Gross anatomy of lungs/pleura and mediastinum-1

ByProf. Dr. Ansari

Chairperson & Prof. AnatomyRAKCODS.

The pleura is a serous membrane

• That covers the lungs.• There are two layers of pleurae.• Parietal layer lines the thoracic wall, it is pain

sensitive.• Visceral layer is pain insensitive, it lines the

surfaces of lungs, at hilum it forms pulmonary ligament around the hilum of lungs.

• The space between the two layers is filled with pleural fluid.

Costal/pulmonary pleurae

The mediastinum• It is a median septum/space

between the two lungs.• The mediastinum is divided

by an imaginary plane passing through the sternal angle, into superior mediastinum and inferior mediastinum.

• The inferior is further divided into anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum.

• The heart and pericardium lies in the middle mediastinum.

The lungs are respiratory organs

• Situated in the thoracic cavity, the trachea divides at the level of sternal angle into primary bronchi that enters the hilum.

• Right lung is having 3 lobes, horizontal and oblique fissures.

• Left lung is having two lobes, with oblique fissure, lingula is a part of superior lobe anteriorly, a tongue like extension.

Right lung

Left lung

Each lung has

• An apex• A base• Medial surface/mediastinal

surface having hilum• Sternocostal surface• And diaphragmatic surface

Structures in the hilum of lung

• Primary bronchus• Pulmonary artery• Pulmonary veins• Lymph nodes• Bronchial vessels• Pulmonary plexus

Left lung hilum

• 1. Apex of lung• 2. pulmonary vein• 3. cardiac impression• 4. pulmonary ligament• 5.lingula segment of superior

lobe of left lung• 6. diaphragmatic surface• 7.aortic impression• 8.pulmonary arteries• 9. primary bronchus• 10.oblique fissure

ReferencesEssential Clinical Anatomy- Keith Moore pages 68-80 • http://

www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/119387/Medial-view-of-the-right-lung

• http://academic.amc.edu/martino/grossanatomy/site/NURSES/Self%20Quiz/Heart%20and%20Lungs/Left%20Lung.htm

• http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/anatomy2010/html/quizzes/practical/lung_practical/q2.html

• http://wberesford.hsc.wvu.edu/Thorax206.htm