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8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version

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Factory FarmingEngr 183EW


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Xiaosong Shi, Liren Yin, George Wang, Yanxin Li, Bolun HuJiawen Feng

Introduction


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Outline: Factory Farming

Background

Diseases

Farmers Perspectives andCollective Interests

Technical Issues and Technical Solutions

Ethical Analysis and

Non-technical solutions

Food Quality

Bolun Hu

Jiawen Feng

Liren Yin

Xiaosong Shi

George Wang

Yanxin Li


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The beginning of Factory farming1920s

Factory Farm: a centralized unit forfood-producing animal cultivation

Poultry farms were the first type offactory farm

Sea food factory farm, Livestock factoryfarm

Animals living in tiny, dimcompartments

Lack of sunlight and outdooractivities

Initial solution: release animals fromcompartments periodically


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Discovery of Vitamin A and D

Vitamin ACritical nutrient for animalseyesight, skin tissue, nerve cells

Symptoms

Chicken especially sensitive toVitamin A deficiency

Decrease in laying rateSuppressed immunity

Decrease in hatchability


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Discovery of Vitamin A and D

Vitamin D (SunshineVitamin)

Increase absorption rate ofcalcium and phosphor

Facilitate bone calcification,egg shell formation

Lack of Vitamin D

Pigs particularly sensitive toVitamin D deficiency

Rickets

Decrease in growth speed

As a result, sunshine andoutdoor exercises no longernecessary.But problems come


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Development of Antibiotics1940s

Problem with animals indoor all year:

Animals living in close

Infectious diseases spread quickly &

hard to stopFinancial losses

Solution: Antibiotics

Panacea for bacterial diseasesNon-therapeutic use of antibiotics

Foundation for later mass production


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Development: Mass production (1940spresent)

Mechanization and assembly line

Concept initially introduced by Henry Ford

Advantage:

simple task -> unskilled labor

lower operation cost

speed up the slaughter process

Shorter production cycle -> more profits

Problems:

Cause great pain and suffering to animals

Workers susceptible to illness due to successive contact with animals

Injury due to the fast moving assembly line (9000 deaths so far)


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Today: Genetic Engineering (1970s

present)

Genetically modified animals

Advantage of Gene Technology

Financial Benefits

Ethical and Moral issues

Should we manipulate animals DNA simply to satisfy our own

needs?

Does animal have the right to evolve naturally?


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DiseasesJiawen Feng


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Pigs, become aggressive in tight, and bite each others tail

In response, factory farmers cut the tails

Because of the special formation of pigs, they cannot remove manure

Result in skeletal deformities of the legs and feet

Diseases in Pigs


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Pneumonia in Pigs Ammonia and other gases from the manure

irritate animals lungs, making them susceptible

to pneumonia.

Statistic: pneumonia found in lungs of 65% of34,000 hogs they inspected


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Glasser disease- swine (Haemophilus parasuis)- pleuritis and fibrin deposits

Other diseases in Pigs

H1N1 in Pigs

.


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Diseases in Chickens

Aggregation of chickens Mass demand of chicken breasts and eggs Cannot even stretch their wings


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Mareks is caused by a Herpes virus.

can survive for long periods of time in the

environment.

in feather dust it can survive on a farm for at

least 12 months and it is this problem which

leads to it being so common.

Mareks disease


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Eggs Safer?

Salmonellosis

The bacteria can actually be passed on from the hen to

the egg

Symptoms of salmonellosis may include stomach cramps,

vomiting, fever

Staphylococcus aureus (Staph)

Bacteria makes poison that causes the illness

Symptoms include nausea, in severe cases people may

experience changes in their blood pressure or pulse rate.

Chicken Egg Diseases


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Factory farms chain veal calves around the neck to prevent them from

turning around, to make their flesh tender.

Total darkness during their 4-month lives

Iron deficient diet

Pale color meat prized better for market

Diseases in Cows


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they must grow seven-fold in the next twenty-five years for profits in market.

Fish are also raised in small, confined areas, having many debilitating diseases and clearnegative effects on the health of the fish.

Prior to slaughter, fish are often starved for up to a week.

Pfiesteria piscicida in fish

Fish DiseasesAquatic animals are also raised in farmsthese days, with factory farming, oraquaculture, providing 30 percent of annualglobal seafood production.


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Diseases directly related to human:

Cardiovascular disease Diabetes

All nature aspects are stripped Animal products contain no fiber

and almost no complex carbohydrates

Pesticides in humans Each years uses about 3 million tons of pesticides in farms Formulated about 1600different chemicals Lacking complete toxic data


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Farmers Perspectives

V.S. Collective Interest


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3000 People participated the latest NPR-Truven Health Analytics Health Poll

Hows the amount of meat people have eaten chcanged


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http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/06/27/155837575/why-theres-less-red-meat-served-on-many-american-plates


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Benefits from Factory Farming

Low rent

High Productivity

Less labors hiring


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http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/06/27/155837575/why-theres-less-red-meat-served-on-many-american-plates

The food quality

Animals Feeling

Collective Interest


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The Proof of Animals Feeling

When heifers have their preferred partner with them, their stress

levels in terms of their heart rates are reduced compared with if

they were with a random individual.

-Krista McLennan


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Elephants became emotional when

they met old friends coming back

from circus after 25 years


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Its inhumane to keep animals in gestation crates

Photo shot by The Humane Society of the United States in

Smithfield Food Co.


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Smithfield Foods Stop using Gestation

Crates Under Social Pressure


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Chickens Are Suffering Their Own

Bodies


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Technical Issues

Groundwater Depletion

Economic Cost

Environment Pollution


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Animal Water Use (Gallons)

Animal Gallons per day per unit

Milking cows 35

Chicken 0.09

Turkeys 0.15

sheep or goats 2

Horse or ponies 12Milkhouse and Parlor Water Use (Gallons)

Sprinkler cooling per animal 20

Cow preparation 3

Milking system Clean-in-Place 18

Milkhouse floor 17

Holding area 15

Parlor 20

Factory farming is the majority water consumer

Concentration of factory farmsHuman Water Use (Gallons)

Drink water 0.5

Clother Washer 23

Dishwasher 4.5

Shower 5

Toilet 1.6

Extension.psu.edu/natural-resources/water/drinking-water/best-practices/water-system-planning-estimating-water-use


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Solution:

1. Get water from different source

Build water tower to store rain

Recycle used water

2. Relocation factory farms

Well distributed

Build more pipelines to get water from different place


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Economic CostCost of transportation

1. Transfer animals to slaughterhouse, and then supermarkets

2. Animals die in the way to slaughterhouse

Public services maintenance

1. Cities must provide public services near factory farms in case of emergency

2. Cost of maintaining public services is expensive

Cost to maintain a fire department

Firefighter 26 per hour

Fire Chief 75 per hour

Fire Engine 150 per week

Fire Truck 250 per week

Staff Car 100 per week

1 Truck Company (2 Firefighters, 1 Officer) 333 per hour

www.icgov.org/site/CMSv2/file/fire/AppendixGP-023-02IICFDResponseCharges.pdf


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Economic Cost

Solution:

1. Relocate factory farms closer to slaughterhouses and

cities

2. Build more slaughterhouse


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WaterPollution

Land Pollution

Air Pollution

www.seco.cpa.state.tx.us/energy-sources/biomass/manure.php


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Solution

1. Build closed surface and more stable manure lagoon

2. Burn gases for cooking or heating

3. Plant more trees

www.blackdiamondmeats.com/blog/


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Ethical Analysis

Why are frameworks applicable?


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Animal Ethics: Framework Review

Utilitarianism:Central Tenet: Greatest value for the greatestnumber

Universality Principle:Action can only be morally acceptable if thataction can be made into a universal action

Reciprocity Principle:

Action is considered immoral if it uses a human as a meansto an end, rather than an end in itself

Moral Autonomy- People should have option to independentlydecide


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Animal Ethics: Applicability

of FrameworksDo the frameworks apply to animals?

Animal Values? Animals as an means?

Figure 1: Human child andChicken Child (Krikorian

2009)


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Animal Ethics: Yes, Animals

are CoveredFrameworks are based on

belief that a persons worth

is based on ability to reason

Animals have shown that

they too reason

So they also have worth and

frameworks apply


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Utilitarianism

Benefit:

Society gets cheaper food

Business profit

Cost:

Animals Suffer

Workers suffer

Communities suffer


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Utilitarianism: Workers

Figure 2: Factory Farm worker (Rosenberg 2013)

Crowded,dimly lit

Over 9,000workerdeaths since

1992

Utilit i i


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Utilitarianism:

Communities

Figure 2: Waste Lagoons (Spetz 2014)

Massive lagoon ofanimal waste

Releases noxiousHydrogen sulfide

gas

Flooding


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Utilitarianism: AnimalsAnimals forced into

small spaces

Not allowed to leave

cages

Conclusion:

Factory farming not

ethical

Figure 3: Chicken (Spetz 2014)


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Reciprocity Principle

Current regulations

reliable?

Workers and

customers treated as ameans, not an end

Peoples MoralAutonomy not

respected!!

Figure 4: Labels

U i lit


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Universality:

EnvironmentUniversalize pollutingcaused by factory farms?

Universalize massive

suffering by animals?

Conclusion: Factory

Farming unethical!

Figure 5: Dead and deformedanimal pile (Spetz 2014)


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Universality PrincipleCan eating other organisms be universalized?

Yes, But.

Can using animals in the conditions of factoryfarming be universalized?

Figure 6: Food web(Gibson 2012)


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Solutions

Return to traditional

farms as best solution

Stringent regulations:

Labeling

Working conditions

Disposal of waste

Figure 7: Australian Regulation(Emmanuel 2014)


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Quality of FoodOrganic and Genetically Modified


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Organic Food

Must be raised oncertified organic land

Must be fed certifiedorganic feed

No antibiotics orgrowth hormones


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Advantages:

Organic produce contains fewer pesticides.

Fresh food tastes better.

Good for environment.

Antibiotic and hormones Free

Disadvantages:

Too expensive

Too long period

Cannot meet the large demand

Organic Food


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Genetically Modified Food

Advantages

Vs.Disadvantages


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Genetically Modified Food

Advantages:

E.X. Genetically modified corn

Taste Better

Diseases Resistance

Save Space

Shorter Time


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Disadvantages:

E.X. Chicken Farm of KFC

Un-natural way of producing

Antibiotic Resistance

Irreversible Process


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Chicken are GENETICALLY MODIFIED with hormones, corn pills,

and drugs so they become LARGER FASTER

Result: they CRIPPLE under their own weights

Result: One out of three kids born after the year 2000 is OBESE.

Consuming all these hormones, drugs, antibiotics

Genetically

Modified Food


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Conclusion

Diseases : Better living environmentAntibiotics not enough

Farmers Perspective vs. Collective Interests:Increasing population in the world drive the huge demand of meat

Conflict

Collective interest focus on animals feeling

Technical Issues:Groundwater depletionEnvironmental contamination

Technical Solutions

Non-technical Solutions

Regulations by federal and FDA

Standards by National Government

Ethical Frameworks:DeontologyUtilitarianism

Food Quality:Organic FoodGMO Food


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Bibliography

1. Krikorian, E., 30 July 2009"Vegan Soapbox." Equal orNot. N.p.

2. Rosenberg, Martha., 26 Dec. 2013 "6 Crimes Against

Nature in Factory Farming (Pt. 1)." The Huffington Post.TheHuffingtonPost.com.

3. Spetz, Ali., 2 Apr. 2014 "Global Warming: Factory Farms -Global Solutions Pittsburgh." Global Solutions PittsburghRSS. N.p.

4. Gibson, Cianna. , 26 Nov. 2012. Web, Cianna GibsonScience 10 Ms. Ward." : Food Web's Worksheet. N.p.


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Q&A

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