grow your own perennials€¦ · dahlia tubers don't have to be stored during winter in...
TRANSCRIPT
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Grow Your Own Perennials
www.LoveAppleFarms.com
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Welcome to Love Apple Farms
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Please keep talking to a minimum to allow fellow students to get max benefits from class.
What this class doesn't cover:● Growing annuals● Every possible method of plant
propagation ● Grafting ● Long term care for perennials
Class Guidelines
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Today’s Agenda
● General discussion and slideshow on various propagation techniques
● Demo of propagation by division● Go outdoors and fill trays with soil● Go on a perennial cutting excursion● Add cut perennials to your trays ● Break● Discussion on seed propagation● Sow seed trays
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Plant Propagation
The process of creating new plants
● Divisions● Cuttings/Cloning● Seed sowing● Grafting● Layering
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Propagation Influences
● Each plant has specific methods and needs - do your research
● Origin - climate○ Heat mat ○ Where to place in garden
● Non-invasive species, resower?● Time of year ● Vigor and age of mother stock● Gain permission from landowner
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Division
●Easy and reliable●Reinvigorates parent plant Types: ●Crown●Offsets●Runners●Tuber
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Crown Divisions● Clumps of plants are gently pried up with spade forks and roots are
divided by either:○ pulling apart○ cutting with knife or clippers○ 2 spade forks in middle of root ball back to back
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Plants Suitable for Crown Division
● Geranium● Echinacea● Lemon Balm
Hostas Daylilies
Yarrow
Anemone
Jerusalem Sage● Oregano● Chives● List on links list
Rudbeckia
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Offsets or Rosette Divisions● Small, new plants form at base of mother plant● Dividing keeps parent plant vigorous● Separate when new plant is 1/3 of mother plant● Make sure each new plant has enough roots ● Only keep healthy pieces ● The divided parts can be put into pots or planted out in new
locations in garden
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Runners
● Cut runner and transplant ● Ex: Strawberry, Spider plant
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When to Divide● When plant is not in active growth
○ Blooms in spring = divide in fall○ Blooms in fall = divide in spring○ Avoid extreme heat or cold
● When it outgrows its space ● When the plant flops open in the middle -- center dies, new
growth on outer parts to use when dividing ● Early evening ● Every 3 years
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After Care● Add fertility to new transplant site
○ Compost○ Worm castings○ Organic, dry, time-release fertilizer
● Shade cloth for 1 week if it’s hot● Water well
(except succulents)
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Demo: Dividing Chives in 1-Gal Pot
1. Cut back 50% of plant and any dead tissue2. Saw off bottom and sides of roots if mass is very dense3. Knead root ball4. Divide into pieces--not too small or they won't make it5. Transplant into new potting soil6. Water 3 times7. Keep in shade until next day8. Keep in partial shade for 1 week, well hydrated
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Plants Unsuitable for Division
● Root-sensitive plants such as Bougainvillea
● Taproots● Legumes● Lavender, rosemary
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Tuber Division
●Different than bulbs○Tubers have eyes○Tubers are planted in spring (bulbs in
fall)●Should be divided every year
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Tuber Plants
Four 'o Clock DahliaIris
CannaCalla Lily
Rhubarb
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Remove last year's "mother" tuber
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Remove any damaged tubers or tubers with broken or skinny necks
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Remove tubers from clump with clippers, making sure to keep the swollen part that contains the "eyes" attached
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Storing Dahlias
● Dahlia tubers don't have to be stored during winter in Northern California, but it is still recommended
● Dry for 3 - 5 days before storing● Store in 40 - 50 degrees Fahrenheit● Store in newspaper lined box filled with peat moss● If not storing, cut back to ground in late fall & flag
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Cuttings, aka Clones● Taking a piece of the plant (stem, root, leaf) and wounding
it so new roots grow● Stem cuttings: Herbaceous, softwood, semi-hardwood,
hardwood● Dicots only, not monocots
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Difference between Dicot & Monocot
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Choosing the Best Stem Cuttings● Softwood stems should snap - otherwise it's too young, not
enough carbs● Use young plant material● Usually avoid stems with flower buds● Don't take softwood cuttings from dormant plants● Make sure mother stock is healthy
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Stem Cuttings Candidates
Rosemary Succulents Hydrangea
Lavender Pelargonium Salvia
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How to Take Cuttings
● Must be from growing tip -- not leaf
● Take 3" pieces, cutting diagonally on top (above a node) and bottom (below a node)
● Strip off all but top leaves● Cut 50% or more of leaves
that remain
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Preparing Cuttings
● Dip cuttings in diluted bleach solution○ 8 cups water, 1 teaspoon bleach
● Optional: Dip cuttings in rooting hormone, such as Dip N Gro○ Synthetic plant growth hormone ○ Liquid is better than powder○ More important for nursery industry
than home gardeners
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Cuttings Mix● Cuttings need to be kept wet while they root, so a potting mix with
good drainage prevents rotting● Always use new, sterile mix ● Bottom of cuttings should be at least 1/2" from bottom of pot
where water can collect● Push mix down around stem cuttings to ensure contact between
stem and mix
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After Care for Cuttings● Week 1 & 2: Water daily and keep in shade ● Week 3 & 4: Move to dappled shade
○ Under tree○ Shade cloth
● Bottom heat increases rooting chances (68 - 70 degrees Farenheit)
● Most plants root within 4 weeks● Week 5 - 8: Move to sun, keep hydrated and pot up at
Week 8 or when plant outgrows pot
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Now let's go outside, fill our soil trays and take some cuttings
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Perennial Propagation by Seed Sowing●Trickier than annual plants (like veggies)●Each plant has specific germination needs
○Temperature - heat mat will increase germination rates
○Darkness vs light○Scarification○Stratification○Soaking
●Always start seeds in new potting mix●Viability●Storage - cool and dry
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Seed Sources
● Renee's Garden● Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds● Seed Savers Exchange● New England Seed Co.● Snow Seed● Johnny's Seeds
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Seed Sowing Instructions
● Don't poke seeds into soil or make a divot - sprinkle on flat mix surface
● Only sow number of seeds per cell listed on package - more will be competing for space
● Space seeds apart evenly● Half labels, pencil only, push label in so it contacts bottom
of flat● Don't make labels until seed is in hand for that variety● Only have 1 container or packet open at a time
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seed seed to sow
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Seedling Tray Care
● Flat care instructions will be in links list email ● Water flat 3 times and cover with plastic● Optimal temperature: 70 degrees ● Check under cover daily ● Once first seed sprouts, cover needs to be removed● Keep moist until all seeds sprout● Immediately put tray in sun once first seeds sprout
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Seedlings Require 4 Things
●Adequate light ●Adequate air flow ●Adequate warmth
●Proper moisture
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Potting Up Seedlings● Separate the plants into onesies or twosies.● Pot up into a 3" pot● Once it grows on, divide again if both twosies grow well.● Pot up each plant into gallon pot● Use G&B Blue Ribbon Blend potting soil
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Care of Potted up Seedlings
● Put transplants outside in sun ● Fertilize transplants (not cuttings) with liquid organic
fertilizer at once a week (half strength dilution)
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Seeds to Sow TodayEdible Perennials
● Garlic Chive (flat leaf)● Staro Chive (round leaf)● Sweet marjoram● Common sage● Winter savory● Hyssop● Sorrel● Salad burnet● New Zealand Spinach● Lemon Grass● Creeping Thyme● Regular Thyme● Peppermint● Tarragon● Stevia● Summer Savory● Rosemary● Lemon Balm
Ornamentals ● Catnip● Valerian● Lavender - munstead● Salvia mix● Border Dahlias● Butterfly Bush
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Upcoming Classes at Love Apple
● Backyard Chicken-Keeping - July 26 ● Pickling - July 27
● Pizza from Scratch - Aug 2
● Winter Vegetable Gardening - Aug 10 or Sept 28
● Using a Pressure Cooker - Aug 17
● HOW-Day Kitchen Skills - Aug 24
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Available in our Farm Store Today
● G&B Blue Ribbon Blend● G&B Liquid Organic Fertilizer● Spade Forks● Saboten Clippers● Pot & Tray Sets● Heat Mats