gssp table stratigraphy

7/29/2019 GSSP table stratigraphy

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GSSP Table - All PeriodsGlobal Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the International Commission of Stratigraphy

StageAge (Ma)

CGTS 2008GSSP Location

Latitude,Longitude

BoundaryLevel

Correlation Events Status Reference

Phanerozoic Eon

Cenozoic Era

Quaternary System

Holocene Series

Holocene

Stage

0.011784NorthGRIP icecore, central

Greenland

75.1000N

42.3200W

1492.45m depthin Borehole

NGRIP2

Climatic -- End of theYounger Dryas cold spell,which is reflected in a

shift in deuterium excessvalues

Ratified 2008

Episodes 31/2,2008; J.Quaternary Sci.,

Vol. 24 pp. 317,2009

Pleistocene Series

TarantianStage

0.126

Amsterdam-Terminalborehole,Netherlands

52.3792N4.9144E

63.5 m belowsurface

Climatic -- Base of theEemian interglacial stage(= base of marine isotopestage 5e) before finalglacial episode ofPleistocene. Base ofTyrrhrenian regionalstage of Mediterranean

Accepted byICS in 2008, onhold by IUGS

Episodes 31/2,2008

Ionian Stage 0.781

Candidatesections in Italy(MontalbanoJorica or Valle diManche) andJapan (Chiba)

Magnetic -- Brunhes-Matuyama magneticreversal (base of Chron1n)

Anticipated2009

CalabrianStage

1.806 Vrica, Italy39.0385N17.1348E

base of themarineclaystoneoverlying thesapropelicmarker Bed 'e'(MediterraneanPrecessionRelatedSapropel, MPRS176)

Magnetic -- ~15 kyr afterend of Olduvai (C2n)normal polarity chron

Ratified 1985Episodes 8/2, p.116 120, 1985

GelasianStage

2.588Monte SanNicola, Sicily,Italy

37.1469N14.2035E

base of marlylayer overlyingsapropel MPRS250

Magnetic --Matuyama/Gaussboundary (C2r/C2An) is1m below GSSP. GSSPlevel is within MarineIsotope Stage 103.

Ratified 1996Episodes 21/2, p.8287, 1998

Neogene System

Pliocene Series

PiacenzianStage

3.6Punta Piccola,Sicily, Italy

37.2889N13.4933E

base of thebeige marl bedof small-scalecarbonate cycle77 (MPRS 347)

Magnetic -- Gauss/Gilbert(C2An/C2Ar) magneticreversal is recordedimmediately above theGSSP


Zanclean

Stage5.332

Eraclea Minoa,

Sicily, Italy

37.3917N

13.2806E

base of theTrubi Formationwhich

corresponds toInsolation cycle510

Magnetic -- base of theThvera magnetic event(C3n.4n) is only 96 kyr (5precession cycles)younger than the GSSP.

Ratified 2000Episodes 23/3, p.

179 187, 2000

Miocene Series

MessinianStage

7.246Oued Akrech,Morocco

33.9369N6.8125W

reddish layer ofsedimentarycycle number 15

Planktonic foraminiferfirst regular occurrence ofGloborotalia miotumida,and calcareousnannofossil FAD

Amaurolithus delicatus


TortonianStage

11.608Monte dei CorviBeach, near

Ancona, Italy

43.5867N13.5694E

mid-point ofsapropel layer ofbasic cyclenumber 76.

Calcareous nannofossillast common occurrenceofDiscoaster kugleri

Ratified 2003Episodes 28/1, p.6 - 17, 2005

SerravallianStage

13.82

Ras il Pellegrinsection, Fomm Ir-Rih Bay, westcoast of Malta

35.9139N14.3361E

formationboundarybetween theGlobigerinaLimestone andBlue Clay

Oxygen-isotopic event(global cooling episode)Mi3b; near calcareousnannofossil LAD ofSphenolithusheteromorphus

Ratified 2007

LanghianStage

15.97

Potentially inastronomically-tuned ODP core(Leg 154) or inItaly (Moria or LaVedova )

Near planktonicforaminifer FAD ofPraeorbulina glomerosaand top of magneticpolarity chronozoneC5Cn.1n

Burdigalian

Stage

20.43Potentially inastronomically-

tuned ODP core

Near planktonicforaminifer FAD ofGlobigerinoides

altiaperturus or near topof magnetic polaritychronozone C6An

AquitanianStage

23.03

Lemme-CarriosoSection,

AllessandriaProvince, Italy

44.6589N8.8364E

35m from thetop of thesection

Magnetic -- base ofChron C6Cn.2n;planktonic foraminiferFAD ofParagloborotaliakugleri; calcareousnannofossil near LADReticulofenestra bisecta(base Zone NN1);Oxygen isotopic eventMi-1.


Paleogene System

Oligocene Series

Chattian Stage 28.4 0.1

Possibly MonteCagnero,Umbria-Marcheregion, Italy

Potentially extinction ofplanktonic foraminiferChiloguembelina (baseForam Zone P21b); or anisotopic/climatic event

RupelianStage

33.9 0.1Massignano,near Ancona,Italy

43.5328N13.6011E

base of a 0.5mthick greenish-grey marl bed19m abovebase of section

Foraminifer LADHantkenina andCribrohantkenina

Ratified 1992Episodes 16/3,p.379 - 382, 2001

Eocene Series

PriabonianStage

37.2 0.1

Alano section,Piave River;Veneto Prealps,Belluno province,N. Italy

Tiziano Bed

Calcareous nannofossilnear FAD Chiasmolithusoamaruensis (base Zone

NP18)

BartonianStage

40.4 0.2

Contessahighway sectionnear Gubio,Central

Apennines, Italy

Calcareous nannofossilnear LADReticulofenestrareticulata

Lutetian Stage 48.6 0.2

candidate isAgost section,Murcia province,Betic Cordilleras,Spain

Planktonic foraminiferFAD ofHantkenina

YpresianStage

55.8 0.2Dababiya, nearLuxor, Egypt

25.5000N32.5311E

base of Bed 1 inDBH subsection

Carbon IsotopeExcursion base, initiationof basal Eocene Thermal

maximum ("PETM")

Ratified 2003

Micropaleontology49/1, p.41 59,2003; Episodes

30/4, p. 271 -286, 2007

Paleocene Series

ThanetianStage

58.7 0.2Zumaia section,northern Spain

43.3006N2.2594W

30.5m abovethe base ofItzurunFormation

Magnetic -- Base ofChron C26n

Ratified 2008

SelandianStage

61.1 0.2Zumaia section,northern Spain

43.3006N2.2594W

base of the redmarls of ItzurunFormation

Onset of a carbonisotope shift and sea-level drop

Ratified 2008

Danian Stage 65.5 0.3Oued Djerfane,west of El Kef,Tunisia

36.1537N8.6486E

reddish layer atthe base of the50cm thick, darkboundary clay

Iridium geochemicalanomaly. Associated witha major extinctionhorizon (dinosaurs,ammonites, foraminifers,

etc.)


Mesozoic Era

Cretaceous System

Upper Cretaceous Series

MaastrichtianStage

70.6 0.6Tercis les Bains,Landes, France

43.6795N1.1133W

level 115.2 onplatform IV ofthe geologicalsite at Tercis lesBains

Mean of 12biostratigraphic criteria ofequal importance.Closely above is FAD ofammonite Pachydiscusneubergicus. Borealproxy is FAD ofbelemnite Belemnellalanceolata.


CampanianStage 83.5 0.7

candidates are in

southern Englandand in Texas

Crinoid LAD Marsupitestestudinarius

SantonianStage

85.8 0.7

candidates areOlazagutia(Spain) and Ten-Mile Creek(Texas)

Inoceramid bivalve FADCladoceramusundulatoplicatus

ConiacianStage

89.3 1

candidates are inPoland (SlupiaNadbrzena), USA(Pueblo,Colorado), andGermany(Salzgitter-SalderQuarry)

Inoceramid bivalve FADCremnoceramusrotundatus (sensu Trgernon Fiege)

TuronianStage

93.6 0.8Pueblo,Colorado, USA

38.2822N104.7275W

base of Bed 86of the BridgeCreekLimestoneMember

Ammonite FADWatinoceras devonense

Ratified 2003Episodes 28/2,p.93 104, 2005

CenomanianStage

99.6 0.9Mount Risou,Hautes-Alpes,France

44.3925N5.5119E

36 meters belowthe top of theMarnes BleuesFormation onthe south side ofMont Risou

Planktonic foraminiferFAD Rotaliporaglobotruncanoides


Lower Cretaceous Series

Albian Stage 112 1SoutheasternFrance

Candidates include: (1)calcareous nannofossil

FAD ofPraediscosphaeracolumnata (= P. cretaceaof some earlier studies),(2) carbon-isotopeexcursion (black-shaleepisode), (3) ammonite

Aptian Stage 125 1

candidate isGorgo a Cerbara,Piobbico,Umbria-Marche,central Italy

Magnetic -- base ofChron M0r; near FAD ofParadeshayesitesoglanlensis ammonitezone

BarremianStage

130 1.5

candidate is RoArgos nearCaravaca, MurciaProvince, Spain

Ammonite FADSpitidiscus hugii Spitidiscus vandeckiigroup

HauterivianStage

133.9 2

candidate is LaCharce village,Drme Province,southeast France

Ammonite FAD of genusAcanthodiscus(especiallyA. radiatus)

ValanginianStage

140.2 3

candidates arenear Montbrun-les-Bains (Drmeprovince, SEFrance) andCaada Luenga(Betic Cordillera,S. Spain)

Calpionellid FADCalpionellites darderi(base of CalpionellidZone E); followed byammonite FADThurmanniceras

pertransiens

Berriasian

Stage145.5 4

Candidates include: (1)Magnetic -- base ofChron M18r, (2) Base of

Calpionellid zone B, (3)ammonite FAD ofBerriasella jacobi

Jurassic System

Upper Jurassic Series

TithonianStage

150.8 4

candidates areMt. Crussol orCanjuers (SEFrance) andFornazzo (Sicily,S. Italy)

Nearbase ofHybonoticerashybonotum ammonitezone and lowestoccurrence ofGravesiagenus, and the base ofmagnetic polarity ChronM22An

KimmeridgianStage 155.6 4

candidate is

Flodigarry (Isle ofSkye, NWScotland)

57.6000N6.2000W

Ammonite near base of

Pictonia bayleiammonitezone of Boreal realm

Anticipated2009

OxfordianStage

161.2 4

candidates areRedcliff Point(Dorset, SWEngland) andSavouron(Provence, SEFrance)

Ammonite Cardiocerasredcliffense Horizon atbase of the Cardiocerasscarburgense Subzone(Quenstedtoceras mariaeZone)

Middle Jurassic Series

Callovian

Stage164.7 4

candidates arePfeffingen(Swabian Alb,SW Germany)and in Russia

Ammonite FAD of thegenus Kepplerites(Kosmoceratidae)(defines base of

Macrocephalites herveyiZone in sub-Borealprovince of Great Britainto southwest Germany)

BathonianStage

167.7 3.5

Ravin du Bs,Bas-Auran area,

Alpes de HauteProvence,France

43.9606N6.3153E

base oflimestone bedRB07

Ammonite FAD Gonolkiteconvergens (definesbase ofZigzagiceraszigzagZone)

Ratified 2008

BajocianStage

171.6 3

MurtinheiraSection, CaboMondego,Portugal

40.1992N8.9042W

base of Bed AB11

Ammonite FADHyperlioceras mundum,Hyperlioceras furcatum,Braunsina aspera, andBraunsina elegantula

Ratified 1996Episodes 20/1,p.16 22, 1997

AalenianStage 175.6 2 Fuentelsaz,Spain 41.1708N1.8333W base of Bed FZ107

Ammonite FAD Leioceras

opalinum and Leioceraslineatum

Ratified 2000 Episodes 24/3,p.166 175, 2001

Lower Jurassic Series

ToarcianStage

183 1.5Peniche(Portugal)

Ammonite near FAD of adiversified Eodactylitesammonite fauna;correlates with the NWEuropeanProtogrammoceras

paltus horizon.

PliensbachianStage

189.6 1.5

Wine Haven,Robin Hood'sBay, YorkshireCoast, England

54.4069N0.4975W

base of Bed 73bAmmonite association ofBifericeras donovaniand

Apoderoceras sp.Ratified 2005

Episodes 29/2, p.93 106, 2006

SinemurianStage

196.5 1 EastQuantoxhead,SW England

51.1909N3.2364W

0.90 m abovethe base of Bed145

Ammonite FADVermiceras quantoxense,Vermiceras palmeri

Ratified 2000 Episodes 25/1, p.22-28, 2002

HettangianStage

199.6 0.6candidate isKuhjoch section,Tyrol, Austria

47.4839N11.5306E

FAD of first species(Psiloceras spelae) ofPsiloceras ammonitegroup; significantly abovea sharp negative carbon-isotope excursion

Anticipated2009

Triassic System

Upper Triassic Series

Rhaetian

Stage

203.6 1.5

Key sections inAustria, BritishColumbia

(Canada), andTurkey

Near FAD of ammoniteCochloceras, conodontsMisikella spp. andEpigondolella mosheri,

and radiolarianProparvicingulamoniliformis

Norian Stage 216.5 2

Candidates areBlack Bear Ridgein BritishColumbia(Canada) andPizzo Mondello,Sicily (Italy)

Base ofStikinoceras kerriammonoid zone andnear FAD ofMetapolygnathusechinatus within the M.communisticonodontzones

Carnian Stage 228.7 2 Prati di Stuores,Dolomites, Italy

46.5269N11.9303E

base of marlylimestone bed

SW4, 45m frombase of SanCassianoFormation

Near FADs ammonoidDaxatina, conodont"Paragondolella"

polygnathiformis andbivalves Halobia. Justabove base of magneticpolarity zone S2n andabove the maximumflooding surface ofSequence Lad 3 ofHardenbol et al (1998).

Ratified 2008 Albertiana 36,2007

Middle Triassic Series

Ladinian Stage 237 2

Bagolino,Province ofBrescia, NorthernItaly

45.8193N10.4710E

base of a 15 20cm thicklimestone bedoverlying adistinctivegroove(Chiesensegroove) oflimestonenodules in ashaly matrix,located about5m above thebase of theBuchensteinBeds

Ammonite FADEoprotrachyceras curionii(base of the E. curionii

zone). Conodont FADBudurovignathus

praehungaricus is in theuppermost Anisian.


Anisian Stage 245 1.5

Candidatesection at DesliCaira (Dobrogea,Romania);significantsections in

GuizhouProvince (China)and SouthPrimorye(Russia)

45.0742N

28.8022E

In Section B, theGSSP level willbe either theFAD ofconodontChiosellatimorensis at the

base of BedGR7 at ca. 7 m;OR the base ofmagnetozoneMT1n at the 5.7m level.

Conodont FAD Chiosellatimorensis or Magnetic --

base of magnetic polarityMT1n

Anticipated

2009

Albertiana 36,

2007.

Lower Triassic Series

OlenekianStage

249.5 0.7

Candidate GSSPMud (Muth)village, Spiti

valley, northwestIndia

31.9654N78.0246E

base of Bed13A-2, about4.8m up in MikinFormation.,

Section M04(~4000 melevation

Conodont FADNeospathodus waageni,

just above base ofRohillites rohillaammonite zone, andbelow lowest occurrenceofFlemingites andEuflemingites ammonite

genera. Within aprominent positiveCarbon-13 peak, and justabove widelyrecognizable sequenceboundary.

Anticipated2009

Albertiana 36,2007.

Induan Stage 251 0.4Meishan,ZhejiangProvince, China

31.0798N119.7058E

base of Bed 27cin the MeishanD Section

Conodont FADHindeodus parvus


Paleozoic Era

Permian System

Lopingian Series

ChanghsingianStage

253.8 0.7Meishan,ZhejiangProvince, China

31.0819N119.7064E

base of Bed 4a-2, 88 cm above

the base of theChangxingLimestone at theMeishan DSection

Conodont FAD Clarkinawangi

Ratified 2005Episodes 29/3, p.175-182, 2006

WuchiapingianStage

260.4 0.7Penglaitan,Guanxi Province,South China

23.6953N109.3211E

base of Bed 6kin thePenglaitanSection

Conodont FAD Clarkinapostbitteri postbitteri


Guadalupian Series

CapitanianStage

265.8 0.7

Nipple Hill, SEGuadalupeMountains,Texas, U.S.A

31.9091N104.7892W

4.5m above thebase of theoutcrop sectionof the PineryLimestoneMember of theBell CanyonFormation

Conodont FADJinogondolella

postserrata

Ratified 2001

Wordian Stage 268 0.7Guadalupe Pass,Texas, U.S.A

31.8658N104.8328W

7.6m above thebase of theGetaway Ledgeoutcrop Sectionof the GetawayLimestoneMember of theCherry CanyonFormation

Conodont FADJinogondolella aserrata

Ratified 2001

Roadian Stage 270.6 0.7StratotypeCanyon, Texas,

U.S.A

31.8767N104.8768W

42.7m abovethe base of theCutoffFormation

Conodont FADJinogondolella

nankingensis

Ratified 2001

Cisuralian Series

KungurianStage

275.6 0.7candidates are insouthern UralMtns.

Near conodont FADNeostreptognathus pnevi- N. exculptus

Anticipated2009

ArtinskianStage

284.4 0.7candidates are insouthern UralMtns.

Conodont FADSweetognathus whitei

Anticipated2009

SakmarianStage

294.6 0.8

candidate is atKondurovsky,OrenburgProvince, Russia.

Near conodont FADSweetognathus merrelli

Anticipated2009

Asselian Stage 299 0.8

Aidaralash

Creek,Kazakhstan

50.2458N57.8914E

27m above the

base of Bed 19,AidaralashCreek

Conodont FAD ofisolated-nodular

morphotype ofStreptognathodus"wabaunsensis"


Carboniferous System

Pennsylvanian Subsystem (series Classification Approved In 2004)

Upper Pennsylvanian Series

GzhelianStage

303.4 0.9

candidates are insouthern Urals orNashui (southChina).

Conodont FADIdiognathodus simulator(s.str.). Close to FAD ofammonoid Shumardites.

KasimovianStage

307.2 1

candidates are insouthern Urals,southwest USAand Nashui(south China).

Fusulinid FADProtriticites, which isnear ammonoid FADEothalossoceras.

Alternative (higher) baseis fusulinid FADMontiparus montiparus,which is near conodontFAD Idiognathodussagittalis. Age given hereis the higher version; thelower one is about 1 myrolder.

Middle Pennsylvanian Series

MoscovianStage

311.7 1.1

candidates are insouthern Urals orNashui (southChina).

Either conodont FADIdiognathoides

postsulcatus orDeclinognathodusdonetzianus.

Lower Pennsylvanian Series

BashkirianStage

318.1 1.3Arrow Canyon,Nevada

36.7333N114.7778W

82.9m abovethe top of theBattleshipFormation in thelower BirdSpringFormation

Conodont FADDeclinognathodusnoduliferus


Mississippian Subsystem

Upper Mississippian Series (series Classification Approved In 2004)

SerpukhovianStage

328.3 1.6

candidates areVerkhnyayaKardailovka(Urals) or Nashui

(China)

Conodont FAD Lochrieaziegleri

Middle Mississippian Series

Visean Stage 345.3 2.1Pengchong,south China

24.4333N109.4500E

base of bed 83in thePengchongSection

Benthic Foraminifer FADEoparastaffella simplex

Ratified 2008

Lower Mississippian Series

TournaisianStage

359.2 2.5 La Serre, France43.5555N3.3573E

base of Bed 89in Trench E atLa Serre, (butFAD now knownto be at base ofBed 85)

Conodont FADSiphonodella sulcataIMPRECISE (GSSPdiscovered in 2006 tohave biostratigraphicproblems, and can not becorrelated with precision.)

Ratified 1990

Episodes 14/4, p.331-336, 1991;Newsletters onStratigraphy,43/2, p. 195 -205, 2009

Devonian SystemUpper Devonian Series

FamennianStage

374.5 2.6

Coumiac Quarry,near Cessenon,Montagne Noire,France

43.4613N3.0403E

Base of Bed 32a

Conodont FADPalmatolepis triangularis,

just above a majorextinction horizon(Kellwasser Event) withconodont LADs

Ancyrodella andOzarkodina, andGoniatite LADs ofGephuroceratidae andBeloceratidae


Frasnian

Stage385.3 2.6

Col du Puech dela Suque,

Montage Noire,France

43.5032N

3.0868E

base of Bed 42at Col du Puech

de la Suquesection E

Conodont FAD

Ancyrodella rotundilobaRatified 1986

Episodes 10/2, p.

97-101, 1987

Middle Devonian Series

Givetian Stage 391.8 2.7Jebel MechIrdane, Morocco

31.2374N4.3541W

base of Bed 123Conodont FADPolygnathushemiansatus


Eifelian Stage 397.5 2.7Wetteldorf, EifelHills, Germany

50.1496N6.4716E

21.25m abovethe base of theexposedsection, base ofsample stationWP30

Conodont FADPolygnathus costatus

partitusRatified 1985

Episodes 8/2, p.104-109, 1985

Lower Devonian Series

Emsian Stage 407 2.8

Zinzil'ban Gorge

in the Kitab StateGeologicalReserve,Uzbekistan

39.2000N67.3056E

base of Bed 9/5 Conodont FADPolygnathus kitabicus


Pragian Stage 411.2 2.8Velk Chuchle,Prague, CzechRepublic

50.0147N14.3726E

base of Bed 12in VelkChuchle Quarry

Conodont FADEognathodus sulcatussulcatus andLatericriodussteinachensis Morph beta


LochkovianStage

416 2.8Klonk, nearPrague, CzechRepublic

49.8550N13.7920E

within Bed 20Graptolite FADMonograptus uniformis

Ratified 1972IUGS Series A, 5,p. 96-109, 1977

Silurian System

P dol Series 418.7 2.7

Po ry Section,

Reporyje,Prague, CzechRepublic

50.0277N14.3249E

within Bed 96 Graptolite FADMonograptus parultimus

Ratified 1984

Episodes 8/2, p.101-103, 1985;

Geol. Series, Nat.Mus. Wales, 9, p.90 - 100, 1989

Ludlow Series

LudfordianStage

421.3 2.6 near Ludlow, UK52.3592N2.7772W

coincident withthe base of theLeintwardineFormation

Imprecise. May be nearbase ofSaetograptusleintwardinensisGraptolite zone.

Ratified 1980

Lethaia 14;Episodes 5/3, p.21-23, 1982;Geol. Series, Nat.Mus. Wales, 9, p.73 - 90, 1989

Gorstian Stage 422.9 2.5 near Ludlow, UK52.3592N2.7772W

coincident withthe base of theLower Elton

Formation

Graptolite FADSaetograptus(Colonograptus) varians

Ratified 1980

Lethaia 14;Episodes 5/3, p.21-23, 1982;Geol. Series, Nat.

Mus. Wales, 9, p.73 - 90, 1989

Wenlock Series

HomerianStage

426.2 2.4Sheinton Brook,Homer, UK

52.6156N2.5647W

within upper partof the ApedaleMember of theCoalbrookdaleFormation

Graptolite FADCyrtograptus lundgreni

Ratified 1980

Lethaia 14;Episodes 5/3, p.21-23, 1982;Geol. Series, Nat.Mus. Wales, 9, p.51-73, 1989

SheinwoodianStage

428.2 2.3Hughley Brook,UK

52.5811N2.6389W

base of theBuildwasFormation

Imprecise. Between thebase of acritarch biozone5 and LAD of conodontPterospathodusamorphognathoides. Thecurrent GSSP does not

coincide with the base ofthe Cyrtograptuscentrifugus Biozone, aswas supposed when theGSSP was defined.Restudy recommends aslightly higher andcorrelatable level oncondonts -- the Irevikendatum 2, which coincidesapproximately with thebase of the murchisoniGraptolite Biozone

Ratified 1980

Lethaia 14;Episodes 5/3, p.21-23, 1982;Geol. Series, Nat.Mus. Wales, 9, p.51-73, 1989

Llandovery Series

TelychianStage

436 1.9Cefn-cerig RoadSection, Wales,UK

51.9700N3.7900W

within theWormwoodFormation

Just above BrachiopodLAD Eocoelia intermediaand below FAD ofEocoelia curtisi

Ratified 1984

Episodes 8/2, p.

101-103, 1985;Geol. Series, Nat.Mus. Wales, 9, p.36-50, 1989

AeronianStage

439 1.8Trefawr TrackSection, Wales,UK

52.0300N3.7000W

within TrefawarFormation

Graptolite FADMonograptus austerussequens

Ratified 1984

Episodes 8/2, p.101-103, 1985;Geol. Series, Nat.Mus. Wales, 9, p.36-50, 1989

RhuddanianStage

443.7 1.5Dob's Linn,Scotland

55.4400N3.2700W

1.6m above thebase of theBirkhill ShaleFormation

Graptolite FADAkidograptus ascensus

Ratified 1984

Episodes 8/2, p.101-103, 1985;Silurian TimesNo. 14 (2006)

Ordovician System

Upper Ordovician Series

HirnantianStage

445.6 1.5

WangjiawanNorth section, Nof Yichang city,Western HubeiProvince, China

30.9841N111.4197E

0.39m below thebase of theKuanyinchiaoBed

Graptolite FADNormalograptusextraordinarius


Katian Stage 455.8 1.6

Black KnobRidge Section,

Atoka, Oklahoma(USA)

34.4305N96.0746W

4.0m above thebase of theBigfork Chert

Graptolite FADDiplacanthograptuscaudatus


SandbianStage

460.9 1.6Sularp Brook,Fgelsng,Sweden

55.7137N13.3255E

1.4m below aphosphoritemarker bed inthe E14boutcrop

Graptolite FADNemagraptus gracilis


Middle Ordovician Series

DarriwilianStage

468.1 1.6

Huangnitangsection,Changshan,ZhejiangProvince, SEChina

28.8539N118.4897E

base of BedAEP 184

Graptolite FADUndulograptusaustrodentatus


DapingianStage

471.8 1.6

HuanghuachangSection, NE ofYichang city,Hubei Province,S. China

30.8605N110.3740E

10.57 m abovebase of theDawanFormation

Conodont FAD ofBaltoniodus triangularis

Ratified 2007

Episodes 28/2, p.105 - 117, 2005;Episodes 32/2, p.96-113, 2009

Lower Ordovician Series

Floian Stage 478.6 1.7 Diabasbrottet,Hunneberg,Sweden

58.3589N12.5024E

in the lower

Tyen Shale,2.1m above thetop of theCambrian

Graptolite FADTetragraptusapproximatus


TremadocianStage

488.3 1.7Green PointSection, westernNewfoundland

49.6829N57.9653W

at the 101.8mlevel, within Bed23, in themeasuredsection

Conodont FADIapetognathus fluctivagus


Cambrian System

Furongian Series

Stage 10 492

candidate sectionis Duibian(Zhejiang

province, China)

Trilobite FAD ofLotagnostus americanus.

An internal substagedivision might be FAD of

Codylodus adeseiconodont

Stage 9 496

candidatesections atDuibian (Zhejiangprovince, China)and Gonggiri(Korea)

Trilobite FAD ofAgnostotes orientalis

Paibian Stage 499 2

WulingMountains,Huayuan County,NW HunanProvince, China

28.3895N109.5257E

at 396 m in theHuaqiaoFormation

Trilobite FADGlyptagnostus reticulatus

Ratified 2003Lethaia 37, p.365-379, 2004

Series 3

GuzhangianStage

503Louyixi, GuzhangCounty, NWHunan Province,S. China

28.7200N109.9647E

121.3 m abovethe base of theHuaqiaoFormation

Trilobite FAD Lejopygelaevigata

Ratified 2008

Drumian Stage 506.5Drum Mountains,Millard County,Utah, USA

39.5117N112.9915W

at the base of adark-gray thinlylaminatedcalcisiltite layer,62 m above thebase of theWheelerFormation

Trilobite FADPtychagnostus atavus

Ratified 2006Episodes 30/2,p.85-95, 2007

Stage 5 510

candidatesections areWuliu-Zengjiayan

(east Guizhou,China) and SplitMountain(Nevada, USA)

Trilobite, potentially FAD

ofOryctocephalusindicus

Series 2

Stage 4 517Trilobite FAD OlenellusorRedlichia

Stage 3 521 Trilobites -- their FAD

Terreneuvian Series

Stage 2 528Small Shelly Fossils, or

Archaeocyathid species

FortunianStage

542 1

Fortune Head,SENewfoundland,Canada

47.0762N55.8310W

2.4m above thebase of Member2 in the Chapel

IslandFormation

Trace fossil FADTrichophycus pedum

Ratified 1992Episodes 17/1&2,p. 95-100, 1994

Precambrian

Proterozoic Eon

Neoproterozoic Era

EdiacaranSystem

635Enorama Creek,Flinders Ranges,South Australia

31.3314S138.6334E

base of theMarinoan capcarbonate

(1) rapid decay ofMarinoan ice sheets andonset of distinct capcarbonates throughoutthe world, and (2) thebeginning of a distinctivepattern of secularchanges in carbonisotopes.

Ratified 1990Lethaia 39, p.13-30, 2006

CryogenianSystem

850

Definedchronometrically;but will bereplaced byGSSP. Firstglacial episodeoccurred after750 Ma

Ratified 1990Episodes14/2,1991

Tonian System 1000Definedchronometrically


Mesoproterozoic Era

StenianSystem

1200Definedchronometrically


EctasianSystem



CalymmianSystem



Paleoproterozoic Era

StatherianSystem



OrosirianSystem



RhyacianSystem



SiderianSystem

2500

Definedchronometrically,but it will bereplaced byGSSP


Archean Eon

NeoarcheanEra


Subcomm.decision 1996,but notsubmitted to ICS

Informally inEpisodes 15/2,1992

MesoarcheanEra




PaleoarcheanEra




Eoarchean Era 4000 Base is notdefined

Subcomm.

decision 1996,but notsubmitted to ICS


Hadean Eon 4600Formation of planetEarth. Informal term
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