greco roman concepts history of direct and indirect democracy
TRANSCRIPT
Greco Roman Concepts
History of Direct and Indirect Democracy
Video Explanation of Concepts
• Video 1: http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/35FC88E1-E562-400B-882C-800E8520DCD3
• Video 2: http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/C664FD46-045D-43E4-8968-1B2C49C7CD03
• Video 3: http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/CDCB2412-28EF-49C6-B87C-C2C15AE5F4D8
What is Government?
• Government: a system for controlling society
• Throughout history people have recognized the need for a system to organize society.
• For much of history, people lived under the rule of kings or rulers with absolute power.• Opposite of democracy
• First democracies=GREECE & ROME
The World
Atlantic
Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean
SOUTH POLE
SOUTH POLE
Romans 509 B.C.
Greeks 594 B.C.
Atlantic OceanPacific
Ocean Indian Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
Rise of Democratic Ideas In Greece and Rome
Pacific Ocean
The Rise of Democracy
The Parthenon in Athens
***Our government is based on ideas from Ancient Greece &
Rome.
***We call Greece “The Birthplace of Democracy.”
***A democracy is a government ruled by the people.
Ancient Greece
People lived in a polis (city-states).
Political unit made up of a city and area around it.
Overtime city-states would change governments. Sometimes they were ruled by Tyrants and other times they were a democracy.
The First Democracy The city-state of Athens evolved into a democracy.
(demo=people kratos=power)• Government in which the people exercise power.• The word “people” meant adult male citizens who had
military training ONLY.
Athens evolved further into a direct democracy.• In a direct democracy, all citizens meet in one place
(town meetings) to make the laws for their state. The laws are directly voted on by the people. However, the officials were chosen from all the citizens by lottery.
• Switzerland is an example of direct democracy today.
Bodies of Government• There were three main bodies of the government: the
Assembly, the Council of 500, and the Courts. • The Assembly included all citizens who showed up to
vote. Everyone who was a citizen could participate as part of the assembly. The assembly would decide on new laws and important decisions, like whether or not to go to war.
• The Council oversaw much of the day-to-day running of the government. The Council was determined by lottery. If your name was chosen, then you would be on the council for one year.
• The Courts handled lawsuits and trials. The courts had large juries to help make decisions. For private lawsuits the jury was at least 201 people, for public lawsuits the jury was at least 501 people.
Solon Cleisthenes Pericles
Outlawed slavery based on debt
All citizens submit laws for debate
Increased # of paid public officials
All free male adults are citizens
Council of 500 – members chosen randomly. Why?
Paid jurors – why is this important?
Council of 400
How did each of these Athenian leaders contribute to the development of
democracy?
Why do some historians believe that Athens was not a “true democracy?”
• Not considered citizens:
1. Women
2. Slaves
3. Foreign residents
**Only men who completed their military training could vote.
Why did democracy end in Athens?
• Peloponnesian War
• Athens v. Sparta
• Invasion by Macedonia
338 B.C.
The end of Democracy in Greece and…..……
The beginning of a foreign Monarchy.
Greeks
*Direct democracy
*Paying jurors so more people can participate in government
*3 branches of government
*Written Legal Code
*Natural law
The lands of the Roman Empire, who allowed conquered people the right of equal treatment under the law.
Invading Roman Army
Romans, welcoming their emperor.
Roman aristocrats overthrew the harsh king & set up the new government: the Republic
The Romans were the first to give us Representative Democracy with their senators.
The Roman Republic
***The Romans used a
Republican form of Government - Representative Democracy.
A Representative Democracy is a government in which the people elect (vote for) a smaller group to make the rules & laws
for everyone.
The Roman RepublicIn 509 BC, the Romans overthrew their king and created a republic.
a government in which citizens rule through representatives, whom they elect.
Patricians (members of the landholding upper class) ruled. Plebeians (common farmers, merchants, and artisans) could
rule.
Plebeians demanded laws be written=first written code of law.
Government set up separate branches (separation of powers).
Twelve Tables• Roman laws were
carved on 12 tablets and publicly displayed.
• Why is the formation of a written law code necessary in a democratic government?
• Established the idea that all free citizens had the right to protection of the laws and that the laws would be fair to all.
Republican Government
• Legislative branch made up of the Senate
• Senate was made up of only patricians.
• Why do you think plebeians were not allowed to be senators?
Romans
*Representative democracy*the Individual is a citizen of the
State not just a subject to a ruler.*Written Legal Code*3 branches of government*All citizens had the right to :
equal treatment under the law considered innocent until proven guilty burden of proof rested with the accuser
*Any law that seemed unreasonable or grossly unfair could be set aside.
Lets practice!!!! Get out your whiteboards!!
Which kind of government do we have in the United States?
Do we have a Direct Democracy?
Do we have a Representative Democracy?
This one is correct!
Scenario 1: Direct or Indirect
Democracy in which votes choose delegates to create the laws of government on
their behalf. This is an example of?
Indirect
Scenario 2: Direct or Indirect
People directly vote on whether a law will be passed or a person elected. This is
an example of?
Direct
Scenario 3: Direct or Indirect
In the United States, we vote for representatives in the
Electoral College to help us vote for President. This is an
example of?
Indirect
Scenario 4: Direct or Indirect
The people of Athens voted directly on the city-states laws without the help of
elected representatives. This is an example of?
Direct
Scenario 5: Direct or Indirect
The Romans Legislative Branch was made of Senators who would represent the Roman
people during voting just like the U.S. Senators and HOR do today. This is an example of?
Indirect
As a class, lets see how this works!!!
Exercise 1 (Direct Democracy): Lets vote on two new class procedures (using cell phones or chewing gum in school).
-By show of hands vote for only one of theprocedures above. We will tally the votes and theprocedure with the most votes wins.
Exercise 2 (Indirect Democracy): Lets vote on two new class procedures (using cell phones or chewing gum in school).
-For each 5 students in the class, the class will have a representative that will count as 1 vote. How many votes will our class have? Let’s see which procedure wins now!