growing berries and small fruits on cape cod
DESCRIPTION
Tips and techniques for growing common berry and small fruit varieties. Suggestions for using berry and shrub plants for habitat and attracting and feeding wild birds.TRANSCRIPT
GROWING BERRIES AND SMALL FRUITS
ON CAPE COD
A “BERRYLICIOUS” SUBJECT!
Nov. 2013
WHAT WE’RE GOING TO TALK ABOUT
Selecting• Good
Varieties for Cape
Planting HarvestingMaintaining• Pruning• Mulching/
Winter Care
Nov. 2013
Mary Lou Roberts, Master Gardener 3
SHOULD I TAKE NOTES?
Nov. 2013
COMMON CROPS ON CAPE COD
Nov. 2013
OTHER “BERRY GOOD” IDEAS
• Other Edible Berries/Small Fruits
• Berries for Habitat
• Berries for Birds
• Berries to Attract Pollinators
Nov. 2013
HOW TO SELECT
• Types of Strawberries• June (Spring) Bearing (mid, early and late)• Crops 2/3 Week Period, Many Runners
• Everbearing• Crops in Spring, Summer, Fall; Few Runners
• Day Neutral• Crop Throughout Growing Season• May Be Harder To Manage for Continuous Productivity
Everbearing and Day Neutral are Especially Good for Containers
Nov. 2013
STRAWBERRY PYRAMID KIT
- June Bearers, Top 2 Levels
- Ever Bearers, Bottom Level
- Flags to Scare Away Birds?
Nov. 2013
HOW TO SELECT
• Extension Agencies Are Often Recommending for Farmers• Overview of Strawberry Varieties -- U Vermonthttp://www.uvm.edu/vtvegandberry/factsheets/strawberryvarieties.html
• Consider• Good Location in Full Sun• Sandy Loam, Good Drainage, Plenty of Organic Matter, pH 5.5 – 6.5
• Don’t Plant Where Certain Vegetables Have Grown• Variety, Flavor, Freezing Quality, Yield
Nov. 2013
WAYS TO PLANT
http://strawberryplants.org/2010/05/growing-strawberries/Nov. 2013
PLANTING DEPTH IS IMPORTANT
http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/dg5625.htmlNov. 2013
HARVESTING
• First Year – Follow Instructions for Variety• That Will Involve Removing All or Most Blossoms
• Then, ENJOY!
Nov. 2013
ONE DAY’S HARVEST
Nov. 2013
ENJOY FRESH OR FROZEN
Nov. 2013
END OF SEASON
Nov. 2013
‘RENOVATE’ THE BED EACH YEARCUT BACK PLANTS, ALL RUNNERS, MULCH
2 Weeks LaterNov. 2013
BLUEBERRIES GROW WELL IN THE
SANDY, ACIDIC SOIL OF CAPE COD
www.farmfresh.org
Nov. 2013
HOW TO SELECT FROM MANY VARIETIES
• At Least 2 Varieties for Cross Pollination, Season Extension• Examples of Recommended High-Bush Varieties• Early—Bluejay, Bluecrop, Blueray, Nelson• Mid-Season - Berkely, Bluecrop, Blueray, Nelson• Late – Coville, Herbert, Jersey, Lateblue• Also Consider – Yield, Berry Size, Hardiness, Growth Habit,
Vigor, Disease Resistance
17Nov. 2013
BAREROOT OR CONTAINER GROWN?
www.knollacresblueberries.com forums2.gardenweb.comNov. 2013
PROTECT FROM BIRDS!
Nov. 2013
Photos Courtesy Mary Ann Buss
AFTER 3 / 4 YEARS PRUNING ESSENTIAL
“Twiggy”
OTHERWISE BECOME BIENNIAL Nov. 2013
http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/1000/1430.html
Nov. 2013
PRUNING
• Late Winter While Plants Dormant• Remove Winter Damage• Remove Older Shoots• Remove 2 or 3 Oldest Shoots at Ground• For Largest Fruit Size, Cut Fruiting Shoots To 4-5 Buds• Heavier Pruning = Shorter Ripening Season• Lighter = Longer Ripening Season
Nov. 2013
BlueberriesAt The Demo Garden
(Falmouth, Fairgrounds)Get Some of Both Pruning
Very Productive, Old Wood
Photo Courtesy Bob BrancaleNov. 2013
Freeze to Enjoy Year-Round
Dry?
Nov. 2013
HOW TO SELECT THE LOCATIONHTTP://WWW.BLUEBERRY.ORG/GARDENING.HTM
• Full Sun or Nearly So• Soil pH of 4.09 to 5• Excellent Drainage• Cross Pollination
Nov. 2013
Raspberries
Are Also Popular
On Cape Cod
Nov. 2013
Photo Courtesy Cheryl Ikasalo
RASPBERRY VARIETIES
• By Color• Red (Gold), Purple, Black• Growth Habit• Erect (Red); Arching (Black) • Summer Bearing – One Crop Early Summer• Fall Bearing – Small Crop Spring, Larger Crop Fall
Nov. 2013
THESE VARIETIES
ARE RECOMMENDED
FOR OHIO
Nov. 2013
http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/1000/1421.html
See Alsohttp://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/DG1108.html
PLANTING
• Early Spring• Soil, Neutral to Slightly Acidic• Red Raspberries Are Generally Planted In Rows• 3’ apart; rows at least 6’ apart• Black Raspberries – 4’ Apart• Tips Will Root if Not Supported
Nov. 2013
A TYPICAL SUPPORT SYSTEM
http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/DG1108.html
Nov. 2013
MY BERRY ROW
Nov. 2013
RON USES
STURDY POSTS,
4” SQUARE WIRE
Nov. 2013
32
Photo Courtest Ron Morissette
CHERYL’S ROW
WITH
STURDY POSTS
Nov. 2013Photo Courtesy Cheryl Ikasalo
STRUCTURE OF A RASPBERRY BUSH
Nov. 2013
http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/1000/1421.html
First Year Cane
Second Year Fruiting Cane
PRUNING DEPENDS ON TYPE OF RASPBERRY
• Summer Bearing• After Harvest Complete, Cut All Floricanes to Ground
• Remove, Dispose (Do Not Compost)• Leave 4 or 5 Primocanes
• Or Leave Until Spring to See Winter Damage• In Spring May Cut These Canes to Just Above Support
• Fall Bearing• For Fall-Only, Cut All Canes to Ground in Late Winter• For Spring + Fall, Follow Instructions for Summer Bearing• Black – Pinch Back for Branching, Remove Bearing Canes After
HarvestNov. 2013
RASPBERRIES HAVE SHALLOW ROOTS
• Cultivate Carefully
•Mulch is Desirable
Nov. 2013
THEY ARE SUSCEPTIBLE
TO A
VARIETY OF DISEASES
Nov. 2013
ANTHRACNOSE, BLIGHT BOTH FUNGAL DISEASES
Nov. 2013
http://ipm.illinois.edu/fruits/diseases/spur_blight/http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/DG1152.html
TO CONTROL FUNGAL DISEASES, POWDERY MILDEW
• Buy Disease-Resistant Varieties• Good Sun, Air Circulation• Remove and Destroy Canes That Have Finished Bearing• Keep Area Clear of Weeds, Especially Wild Raspberries
• Can Apply Sulpher and Copper-Based Fungicides, According to Directions
Nov. 2013
TREATMENT OF VIRAL DISEASES
• Seems No Remedy for Home Gardeners
• Destroy Plants, Replant in Different Location
Nov. 2013
http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/dg1152.html
Mary Lou Roberts, Master Gardener 41Nov. 2013
Pruned and Mulched
Lots of Growth
Hope Springs Eternal!
PRACTICE GOOD HYGIENE, ENJOY THE RESULTS!
Nov. 2013
Harvest From Cheryl’s
Raspberry Patch
One Day in July
BLACKBERRIES ARE
“ROBUST”
GROWERS, BEARERS
Nov. 2013Photo Courtesy Ron Morissette
BLACKBERRIES ARE
AGGRESSIVE!
Nov. 2013
BLACKBERRY VARIETIES
• Thorny Erect
• Thornless Semi-Erect
• Trailing (Both Thorny and Thornless)
Nov. 2013
ONE CROP, TWO CROPS
Nov. 2013
http://noursefarms.com/ Whatley, MA
One Crop on Floricanes
June/July Crop on FloricanesPrimocanes Bear Mid Summer to Fall
THORNS, NO THORNS
Nov. 2013
Photo Courtesy Ron Morissette
PLANTING BLACKBERRIES
• Plant in Early Spring• Full Sun; Slightly Acidic Soil, 5.5 – 7 pH• Upright – 3’ Apart; Rows 8’ Apart• Trailing – 5-8’ Apart; Rows 6-10’ Apart• Fertilize With Balanced Fertilizer in Spring• Roots Also Shallow• Cultivate Carefully, Mulch Well
Nov. 2013
SUPPORTING BLACKBERRIES
Nov. 2013
http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/gardennotes/762.html#Erect
http://sacredhabitats.com/2013/02/24/grow-blackberry-patch/
Mary Lou Roberts, Master Gardener 50
C. L. FORNARI’S DOYLE THORNLESS BLACKBERRYWITH EXTENSIVE SUPPORT SYSTEM
Nov. 2013
FOR BERRIES IN GENERAL
Nov. 2013
BEWARE OF FRIENDSBEARING DISEASED
BERRY PLANTS
REMOVE WILD PLANTS500-600’ IF POSSIBLE
CONCLUDING THOUGHTS ABOUT ‘BIG 4’
• Choose Disease-Resistant Varieties That Are Right for Cape Cod• Strawberries and Blueberries Have Their Own Requirements• Raspberries and Blackberries Have Similar Requirements• Different Varieties of Each Berry Require Different Care• Select Reputable Nurseries, Mail Order Houses• Follow Their Directions• Use Specific Web Searches To Add to Your Store of Knowledge• Lots of Good Videos; Always Consider Source (.org, .edu)
Nov. 2013
SOME MORE EXOTIC BERRIESNOURSE FARM OFFERINGS
Nov. 2013
Pink Champagne Currant(native) Samdal Elderberry
native
Invicta Gooseberry(native)
STILL MORE EXOTIC BERRIESMILLER NURSERIES OFFERINGS (RECENTLY SOLD TO STARK BROS.)
Nov. 2013
Aronia (Black Chokecherry)native
Hardy Kiwi
SeaberryGoji Berry
Mary Lou Roberts, Master Gardener 55
GRAPES GROW WELL PRETTY MUCH EVERYWHERE
Nov. 2013
Do You Have
Experience?
Advice?
Mary Lou Roberts, Master Gardener 56
SOME SMALL FRUITS LIKE FIGS ARE MARGINAL
Nov. 2013
http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/fig.html
My Brown Turkey Fig In November
OTHER WAYS TO USE BERRIES
IN THE HOME LANDSCAPE
Nov. 2013
FOOD FOR BIRDSSEE HTTP://WWW.WILDFLOWER.ORG/ FOR A NATIVE PLANT DATABASE
Nov. 2013
American Beautyberry
Winterberry at C.L.’sOrange front, Red, back
Arrowwood Viburnumhttp://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/v/vibden/vibden1.html
Mary Lou Roberts, Master Gardener 59Nov. 2013
C.L.’s Privet and
Pokeberry/Pokeweed
Poisonous Weed?
ATTRACT POLLINATORSSEE HTTP://WWW.POLLINATOR.ORG/
Nov. 2013
Mountain Ash (Rowan)www.Wikipedia.og
Serviceberryhttp://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/
WILDLIFE HABITAT
Nov. 2013
Holly In Orleans parking lot
Smooth Sumac http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=RHGL#
Avoid Poison Sumac
Hawthornehttp://www.sacredearth.com/ethnobotany/plantprofiles/hawthorn.php
‘EDIBLE’ HEDGE
Nov. 2013
Rosa Rugosa HedgeCommunity of Jesus, Orleans
A Few Other Possibilities
QuincePawpawGoji Berryand Many, Many More!
Mary Lou Roberts, Master Gardener 63
BERRIES, SMALL FRUITS
PROVIDE A LOT OF PLEASURE
AS WELL AS ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
FOR MINIMAL INVESTMENT OF TIME, EFFORT
Nov. 2013
Mary Lou Roberts, Master Gardener 64
THANK YOU!
Nov. 2013