Home Activity Your child is learning about Greek word parts. Have your child explain what each Greek word part in this lesson means.

Greek Word Parts DVD•281

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Ghost Towns

Greek Word Parts

• Generalization Many words are formed from the Greek word parts tele meaning “over a long distance,” photo meaning “light,” meter meaning “measure,” and graph meaning “write.”

Word Sort Sort the list words by their Greek word part. Spelling Words 1. telephone 2. graphic 3. thermometer 4. photographer 5. centimeter 6. paragraph 7. telescope 8. diameter 9. photocopy 10. speedometer

11. telegraph 12. millimeter 13. autograph 14. television 15. barometer 16. telecommute 17. pedometer 18. phonograph 19. kilometer 20. telephoto

tele 1. ___________________

2. ___________________

3. ___________________

4. ___________________

photo 5. ___________________

6. ___________________

meter 7. ___________________

8. ___________________

9. ___________________

10. ___________________

11. ___________________

12. ___________________

13. ___________________

14. ___________________

graph 15. ___________________

16. ___________________

17. ___________________

18. ___________________

tele and photo 19. ___________________

tele and graph 20. ___________________

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DVD•282 Family Times

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GeneralizeTo generalize means to make a broad statement or rule that applies to several examples. Clue words such as all, many, and most can signal that an author is making a generalization. If these generalizations are supported by the text, they are valid. If not, they are faulty generalizations.

ActivityNose for News With a family member, read an article from a newspaper or current events magazine. As you read, look for instances where the author uses generaliza-tions. When you find a generalization, examine the text to see if it is valid or faulty.

Comprehension Skill

Ghost Towns of the American WestIn the mid-1800s, large numbers of Americans headed west in search of land and riches. The result was many small towns being built seemingly overnight. These same towns were deserted when the promised wealth didn’t materialize. To this day, you can see ghost-like remnants of these small, temporary towns.

ActivityUncover Your History Take a look through the closets or storage areas at your house for “ghost toys” you once played with all the time but now don’t think about. Pull one out and with a family member write a short description about the “olden days” when you used to play with the toy.

Summary

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Family Times DVD•283

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Practice Tested Spelling Words

Words to KnowKnowing the meanings of these words is important to reading Ghost Towns of the American West. Practice using these words.

Vocabulary Wordseconomic of or about the management of the income, supplies, and expenses of a household, government, etc.independence freedom from the control, influence, support, or help of othersoverrun to spread overscrawled written or drawn poorly or carelesslyvacant not occupied

Lesson Vocabulary

AdverbsAn adverb tells how, when, or where something happens. It can describe a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Many adverbs that tell how end in -ly. You can change adjectives to adverbs by adding –ly. A comparative adverb compares two people, places, things, or groups. Add –er to most adverbs to make them comparative. For example: longer, faster. A superlative adverb is used to compare three or more people, places, things, or groups. Add –est to most adverbs to make them superlative. For example: longest, fastest.

ActivityMix ‘n’ Match With a family member, cut up some squares of paper and write down a variety of adjectives (e.g., quiet, cool, dark, slow). Put the squares in a hat or cup, and then take turns picking out squares one at a time. With each square, create an adverb and write it on a sheet of paper. It can be a simple adverb (adding –ly) or a comparative or superlative adverb.

Conventions

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Name Ghost Towns

DVD•284 Comprehension

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Generalize

• Togeneralize means to make a broad statement or rule that applies to several examples. Clue words such as all, many, and most can signal generalizations.

• Ifgeneralizationsaresupportedbythetext,theyarevalid generalizations. If they are not supported by the text or by logic, they are faulty generalizations.

Directions Read the following passage. Then answer the questions that follow.

Railroads first appeared in the United States in the 1820s. During the

next few decades, more and more track was laid, connecting towns and cities in different regions of the country. Railroads began to change the way Americans traveled, worked, did business, and settled.

During the mid-1800s, many people chose to settle in areas west of the

Mississippi River served by railroads. In the 1850s and 1860s, railroad lines appeared in Missouri, Arkansas, Texas, and California. Towns that stood near railroad lines prospered. On the other hand, communities that were distant from railroads lost business and population. All in all, railroads were one of the most important factors in the growth and settlement of the American West.

1. What would be a generalization about railroads you could make based upon the text above?

2. What is one thing in the text that supports your generalization?

3. What is another thing in the text that supports your generalization?

4. What is the word most used to describe in the passage?

5. Imagine you are a shopkeeper in a western town in the 1850s. On a separate sheet of paper, write

a letter to a new railroad company, encouraging them to extend the railroad to your town.

Home Activity Your child identified a generalization in a nonfiction text and found evidence to support it. Make a generalization about something in your family, such as “Dad is always spilling something on his tie,” and work with your child to determine whether the generalization is valid or not.

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Comprehension DVD•285

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Ghost Towns

Graphic SourcesDirections Study the map of America in 1810. Then answer the questions below.

1. What is the purpose of this map?

2. How many territories belonged to the United States in 1810? What are they?

3. According to the map, what are the two largest areas that are not states?

4. What shading pattern represents the area controlled by foreign countries?

5. Imagine that it is 1810 and that you are President Monroe. On a separate sheet of paper, identify

which region shown on this map concerns you the most, and tell why it worries you.

Home Activity Your child has answered questions about a graphic source. Look at a book or newspaper that has a map or chart accompanying some text. Discuss the information in the graphic with your child. Then read the article or passage and discuss with him or her how the graphic aids understanding.

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Ghost Towns

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Home Activity Your child learned how to use adverbs in writing. With your child, make up a story about a cowboy’s trip to town. Encourage your child to include adverbs to make actions vivid and precise.

AdverbsDirections Write an adverb on the line to make each sentence more lively and colorful.

1. The prospector whispered , “Can it be?”

2. Then he began to leap and dance around the campsite.

3. The large lump in the pan gleamed in the sunlight.

4. The assayer’s report erased his joy .

5. The old man limped back to camp.

6. He said , “It was only fool’s gold.”

Directions Imagine you are touring a ghost town in the Old West. Write a paragraph describing how the town looks and what is happening there. Use adverbs to help make your description vivid and colorful.

DVD•286 Adverbs

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Ghost TownsC

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Home Activity Your child has learned to read, write, and spell words with Greek word parts. Have your child select the ten hardest words to review with you.

Greek Word Parts DVD•287

Spelling Words

telephone graphic thermometer photographer centimeterparagraph telescope diameter photocopy speedometertelegraph millimeter autograph television barometertelecommute pedometer phonograph kilometer telephoto

Greek Word Parts

Double Puzzle Unscramble the list words. Write each letter on a line. Write the numbered letters below to answer the question.

Who were two great Greek teachers?

1. greeplath ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

2. sceeptole ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 8 3

3. raidmeet ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 11

4. metmetecoUl ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 6 10

5. tieliesnov ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 8

6. chootpopy ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 13 2

7. toapraUgh ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 5 9

8. cphrgai ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 4

9. meetsdeepor ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 1

10. hophopgrater ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 12 7

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ , ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Connect the Words draw a line from the word part to the greek ending. then write the word.

11. kilo

12. tele

13. baro

14. phono

15. para

16. centi

11. ___________________

12. ___________________

13. ___________________

14. ___________________

15. ___________________

16. ___________________

graph

meter

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DVD•288 Comprehension

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Generalize

• Togeneralize means to make a broad statement or rule that applies to several examples. Clue words such as all, many, and most can signal generalizations.

• Ifgeneralizationsaresupportedbythetext,theyarevalid generalizations. If they are not supported by the text or by logic, they are faulty generalizations.

Directions Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by writing a generalization and two ideas that support the generalization. Then answer the questions below.

In the past, many people who left their homes and moved to a new land were

following some kind of dream. Often settlers’ dreams involved getting rich. For example, in the 1800s thousands of people traveled to the American West to find gold. Other people wanted to find a better

life for themselves. For some settlers, this meant owning more land. For others, a better life meant finding a job that made their lives easier or more secure. Still other people moved to a different part of the world to simply seek a change and start a new kind of life.

Generalization1. In the past, many people moved to a new land to

Support from Text2. Often settlers’ dreams

involved

Support from Text3. Other people wished to

Support from Text

Some people moved to follow their dream of a fresh start in their lives.

4. What word in the answer to question 1 suggests that the statement is a generalization?

5. Based on the evidence in the text, is the author’s generalization valid or faulty? Why?

Home Activity Your child identified a generalization in a nonfiction text and found information in the text to support the generalization. Find a magazine article that includes generalizations, and work with your child to find examples and details in the text that support those generalizations.

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Home Activity Your child reviewed adverbs. Have your child clip adjectives from magazine advertisements, change them into adverbs, write the comparative and superlative form of each adverb, and use both forms in sentences.

AdverbsDirections Write the comparative and superlative forms of each adverb.

Adverb Comparative Adverb Superlative Adverb

fast 1. 2.

hard 3. 4.

eagerly 5. 6.

badly 7. 8.

Directions Underline the adverb in each sentence. Circle the word or words that each adverb tells more about.

9. The man looked extremely nervous.

10. He waited impatiently for the stage.

11. It seemed as though it would never arrive.

12. Finally, he heard a storm of hooves.

13. The dusty stage rolled westward toward town.

14. The man greeted his bride warmly.

Directions Underline the correct adverb in ( ) to complete each sentence.

15. California was settled (sooner, more sooner) than many Western states.

16. The promise of gold (first, firstly) drew miners and settlers.

17. Good climate and fertile land held them there (more successfully, most successfully) though.

18. Nevada treated its settlers (harshlier, more harshly) than California.

19. When the silver ran out, miners (quickly, most quickly) left Nevada’s hot, dry territory.

Adverbs DVD•289

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