Green Chemistry Workshop #1:

Electrochemistry I

Green Chemistry Workshop #1:

Electrochemistry I

US – Thai Distance Learning Program

January 13, 2010

Professor Kenneth M. Doxsee

University of Oregon

The Distance Learning Foundation is committed to His Majesty the King’s educational policy of “Ob Rom Bom Nisai” or moral teaching and training, seeking to teach and train every child to be:

•Good•Honorable•Economically sufficient

อบรมบ�มนิ�สัย

The Principles of Green Chemistry

1. Prevention

2. Atom Economy

3. Less Hazardous Synthesis

4. Designing Safer Chemicals

5. Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries

6. Design for Energy Efficiency

7. Renewable Feedstocks

8. Reduce Derivatives

9. Catalysis

10. Design for Degradation

11. Real-time Analysis

12. Inherently Safer Chemistry

The 11 ¥ (4 baht) Battery

Premise• Construct a simple battery from common household

materials.• Measure voltage using a voltmeter, or demonstrate by

illuminating a light-emitting diode (LED).

Chemical Concepts • Metallic properties; comparison of reactivity of

metals; oxidation/reduction chemistry; electrochemistry; thermodynamics.

Construction of a Single “Cell” from Copper and Aluminum

(http://www.micrecol.de/microscalingOginoE.html)

http://www.japaneselifestyle.com.au/travel/kyoto_byodoin_temple.htm

http://www.jupiterimages.com/Image/royaltyFree/87767169

Anode (Al) Cathode (Cu)

Monitoring Voltage with a Light-Emitting Diode (LED)

http://www.robotroom.com/Pumpkin/LED1.gif

A typical LED circuit:

Notes About Light-Emitting Diodes (LED)

• Applying too much current can damage or destroy an LED.

• LED circuits usually contain a resistor to avoid damage.

• Too much current will not be a problem with our coin battery!

• An LED will illuminate only when voltage is applied in the right direction.

• An LED will illuminate only when sufficient voltage is applied – usually 2 volts (4 volts for white or blue).

A Voltaic Pile

Brain, Marshall, and Charles W. Bryant. "How Batteries Work." 01 April 2000. HowStuffWorks.com: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm

Laboratory Safety

Accident: An unexpected and undesirable event, especially one resulting in damage or harm.

LABORATORY SESSIONBreak for ….

Green Relevance of the Coin Battery

Green Concepts• Safer materials – compare other types of batteries, and other

materials used to construct batteries in the laboratory.

• Alternate energy sources – use of simple scrap metals to generate electricity.

• Consider Green Principles

– #1 (prevent waste)

– #3 (use less hazardous substances)

– #12 (use substances in forms that minimize hazards).

The Aluminum – Air Battery

Premise• Construct a simple battery from common household

materials.• Measure voltage using a voltmeter, or demonstrate by

illuminating a light-emitting diode (LED).

Chemical Concepts • Metallic properties; comparison of reactivity of

metals; oxidation/reduction chemistry; electrochemistry; thermodynamics.

Construction of a Single “Cell”

http://simpledailyrecipes.com/wp-content/uploads/grilled-tortillas-01.jpg

Aluminum foil

Paper towel(wet, with NaCl)

Charcoal

Electrochemical Reactions

Anode:Al(s) + 3 OH-(aq) → Al(OH)3(s) + 3 e-

Cathode:O2(g) + 2 H2O(l) + 4 e- → 4 OH-(aq)

4 Al(s) + 3 O2(g) + 6 H2O → 4 Al(OH)3(s)

A Voltaic Pile

Brain, Marshall, and Charles W. Bryant. "How Batteries Work." 01 April 2000. HowStuffWorks.com: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm

LABORATORY SESSIONBreak for ….

Green Relevance of the Aluminum-Air Battery

Green Concepts• Safer materials – compare other types of batteries, and other

materials used to construct batteries in the laboratory.

• Alternate energy sources – use of simple scrap metals to generate electricity.

• Consider Green Principles

– #1 (prevent waste)

– #3 (use less hazardous substances)

– #12 (use substances in forms that minimize hazards).

Questions and Discussion

Preparation for the Next Workshop

• Oxygen content of air

Syringe image: http://www.nordiccell.com/embryo-transfer/images/HSW/HSW-1-ml.jpg

0.4 mL of 0.2 M FeSO4

1.0 mL of 2 M NaOH

(1 cm piece of flexible transparent tubing)

Preparation for the Next Workshop

• CaCO3 content of egg shells

10 mL of 3 M HCl (1-2 drops of silicone oil)

0.2 g crushed egg shell

Eggshell image: http://www.faqs.org/photo-dict/photofiles/list/859/1289egg_shell.jpgScale image: http://www.popgadget.net/images/kitchen-scale-open.jpgMortar and pestle image: http://www.ancientlight.info/products/images_stones/LMORL.jpg

Syringe image: http://www.hobbysilicone.com/60ml.jpgSyringe schematic image: http://www.theodora.com/drugs/images/553.jpgPlastic caps image: http://www.sks-science.com/images/240804LRG.jpgBeaker image: http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~courses/genchem/Labs/Quant/images/150mlBeakers.gif

Tight-fitting cap

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