greek alphabet. a presentation based in open educational resources
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modern Greek alphabet
Letter names, order, sounds
Based on Open Educational Resources
Modern Greek alphabet ( η αλφαβήτα/ η αλφάβητος ) has 24 letters which have been used in the same form since 8th century BC.
Greek alphabet derived from Phoenician alphabet and it was in turn the ancestor of a number of European and Middle Eastern scripts, including Latin alphabet and Cyrillic alphabet.
http://www.omniglot.com/writing/greek.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet http://phoenicia.org/alphabet.html
In Modern Greek, the letters of the alphabet
have a stable enough and consistent symbol-to-sound mapping. This makes pronunciation of words rather predictable in general.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet
Apart from its use in writing the Greek language, the Greek alphabet today also serves as a source of technical symbols and labels in many domains of mathematics, science and other fields
π = 3,14 T: biology, mathematics, physics Φ: mathematics, philosophy, computing
x:mathematics, neurology, chemistry, rhetoric , engineering
etc http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-resources/stargazing-basics/the-greek-alphabet/
Άλφα : A-α Νι: Ν-ν
Βήτα: Β-β Ξι: Ξ-ξΓάμμα: Γ-γ Όμικρον:Ο-ο Δέλτα: Δ-δ Πι: Π-πΈψιλον: Ε-ε Ρο: Ρ-ρΖήτα : Ζ-ζ Σίγμα: Σ-σ-ς Ήτα : Η-η Ταυ: Τ-τ Θήτα: Θ-θ Ύψιλον: Υ-υ Ιώτα: Ι-ι Φι: Φ-φ Κάππα: Κ-κ Χι: Χ-χΛάμδα: Λ-λ Ψι: Ψ-ψΜι: Μ-μ Ωμέγα: Ω-ω http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/HistTopics/Greek_numbers.html http://poinikastas.csad.ox.ac.uk/browseGlyphs.shtml http://www.sixtysymbols.com/videos/alphabetagamma.htm
Άλφα : A-α álfa [a]
Aέρας [aéras]= wind masculine article noun ο Aέρας o aéras http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/alpha http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha
Βήτα: Β-β Víta [v]
Βήμα [víma]= step neutral article noun το βήμα to víma http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta
Γάμμα: Γ-γ γáma [γ/j]
γούνα [γúna]= fur
femin article noun η γούνα i γúna
γείτονας [jítonas]= neighbor masculine article noun ο γείτονας ο jítonas
Notice that γάμμα (γ) is pronounced [j] when [i]/ [e] follows http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma
Δέλτα: Δ,δδélta [δ]
δώρο [δóro]=gift neutral article noun
το δώρο to δóro http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_(letter)
Έψιλον Ε-εépsilon [e]
Εγώ [eγó]= Ι personal pronoun
ετοιμάζω [etimázo] = to prepare, I prepare verb http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epsilon
Ζήτα : Ζ-ζ zíta [z]
ζέστη: [zésti] = heat ( high temperature )
femin. article noun
η ζέστη I zésti http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeta
Ήτα : Η-ηíta [ι]
ήλιος : [ílios]= sun masc. article noun ο ήλιος o ílios http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eta
Θήτα Θ-θ θíta [θ]
θάλασσα [θálasa]= sea fem. article noun η θάλασσα I θálasa http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theta
Ιώτα: Ι-ι[ióta] [i]
ικανός [ikanós] = (capable, able, skilled)
masc. article adjective
ο ικανός
o ikanós http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iota
Κάππα Κ-κ kápa [k-ç]
Καλό: [ kaló] =nice, good
neutr. article adjective το καλό to kaló Κεράσι: [çerási] =cherry neutral article noun το κεράσι to çerási Notice that κ is pronounced [ç] When [i/e] follows http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa
Λάμδα Λ-λlámδa [l]
λάδι =oil neutral article noun το λάδι to láδi
Ήλιος: [ ’Ιlios]= sun masc. article noun ο ήλιος o ílios
Notice the [l] pronounciation when an [i] follows http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda
Μι Μ-μ[mi] [m]
μαμά- [mamá] = mother feminine article noun
η μαμά
[i] [mamá] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu_(letter)
Νι Ν-ν[Ni] [n]
Νερό: [neró]= water neutral article noun
το νερό
to neró Νωρίς: [ norís] =early adverb http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nu_(letter)
Ξι Ξ, ξ[ksi] [ ks]
Notice Ξ indicates the combination [k+s]=[ks] Notice Ξ is not to be confused with the letter
X(chi:sounds [x/ç). X gave its form to latin letter x.
ξανά [ksaná] = again adverb http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_(letter)
Όμικρον Ο-ο[ómikron] [o]
Όαση : [óasi] = oasis feminine article noun
η όαση i óasi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omicron
Πι Π-π[Pi ] [p]
Πάλι: [páli] = again adverb http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi_(letter)
Ρο Ρ-ρ[ro] [r]
Notice P [r] is not to be confused with the Latin letter P [p]
Θάρρος – [θáros]= courage neutral article noun το θάρρος to θáros Remember that ρρ= r No different pronunciation. Just [r] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho
Σίγμα Σ-σ-ς[síγma] [s]
Θάλασσα: [ θálasa] = sea fem article noun η θάλασσα i θálasa Notice: No different pronunciation for σσ. Just s Notice: the letter "s" is used only at the very end of
a word ending in [s]. eg. θάρρος, NOT θάρροσ. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma
Ταυ Τ-τ[taf] [t]
ταβάνι: taváni = rooftop neutral article noun το ταβάνι to taváni Remember that here: α+υ = af http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau
ύψιλον Υ-υ[ípsilon] [i]
Υγεία: [ijía]= health fem article noun η υγεία
I ijía notice that Y=[i] as well as ει = [ι] . Remember that "Γ-γ" is pronounced [j] when [i] sound is following http://www.sixtysymbols.com/videos/masstolight.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upsilon
Φι Φ-φ[Fi] [f]
Φαγητό : [fajitó] =food neutr. article noun το φαγητό
to fajitó Remember that η= [i]. Γ-γ is pronounced [j] when [i] is following http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi
Χι, Χ-χçi [x-ç]
Χαρτί: [xartí] = paper neutral article noun το χαρτί
to xartí Χέρι: [çéri] = hand neutral article noun το χέρι
to çériNotice that the letter "χ" is pronounced [ç] when [i/ e] is following http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_(letter)
Ψι Ψ-ψ[psi] [ps]
Notice that 'Ψ' Indicates the combination [p+s]= [ps]
ψωμί : [psomí] = bread neutral article noun το ψωμί
to psomí http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psi_(letter)
Ωμέγα Ω-ωOméγa [ο]
Ώρα- óra (time when we ask "what time is it? /hour) femin article noun η ώρα i óra http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega
So, maybe you have already noticed that in some cases there is one letter to represent 2 sounds. For example : γ [γ/j], κ [k/ç] etc. Well, Greek people consider these sounds just as variations, not separate speech sounds.
Here you may find a more linguistic approach in regard with sound variations.
"Allophones are the linguistically non-significant variants of each phoneme. In other words a phoneme may be realised by more than one speech sound and the selection of each variant is usually conditioned by the phonetic environment of the phoneme. Occasionally allophone selection is not conditioned but may vary from person to person and occasion to occasion"
http://clas.mq.edu.au/speech/phonetics/phonology/phoneme/ "Greek linguists do not agree on which consonants to count as
phonemes in their own right, and which to count as conditional allophones"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Greek_phonology
Thanks for watching