Ancient Greecesession v - The Great Wars

course outline

i - Origins

ii - Polis

iii - Colonies & Tyrants

iv - Sparta & Athens

v - Great Wars, 490-404

vi - Golden Age

vii - Second Military Revolution

viii - Hellenism

Major Points in the last Sessionthe central purpose of the Spartan state was preparing for and waging war

Lycurgus, real or mythical, was credited with founding Sparta’s “way of war”

the agoge was the system of training warriors, ages 7-20

the Spartan state undermined families

Athenian education was excellent for those who could afford it

Athenian social divisions determined political participation

Athenian democracy developed over time

Peisistratos’ tyranny, ironically, promoted democracy!

Questions to answer in this session

how do the Persian Wars begin? What is their significance?

what is special about the battle of Salamis?

what was the struggle for hegemony?

how does Thucydides explain the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War?

why was the Sicilian expedition such a disaster?

how did Athens manage to stay in the war after 413?

why did she finally lose?

review of the previous sessions

HeinrichSchliemann

Mycenae--the lion’s gate

the “mask of Agamemnon”

Homer

“Jupiter and Thetis”Jean Dominique Ingres

Odysseus

sessions remaining

vi - Golden Age

vii - Second Military Revolution

viii - Hellenism

Troy

Linear B

proto-Greek ina Phoenician alphabet

Η ΔικαιοσὖνηΤό τί;

“[the] Justice.“What [is] it?”

Plato, Republic

[The Athenian] Acropolis, Leo von Klenze

“FROGS AROUND A POND”-- SOCRATES, IN THE PHAEDO

Victor Davis Hanson(1953-)

hoplite kleros

a master, twoslaves and aboy work

together harvestingolives

transport amphora serving amphora

the Chigi vase, 4th c. BC

ΠΙΘΕΚΥΣΑΙ

Pithecusai-the first apoikia

Corinthian trade goods

Dardanelles

Sea of Marmara

Bosphorus

Aegean Sea

Europe

Asia

Black Sea

Mount Taygetus

Sparta

Perioikoi

Lykourgos

ἢ τὰν ἢ ἐπὶ τᾶς(eh tan eh epi tas)

SOLŌN

The Pottery“factory”

State promotionof the

fine arts,here a sculpture

of Aphroditefor a temple

mid 6th

centuryfactions

PEISISTRATOS

Harmodius and Aristogeton, the tyrannicides, kill Hipparchosin 514 BC but fail to kill his brother, the tyrant Hippias

Cleisthenes

Ostrakon

The Alcmaeonidai

PERICLES

preview of today’s session

War is the father of all things--Heraclitus

THE GREATEST EMPIRE THE WORLDHAD EVER SEEN UP TO THAT TIME

Herodotusthe

fatherof

history

Μιλτιάδης ὁ ΝεώτεροςMiltiades the Younger

c. 550 BCE – 489 BCE

“Photoshop” of the Persian ships at the Bay of Marathon

the Persian“Immortals”

at the Louvre

Miltiades’ helmet asa votive offering

theisland

ofThasos

ancientCorcyra

Sparta’s humiliation

atSphacteria

Alcibiadesc. 450-404

his rakish youth

Alcibiades’victory at Cyzicus, 410

Finale