grid integration plant and turbine ctlcontrols...
TRANSCRIPT
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GE Energy
Wind Plant Systems• Grid Integration• Plant and Turbine
C t lControls• SCADA
Mahesh MorjariaM Wi d Pl t S t Pl tf
Adopted forWind Power Management class
http://www icaen uiowa edu/~ie 155/Manager, Wind Plant Systems Platform http://www.icaen.uiowa.edu/ ie_155/by
Andrew KusiakIntelligent Systems Laboratory
2139 Seamans CenterThe University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa 52242 – [email protected]
Tel: 319-335-5934 Fax: 319-335-5669http://www.icaen.uiowa.edu/~ankusiak
Agenda
• Grid Friendly Wind Planty
• Wind Plant Controls
• SCADA System
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Does not trip during Faults and other System Disturbances … ride through capability
Regulates Plant Voltage and Power
What makes a Wind Plant “Grid Friendly”?
Regulates Plant Voltage and Power
Limits the Rate of Change of Power from Variations in Wind Speed … Ramp Rate Control
Reacts to Changes in Grid Frequency … Frequency Droop
C t l th I ti d R l f L P Controls the Insertion and Removal of Large Power Blocks … Startup and Shutdown Control
Provides Reactive Power When Needed … Wind Free Reactive Power
GE's Standard WindRIDE-THRU Offerings
40
60
80
100
120
tag
e a
t P
oin
t o
f o
nn
ect
ion
(P
erc
en
t)
LVRT ZVRT
Grid Fault Tolerance
Low Voltage Ride Through> Required by grid codes> Improves gearbox life
0
20
40
-1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Time (seconds)
Vo
ltIn
terc
o
200 ms
> Improves gearbox life
Zero Voltage Ride Through> Required by FERC after 12/31/07> New controls for unbalanced faults> GE 1.5 and 2.5 will comply
Fault Recovery
0.9
0.8
1.0
1.2
us V
olta
ge (p
u)
Voltage recovery of the wind farm is better
Mahesh Morjaria #4March 3, 2009
Unbalanced line-to-line fault
X
Fault Recovery> Voltage recovery better than conventional
generator
15 20 25
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Tran
smiss
ion
Bus
0
50
100
150
200
250
Tota
l Pla
nt P
ower
(MW
)
Synchronous Generator swings dramatically
Time (seconds)
GenX
Grid
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Low Voltage Ride Through Capability
Low voltage ride through (LVRT) is a turbine capabilityLow voltage ride through (LVRT) is a turbine capabilitywhen the voltage in the grid drops due to a fault or load change in the grid.
The severity of the voltage dip is defined by the voltage level during the dip (may go down to zero) and the duration of the dip.
Depending on the application the device may, during and after the dip, be required to: Disconnect temporarily from the grid but reconnect and continue
Mahesh Morjaria #5March 3, 2009
Disconnect temporarily from the grid, but reconnect and continue operation after the dip
Stay operational and not disconnect from the grid Stay connected and support the grid with reactive power
Power Droop
When circuit activity changes abruptly it can cause a sudden dropWhen circuit activity changes abruptly, it can cause a sudden drop or rise in power supply voltage. This change is known as power droop and is an instance of power
supply noise. Power droop can cause an IC to fail. Such failures should be screened during testing Evaluation of the worst-case power drop by accumulating the high- and low-frequency effects.
Mahesh Morjaria #6March 3, 2009
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Voltage at POI
Voltage RegulationActual measurements from a
162MW wind plant• Regulates Grid Voltage at
Point of InterconnectionAverage Wind Speed
Wind Plant Power Output
Wind Plant Voltage
• Minimizes Grid Voltage Fluctuations Even Under Varying Wind Conditions
Generator MainTransformer
45 mi.34.5kV
POI
Wind Turbine kW
kVAR
230kV
Substation
Mahesh Morjaria #7March 3, 2009
Average Wind Speed
Voltage RegulationLike A Conventional Power Plant
TransformerConverter
Control WFMS
kW
kVAR
Active Power Controls
Typical Grid Requirements
R0.600
0.800
1.000
1.200Curtailment Example
Turbines
> Ramp rates
> Power curtailment
> Power droop w/ frequency
Power Droop Test
0.000
0.200
0.400 Available Power
Actual Power
Shutdown Ramp Test
2% Frequency Increase
Mahesh Morjaria #8March 3, 2009
Pow
er (
kW)
Power Ramping
Down
Turbines Transitioning
Offline
50% Power Reduction
Po
wer
(kW
)
Fre
qu
ency
(H
z)
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WindFREE Reactive Power
• Wind Turbine converter can deliver reactive power (kVAR) without wind (kW)
• Benefits weak grids and systems with high wind penetration
• Voltage support continues without active power generation … even following trips
Mahesh Morjaria #9March 3, 2009
Reactive Power - even without wind
Agenda
• Grid Friendly Wind Planty
• Wind Plant Controls
• SCADA System
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Wind Plant SCADA System
• Real-time operational control of each turbine & complete Wind Plant
• Historical data base with comprehensive reporting system including Production and Wind reports
• Secure User Access
Mahesh Morjaria #11March 3, 2009
• Secure User-Access, intuitive Operation & Maintenance tool
Tools to operate, maintain and manage the wind plant
RM&DRCC
Turbines
VP 2.x
Turbine ControlB h PLC & PC
VP 2.x
Wind Plant Systems Key Components
WindSCADAEthernet Network
Customer System
OPCODBCWindCONTROLTM
• Plant Level Control• Grid Mgmt• Plant Optimization• Intermittency Mgmt
• Real Time Viewer• Reporting System
R t A
• Bachmann PLC & PC• Controller S/W• VisuPro S/W
Mahesh Morjaria #12March 3, 2009
SubstationMet Mast
Remote User
• Remote Access
• Web-based SCADA• Replace PC• MkVIe Platform
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Plant Level SCADA System
Mahesh Morjaria #13March 3, 2009
Plant Level SCADA System
Mahesh Morjaria #14March 3, 2009
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3.X Reporting System – Advanced Reports
Next Gen Reporting Higher level processing …
actionable information Web based Reporting Scheduled Reports Multiple Language
C bl
Tabular listing of park efficiency variables with units in column headers
Park Efficiency Report Sample Ver 1.vsd
Capable
Park Efficiency Report
Mahesh Morjaria #15March 3, 2009
Pareto chart of trip events
Provides trip counts, outage duration and lost energy
Operational Reports• Operational Data• Meter Reading• Plant Efficiency• UPE Due to Curtailment• Performance
Web Based Reporting System – Available Reports
Time period of report
Scatter plot of actual power versus reference power Data points for power curve
are segmented into bins. The bins are organized in 0.5 m/s increments with the center point in the Bin column. For example, the first bin is 1.75 – 2.25 m/s.
• Grid• Power Curve Line Plot• Power Curve Line Plot Comparison• Power Curve Scatter Plot• Power Curve Scatter Plot (Min/Max)• Wind Speed Distribution
Maintenance Reports• Historian Data Coverage• Event Log• Event Pareto
Wind speed (m/s) of data point
Power (kW) of data point
Site reference power (kW) for that wind turbine at that bin wind speed.
Minimum 10-minute averaged power (kW) for the data points at that bin wind speed.
Maximum 10-minute averaged power (kW) for the data points at that bin wind speed.
Mahesh Morjaria #16March 3, 2009
• Fault Analysis• Command Log• Parameter Change• Inverted Input• VP/Bachmann PLC Comm Loss• Parameter Values
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Operational Reports• Operational Data• Meter Reading• Plant Efficiency• UPE Due to Curtailment• Performance
Web Based Reporting System – Available Reports
Time period of report
Data points configured in report
Line graph of 10-minute averages for configured data point in report• Grid
• Power Curve Line Plot• Power Curve Line Plot Comparison• Power Curve Scatter Plot• Power Curve Scatter Plot (Min/Max)• Wind Speed Distribution
Maintenance Reports• Historian Data Coverage• Event Log• Event Pareto
Ten minute averages for the configured data points in report
for configured data point in report, time frame is also configured
Mahesh Morjaria #17March 3, 2009
• Fault Analysis• Command Log• Parameter Change• Inverted Input• VP/Bachmann PLC Comm Loss• Parameter Values
Backup Material
Mahesh Morjaria #18March 3, 2009
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First SCADA Users’ Group Mtg at AWEA Conference
Participants• 14 users from FP&L, AEP, Brookfield Power,
Horizon Energy, enXco, AESAgenda• SCADA development plans • Test drive of web-based reporting and ESS
operational web pages with user surveys• Feedback Sessions
Customer Feedback:• Browser based tools preferred, FPL has nine
different SCADA packages across fleet … migration to Web-based tools
• Connectivity to third party systems (OSI-PI, Second Wind, customer systems) a plus relative to other vendors open architecture
Mahesh Morjaria #19March 3, 2009
vendors … open architecture• Increased user configurability & flexibility• Reports get customized at each site … Excel export
capability key• Users appreciated opportunity to provide inputs,
look forward to next year’s event• Need upgrade for their existing SCADA s/w
WindSCADA Version 3.0 Released (June 2007)
Key Features:• Web-based Reporting
with improved pperformance
• Built-in export capability (Excel, PDF, XML etc)
• Improved Product DocumentationFi d j ft
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RTViewer Issues
Mahesh Morjaria #20March 3, 2009
• Fixed major software bugs of previous version
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Reporting Services
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Alarm Manager