Determining Appropriate

Instructional Approach, Methods and Techniques

Different Approach and Methods

Instructional Strategies

Direct Instruction

highly teacher-directed and is among the most commonly used. The direct instruction strategy is effective for providing information or developing step-by-step skills. This strategy also works well for introducing other teaching methods, or actively involving students in knowledge construction

Indirect Instruction

In contrast to the direct instruction strategy,indirect instruction is mainly student-centered,although the two strategies can complement eachother. Examples of indirect instruction methodsinclude reflective discussion, concept formation,concept attainment, close procedure, problemsolving, and guided inquiry.

Interactive Instruction

relies heavily on discussion and sharing

among participants. The interactive instructionstrategy allows for a range of groupings andinteractive methods. These may include totalclass discussions, small group discussions orprojects, or student pairs or triads working onassignments together.

Experiential Learning

is inductive, learner centred, and activityoriented. The emphasis in experiential learningis on the process of learning and not on theproduct. Personalized reflection about anexperience and the formulation of plans toapply learning to other contexts are criticalfactors in effective experiential learning

Independent Study

refers to the range of instructional

methods which are purposefully provided tofoster the development of individual studentinitiative, self-reliance, and self-improvement.Independent study can also include learning inpartnership with another individual or as part ofa small group.

Effective Instructional Technique

Motivationthe process of arousing and sustaining

interest in an activity in order to achieve goal.

How to Motivate Student

Praise Students in Ways Big and SmallExpect ExcellenceSpread Excitement Like a VirusMix It UpAssign Classroom JobsHand Over Some Control

Relating Lessons to Students’ LivesTrack ImprovementReward Positive Behavior Outside the ClassroomPlan dream fieldtrip

1.The environment can be used to focus the students attention on what need to be learned.

2.Incentives motivate learning3.Internal motivation is longer lasting and more

self-directive than external motivation.

4. Learning is more effective when an individual is ready to learn.5. Motivation is enhanced by the way in which the instructional material is organized.

DiscussionThe primary goal in any discussion is to enhance the understanding of a common topic.It involves the sharing of ideas, information, experience, reactions, and opinions of the class.

A Discussion Can Begin With The Following:

A broad, open-ended question to stimulate thoughtA specific problem to analyzeA controversial topic

Discussions are enhanced if the Instructor does the Following:

Allows students time to reflect and prepare in advanceGives encouragementAllows students time to think before answering and allows students to pause while answering without interruptingAddresses students by namePromotes openness, honesty, interaction and acceptance of other viewpointsDraws on students skills and experiences

Discussions can provide the instructor with feedback about student learning and are a way to achieve affective objectives. Encouraging students to be more active participants in their learning through interaction with the course content and with others can increase their motivation and mastery of the material.

In addition, discussion can occur through various models and methods, including panel discussion, symposium discussion, debate, experience discussion, directed discussion, role playing, and brainstorming.

Characteristics of Teaching Methods

Interactive – you make learners interact with you.Innovative – you introduce new teaching method.Integrative – you connect your lesson to one another.Inquiry – based – you ask questions and learners look for answer.Collaborative – you make learners work together.Constructivist – you make learners construct their own knowledge.Varied – you don’t just stick in one teaching method.Experiential – learners engage in different activitiesMetacognitive – you make learners think about their cognitive and thought process.Reflective – you make student reflect on what they have learned.