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Groups of the Periodic Table

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Groups of the Periodic Table. Valence Electrons. The electrons in the OUTERMOST energy level of the atom. These are the electrons furthest from the nucleus. They determine the element’s reactivity and bonding patterns. Hydrogen & Helium. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Groups of the Periodic Table

Groups of the Periodic Table

Page 2: Groups of the Periodic Table

Valence Electrons

The electrons in the OUTERMOST energy level of the atom. These are the electrons furthest from the

nucleus. They determine the element’s reactivity

and bonding patterns.

Page 3: Groups of the Periodic Table

Hydrogen & Helium

They are different from the other elements, because their TOTAL ELECTRONS are their VALENCE ELECTRONS. H has 1 total electron- it is its valence

electron He has 2 total electrons- they are its

valence electrons.

Page 4: Groups of the Periodic Table

Alkali Metals

Located in Group I Soft/easy to cut HIGHLY REACTIVE (air & water) 1 valence electron (s1)

Page 5: Groups of the Periodic Table

Alkaline Earth Metals

Located in Group II Exhibit all properties of metals

PLUS: Two valence electrons s2

Very reactive

Page 6: Groups of the Periodic Table

Transition Metals

Located in the middle block Shiny/good conductors Less reactive than the other metal

groups D orbitals are filled

Page 7: Groups of the Periodic Table

Halogens

Located in Group VII Specific group of nonmetals MOST REACTIVE NONMETALS Seven valence electrons (s2p5) Like to react with alkali metals and

alkaline earth metals to form salts May be solid, liquid or gaseous

element

Page 8: Groups of the Periodic Table

Noble Gases

Located in Group VIII “Inert gases”- nonreactive Eight valence electrons (s2p6)

Page 9: Groups of the Periodic Table
Page 10: Groups of the Periodic Table

Periodic Law

Many of the physical and chemical properties of elements repeat periodically when arranged by atomic number.

Page 11: Groups of the Periodic Table

Laws

Generalizes many observations EXPLAIN

Does not address WHY

Page 12: Groups of the Periodic Table

Theory

Summarizes a group of hypotheses that have been supported with repeated testing Can be changed Explains WHY

Page 13: Groups of the Periodic Table

Why is the “periodic law” considered a law and not a theory?


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