspireaction and measure progress. Targets should be S.M.A.R.T.–specific,measurable,attainable,realistic,andtimely.Writingthetimelinefirstwillestablishameasurable,attainable,andrealistictarget.Setakilowatt-hour(kWh)targetinsteadofagreenhousegasemissiontarget,greenhousegasemissionreductions are harder to estimate since each year theemissionsperkWhfromyourpowerutilitywillbechanging based on their energy generation sources. The target should have a baseline year and target year.


Case Study: Municipality of Barrington

In2014,theEcologyActionCentrehelpeddevelopaMulti-YearEnergyManagement Strategy for the MunicipalityofBarringtonusingtheframeworkoutlinedinthisdocument.Thefive-yeartimelineprovidesapath forthemunicipalitytosaveanimpres-sive$40,000+peryearinenergycosts,withpaybackforachievedbytheendofthefifthyear.The$40,000inannualsavingsequals15percentreductioninelectricityanda60percentreductioninfueloilbelow2013levels.Usingthestrategy,bytheendof2014,theMunicipalityofBarringtoncouldreduceits electricity consumption by 2 per cent.


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Forexample,a15percentenergyreductionbelow2013 (baseline year) levels by 2019 (target year). Many international climate organizations recommend settingabaselineof1990.Yourmunicipalitymightopt for the base year to be the year of their scoping study or energy audit because the study provided an accurate measurement of the energy consumed duringthisyear.Targetscanbehelpfulforstaffengagement. Incentives for meeting annual goals couldbecreated,likeanextradayofvacationfortheteamthatreachesthegoalfirst,oracelebrationwhentheentiremunicipalityreachesthetarget.Forsome,theincreasedcomfortoftheworkspacewillbeenough incentive!

7. Create a Green Revolving FundAGreenRevolvingFund(GRF)allowsthemunicipalitytousethesavingsgainedfromefficiencyupgradestomakefurtherupgrades.Bycapturingtheoperationalsavings from recent energy upgrades and using themforfutureenergyefficiencyprojects,itlessensthe demand on the municipal budget for energy efficiencyprojects.AGRFisastablefundforenergyefficiencyprojectsthatdoesnotaffecttaxesordebt.It also increases seed funding for feasibility studies andbigenergyprojectsthatdonothaveincentivesavailable through other means. GRF’s have many possibilities :

YourGRFfundcanbeconfiguredinvariousways:

Yourmunicipalitycandetermineatwhatpointaftermaking the upgrade to start and stop capturing thesavingsinaGRF.Forexample,themunicipalitymightdecidetowaituntiltheprojecthasbeenpaidback from the savings incurred to start capturing the savings. A GRF has a number of advantages:1. Simple to implement in comparison to other funding models;2.Fundsrevolveindefinitelycreatingasourceof funds for the long term;3.Takesstressoffofutilitybudget;4.Doesnoteffectdebt;5.Fundscanbemanagedtohelpfinancea varietyofdifferentprojects.

AGRFusedforthepurposesoffundingefficiencyprojectswouldbeeitherconsideredan“EfficiencyFund”ora“HybridFund”.An“EfficiencyFund”would,according to a research report for the Federation of CanadianMunicipalities,“providecapitaltoenergyand/orwaterefficiencymeasures.Theirbenefitsareinresourcereductionandcostsavings.Efficiencyfundstendtoexpectarelativelyshortpaybackperiodand are typically not used to engage the broader community”.A“hybridfund”targets“resourcereductionandcostsavings,butalsoconsiderscommunityengagementandoutreachgoals.”AhybridGRFcouldfundfutureefficiencyprojectsbutalsocapturethesavingsfromthoseprojectstouseforothernon-efficiencyprojectsinthemunicipality.8Thesameresearchreportliststhefollowingwaystofund GRF’s:1. Selling an asset2. Directing savings from an initiative into a fund3. Issuing a municipal bond4. Variousformsoftaxation5. Municipalcapitalblendedwithprivatecapital6. Municipalborrowingcapabilityleveragedasa source of funds

8SustainabilitySolutionsGroup.GreenRevolvingLoanFundResearchProject:PhaseII.SubmittedforFederationofCanadianMunicipalities.Pg.7.


A. 100% of operations savings go to the fund

B.50%ofoperationssavingstothefundand 50%tomunicipaloperations,

C.75%tothefundand25%tomunicipaloperations; any division of savings is possible.


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GreenRevolvingFundsareanewkindoffundingtechnique,butquicklybecomingpopularamongstmanyacademicinstitutions,includingHarvardUniversityandCarletonUniversity.Thetopicrequiresadditionalresearchandexplanationtocreate,andwerecommendfollowingupwiththeFederationofCanadian Municipalities for more information.

Step 8: Make a plan for accountabilityTheEnergyManagementPlanrequiresanimplementationplanthroughwhichthemunicipalitycaneasilyexecutetheoutlinedenergysavingopportunities and track its progress. Simple changes tofacilitateimplementationinclude:changesinjobdescriptions,committeecreation,andengagementwithstaffandcommunityabouttheenergymanagement strategy. Target setting and vision statements support engagement and accountability by documenting the reasons and goals for managing energy.

Energy Management CommitteeThe Energy Management Committee is responsible forimplementingtheenergymanagementprojectsof the municipality and monitoring their progress. AnEnergyManagementCommitteewouldincludecommunity,staff,andcouncilstakeholders.Insomecases,arepresentativefromeachmunicipaldepartment might make up the Energy Management Committee. The Municipal Climate Change Mitigation PlanGuidefromUnionofNovaScotiaMunicipalitiesrecommendsusingatableliketheonebelowto

assignroles,andassureaccountabilityonbehalfofthe Energy Management Committee.9

Proposed rolesIt can be useful for roles to be assigned or shared betweencertainpeoplefortheEnergyManagementCommittee meetings. A Property Services or PublicWorksDepartmentrepresentativewouldberesponsibleforarrangingenergyefficiencyupgradeswithinthevariousmunicipalfacilitiesandkeepingthe Committee informed of these upgrades and their potential savings and costs. If there are larger projectsthatneeddiscussion,thePropertyServicesManager can bring them to the Energy Management Committee and Municipal Council.AnAccountsPayablepositionwouldworkbestforthefinancialrepresentative,astheycanmakeareporttothecommitteeonthefinancialsavingscapturedthroughefficiencyupgrades.Theycanalsoadviseonbudgetsforenergyefficiencyupgradesandcampaign as needed. A Municipal Council Member’s roleonthecommitteewouldbetoreportbacktoCouncilonenergymanagementprojects.

AlternativesRatherthanstartinganentirelynewcommitteethemunicipalitycouldaddtosomestaffjobdescriptionstocoverthefollowingresponsibilities:1. Overseeing the implementation of the energy efficiencyupgradesoutlinedintheMulti-Year Energy Management strategy

9 Stantec,UNSMMunicipalClimateChangeMitigationPlanGuide,PreparedforUnionofNovaScotiaMunicipalitiesSustainabilityOffice,April2011,pg26.


Table 2: Sample Implementation Plan Table


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2. EnteringutilitybilldataintotheEnergyBaseline ReportSheetseverymonth(totalof1-2hoursa month)3. Reporting back to Municipal Council on the progressoftheMulti-YearEnergyManagement Plan

Step 9: Propose the plan to Council.Beforepresentingtheplantocouncilmakesurethatcouncilors,theChiefAdministrativeOfficer(CAO)andthetownclerkhaveseenandreadtheplan.Thesupport of the CAO and at least one councilor as championisessentialtosuccess.Explainhowthetargetsaresmart,measurable,attainable,realistic,andtimely.Itisalsoimportanttoexplaintheprioritiesandpaybacktimes.Bepreparedwithalternativescenarios to choose from that range in ambition.

Step 10: Track progressTrackhowthemunicipality’senergyreductionendeavoursareprogressingwithsoftwarefromEnergySavingsInc.,meterreadingsandenergybills.TheUnionofNovaScotiaMunicipalities(UNSM)hasalsodevelopedatoolkitfortrackingcorporate energy and emissions that can be found ontheirSustainabilityOffice’swebsite.Engagewithmunicipalstaffandelectedofficialsbypostingprogressinpublic,hightrafficareas.Trackingandsharing progress is part of the engagement piece thatiscrucialtoachievingsignificantenergysavings. Dependingoncapacity,yourmunicipalitycanmaya large or small engagement campaign. A smaller onecouldinvolveposterswithenergyconsumptionand information in public areas. A larger engagement campaigncouldbeacompetitionbetweenbuildingsto reduce energy consumption.

The tracking mechanism developed by the Ecology Action Centre is a simple spreadsheet. The only data

that needs to be entered into the spreadsheets are: kWhconsumed,energycharges,taxesandothercharges. This data can be found on bills from your electric utility. This data automatically populates andupdatesthespreadsheetsandthreedifferentpostersincludedinthesamefile.Thepostersaredescribed in more detail in the “Community and StaffCommunicationsTools”section.Othertrackingmechanisms,suchastheEnergyStarPortfolioManager,areavailable.

Step 11: Engage with staff and publicStudiesandexperiencehaveshownthatengagementwiththepublicandstaffisintegraltoenergyreduction.Engagementencouragesstaffandfacility users to adopt energy conservation practices as part of their daily routines.


Case Study: Town of Bridgewater

Bridgewater developed an Energy Man-agement Program in 2008 to outline how Bridgewater would reduce its energy con-sumption. The 2011 Energy Management Plan for Facilities set a target of 15 per cent below 2008 levels by 2013. Bridge-water has met this target! This energy reduction is equivalent to over $40,000 in energy savings per year. Bridgewater has a Sustainability Planner who oversees the energy management projects as well as other town sustainability projects. Some of the many energy retrofits made in Bridgewater include: solar space heating in the town hall, retrofit of HVAC system in the Town Hall, and a new propane boiler in the Water Treatment Plant.


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Vision StatementA vision statement is important to inspire enthusiasm andworkethicwhenworkingtowardsagoal.Ifyourmunicipalityalreadyhasavisionstatement,itcouldbe useful for your municipality to add a sentence aboutenergymanagement.Alternatively,forthepurposeoftheMulti-YearEnergyManagementPlan,your municipality could consider creating another vision statement focused on energy management.

Community and Staff Communication ToolsAlongwiththetrackingsoftware,wehavepreparedposter templates you can use to keep users of municipalbuildingsawareofenergyefficiencyandconservation.Oneposterbreaksdowntheenergycostsforthemunicipality,anotherbreaksayear’s

consumption into average daily energy consumption per month. The third poster is an infographic comparing a year’s energy consumption to past yearsandkilowatt-hourstomoreeasilyunderstoodexamplesofenergyunits.

Thesepostersrequiredatainputfromtheutilitybills,monthlyorbi-monthly.Trackingenergyconsumptionandengagingwithpublicthroughtheposterscreatedbythesoftwarewillincreaseenergyconservationbehavior in your municipality.

Step 12: Re-evaluateOnce the initial strategy has run its course and yourmunicipalityhasreacheditsgoal,itistimefor

AsampleoftheannualPosterfromtheEnergyTrackingSoftware



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themunicipalitytoevaluateitsenergyefficiencyendeavors.Whatwillthenextphaselooklike?AnexcellentresourceisBCHydro’sEnergyManage-mentPrioritiesSelf-AssessmentTool.10 This tool canbeusedthroughoutthetimelineaswell,tohelpevaluatewhatyourinstitution’snextenergymanagement steps should be. It also helps your municipality assess its ability to organize for energy management and evaluate if there is room for improvement. Suggestions for additions to future energy management plans in municipalities include residentialengagement,watermanagement,andfleetfuelmanagement.

Concluding RemarksThisguideprovidesmunicipalstafforinterestedresidentswithdirectiontomakeenergymanagementa priority and reality for their municipality. Energy managementisacomplextaskbutcanbesimpleifbroken into smaller steps and the right resources are available.

Useful Resources1. From Great Ideas to Great Communities – A

Guide for Implementing Integrated Community SustainabilityPlansinNovaScotia.ProducedbyGolderAssociatesLtdandTheNaturalStepCanadafortheUnionofNovaScotiaMunicipalities’MunicipalSustainabilityOffice.Published in 2013.

2.UNSMMunicipalClimateChangeMitigationPlanGuide.ReportpreparedfortheUnionofNovaScotia Municipalities’ Municipal Sustainability Office.PublishedinApril2011.

3. Green Revolving Funds: An Introductory Guide toImplementation&Management.Preparedby

Concluding Remarks

ICFInternationalfortheSustainableEndowmentsInstitute.PublishedJanuary2013.

4. Federation of Canadian Municipalities’ Partners forClimateProtection.http://www.fcm.ca/home/programs/partners-for-climate-protection.htm.

5.UNSMCorporateEnergyandEmissionsToolkit.ProducedbyNovaScotiaEnergy/ConserveNovaScotia,ServiceNovaScotia&MunicipalRelations,andNovaScotiaEnvironment.2008.http://www.sustainability-unsm.ca/climate-changeenergy-efficiency.html.

NovaScotia,ServiceNovaScotia&MunicipalRelations,andNovaScotiaEnvironment.

2008.http://www.sustainability-unsm.ca/ climate-changeenergy-efficiency.html.

10 BCHyrdo.IndustrialEquipmentReferenceGuides:“CarbonTrustSelf-DirectedAssessment”.https://www.bchydro.com/content/dam/hydro/medialib/internet/documents/power_smart/industrial/carbon_trust_assessment_guide.pdf