Green ITDan FeehertyJin-jia HuEmily McCarthyLaura McGrathNatalye Medina

What is Green IT?

“Using technology in an environmentally responsible and eco-friendly way in order to reduce the negative effects technology has on the environment, but also to use technology to solve environmental issues.”

• Aka: Green Computing

[39]

[2] & [27]

Green IT

Practices

Green Disposal

Green Design

Green Manufacturin

g

Green Use

Environmental Impact

[55] & [62]

● ICT fastest growing sector of energy use

● 2007 2-2.5% of global CO2 Emissions○ comparable to that of airline industry○ energy cost 10% of IT budget,

according to Gartner could rise to 50% in a few years

[49] & [28]

IT Energy Consumption● 10% of global energy consumption● Every minute there are 2 million google searches, 48 hours

of new YouTube content, 700,000 Facebook content shares.● one google search is worth o.ooo3 kwh energy● equal to turning on a 60 kw light bulb for 17 seconds● a single search query may produce a few tenths to a few

grams of CO2 emissions

Forms of Green IT1. Data center design

a. electricity used in global data center in 2010 is between 1.1%~1.5% of total electricity used.

2. Power managementa. turn off during inactivityb. reduce heat and electricity usage

3. Material recycling a. 3Rs: Reuse, Refurbish, Recycleb. E-waste

4. Telecommuting 5. Cloud computing

[63] & [48]

Data Center“Energy used by data centers onaverage are only using 6%-12% of

the electricity powering their servers

to perform computations. The

remainingis used to keep the servers idling

andready in case the case of a surge

ofactivity.” [43]

Server Virtualization & Consolidation

[32]

Energy Star recommends Server virtualization as a way to combine multiple servers on to one physical host server.

[32]

Server consolidation takes lightly used servers and combines them to one server. This can save a

company $500 in energy, $500 in operating system

licenses, and $1,500 in hardware maintenance

costs.

Server Virtualization & Consolidation

Decommissioning of Unused Servers

[32]

Energy Star reports aged servers are more likely to be running but

not in use, these servers are referred to as comatose and can

attribute to 8%-10% of data center energy use.

[32]

In 2012 AOL decommissioned over 9,484 servers for a total savings of around $5 million. The effort included:• shutting down or merging

extraneous applications• increasing utilization in a

private cloud data center

• eliminating inefficient orabandoned servers

Decommissioning of Unused Servers

Benefits of Green IT

1. Reduce power consumption2. Lower costs3. Lower carbon emission and environment impact4. Improved system performance and use5. Space savings

[22] & [51]

Example UMSL-Dave Maczynski, institutional support

service1. Paper cut policy

o 1000+500 pages quotao 10,100,108 pages (2009)-->7,700,000 pages

(2010)2. Upgrade hardware

o CRT-->LCD-->LED3. Paper & toner recycle4. BIOS control

o scheduleo labstats

5. E-waste disposalo Surplus sale - refurbished equipment[4]

E-Waste● Consumer and business

electronic or electric equipment near the end of its life.

● (EEE) electrical & electronic equipment

● Definitions vary with countries

● Contains hazardous materials as well as precious materials

[60] & [61]

Global E-Waste Production 2012

● World 53,896.409● USA 10.317● China 7.995● EU 10.933

[52] & [50]

Disposal Laws● Basel Convention● WEEE

○ Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive

● Disposal bans vs. recycling goals● EPA regulations● State Laws

[35] & [53]

E-waste Exports● Ghana, Nigeria, Pakistan, India, China● China largest e-waste dump site● Imported both illegally and legally from North America,

Europe, and other parts of Asia○ illegal to import into china

● not possible to inspect every container○ mixed in other metals

● Loopholes○ through Vietnam or Hong Kong ○ non shredded○ re-use

[59], [58] & [56]

Health Concerns From E-waste● Stems from inappropriate recycling

practices○ Incineration ○ Chemical baths○ Leaching

● Toxins○ Flame retardants○ Lead○ Mercury○ Cadmium

● 70% of toxins in landfills comes from e-waste

[26] & [ 17]

E-cyclingRe-useReduce

80 to 85% of electronic products were dumped into landfills or incinerated

Green TechRecycling allows for recovery of precious metals

60 million dollars of gold and silver are dumped away each year in cell phones.

Where and how to recycle Local and State programs Manufacturer responsibility

[57], [36] & [31]

e-cycle Missouri• Tony Pierce Interview

o e-cycle Missouri• Missouri Laws

o producer responsibility lawo Bill for landfill reform

• Dave Bealo Epc

processing planto e-cycle involvement

• Allison Carmeno MaterialMix

[3], [5] & [1]

LEED

Leadership in Energy and Environmental

Design[54]

LEED StandardsThere are four

levels of certification

Certified

Silver

Gold

Platinum

There are five rating systems that address

multiple project types:

Building Design + Construction

Interior Design + Construction

Building Operations + Maintenance

Neighborhood Development

Homes

[54]

Architects and LEED

77 chapters30,000 members

44,000 LEED projects

All with in the USA

[54]

 

Technology and LEED

Technology is pushing LEED to a more user friendly, everyman technology.

[2]

 

Top CompaniesStrategies/InvestmentsAccenture IBMSAPHP

reducing greenhouse emissions & energy efficiency by “Leasing,” Reuse or sell refurbished products, & “Recycling”

programs.Dell- avoiding harmful substances and recycling[14], [38] & [34]

Dell Initiatives

Recycling- 65.1 tons of electronic products were disposed “Design for Environment” “Reducing Our Impact”

“Green packaging and shipping”

[34]

Accenture Reducing energy consumption and organizing green agenda Focus on five areas

1. “End user working practices”2. “Office environment and equipment”3. “Office infrastructure/data center4. “Procurement”5. “Corporate citizenship”

[44]

Accenture

Green Maturity Model (GMM)three stages1. “initial assessment” 2. “detailed assessment”3. “output”

[44]

IBM: reducing and managing carbon footprints for a green supply chain five tiers1. material suppliers2. component manufacturers3. assembly operations4. distribution companies5. retailers serving end customers

[33]

IBM: Steps:

1. Product is redesigned2. Manufacturing3. Green Suppliers4. Distance & Short Routes5. Service level agreements

alteration

[33]

IBM: Steps

1. Packaging and consolidating shipments2. Partner coordination3. Lifecycle4. Start

[33]

Helping reduce energySetting baseline and managing

indicators “Decommission legacy systems” “Archive documents and unused data” “ Consolidate your system landscape” “ Virtualize your SAP software systems” “ Run paperless processes”[25]

Why do companies go green?

Profitability share price return on investments distinction from other companies

[12], [7] & [18]

Set Backs Cost of implementation/conversion

Ease of use

Technical issues

Adaptation to change / lack of support

Going paperless

Customer backlash[47]

Green IT of the FutureMotorola Project Ara: ECO-MOBIUS

[42]

SOL

• WeWi Telecommunications has annonced a laptop that it is equipped with folding solar panels that can charge for two hours, while the sun shines

• When fully charged, SOL is able to work 8-10 hours

[41]

EcoChargeA portable and environmentally friendly charger which converts thermal

energy (from heaters, etc.) into electricity. EcoCharge will work with any surface that can produce heat. It will also comes with an OLED display that let users know how efficiently their devices are being used.

[40]

Easy Ways to be Green in IT:

1. Hibernate or sleep mode OR turn off altogether 2. Use flat screen or LCD monitors3. Buy energy efficient notebook computers instead of

desktop4. Safe electronic disposal5. Refill printer cartridges than buy new6. Refurbish existing devices.

References – Primary Sources1. Beal, D. (2014, March 14). Interview by d Feeherty [Personal

Interview]. Epc recycling.2. Bundren, T. (2014, March 21) Director of Sustainability, Lawrence

Group. Interviewed by E McCarthy and L McGrath [Personal Interview].

3. Carmen, A. (2014, March 20 ). Founder and CEO, Material Mix. Interview by Emily McCarthy [Personal Interview].

4. Maczynski, D. (2014, March 31). UM-St Louis: Green IT. Interviewed by J. Hu, Interviewer [Personal Interview].

5. Pierce, A. (2014, March 11). Interview by D Feeherty [Personal Interview]. e-cycle missouri.

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