gravity meets qcd and inertia eu-russia-jinr@dubna round table what next?: theoretical and...
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Gravity meets QCD and inertia
EU-Russia-JINR@Dubna Round TableWhat next?: Theoretical and Experimental Physics after
the discovery of the Brout-Englert-Higgs boson March 4, 2014
Oleg TeryaevBogoliubov Theoretical
Laboratory, JINR
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Main Topics Hadronic Physics and quarks/gluons couplings
to gravity: Gravitational Formfactors Equivalence Principle and Spin: rotating
frames Extension of Equivalence Principle (validity
separately for quarks and gluons): probes Quadrupole formfactors and cosmological
constant: annihilation and inflation Rotation in heavy-ion collisions
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Heavy Ion and Hadronic Physics after BEH boson discovery
QCD studies via quark-gluon matter and hadron structure
Advanced high accuracy programs – RHIC, JLab, J-Parc, COMPASS (talk of O. Denisov), GSI, NICA(talks of V. Kekelidze and I. Savin)
Relation of QCD to fundamental physics? Particular example: coupling of quarks
and gluons to gravity/inertia(rotation)
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Gravity for quarks and gluons Current or constituent quark mass?! Neither: matrix elements of energy
momentum tensor May be extracted from cross sections
of hard inclusive (<p|Tµβ |p>) and exclusive (<p|Tµβ |p’>) processes
The weakness of gravity does not matter!
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From axial to gravitational formfactors Axial FFs – crucial for determination of
neutrino-nucleon inetractions In principle: may be extracted from hard
electromagnetic processes Should the weak interaction be much
weaker, axial FFs are still accessible The same is true for gravitational FFs Unique way to probe seprately gravity
couplings to quarks and gluons
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Gravitational Formfactors
Conservation laws - zero Anomalous Gravitomagnetic Moment : (g=2)
May be extracted from high-energy experiments/NPQCD calculations
Describe the partition of angular momentum between quarks and gluons
Describe interaction with both classical and TeV gravity
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Generalized Parton Diistributions (related to matrix elements of non local operators ) – models for both EM and Gravitational Formfactors (Selyugin,OT ’09)
Smaller mass square radius (attraction vs repulsion!?)
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Equivalence principle Newtonian – “Falling elevator” – well
known and checked (also for elementary particles)
Post-Newtonian – gravity action on SPIN – known since 1962 (Kobzarev and Okun’); rederived from conservarion laws - Kobzarev and Zakharov
Anomalous gravitomagnetic (and electric-CP-odd) moment iz ZERO or
Classical and QUANTUM rotators behave in the SAME way
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Electromagnetism vs Gravity
Interaction – field vs metric deviation
Static limit
Mass as charge – equivalence principle
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Gravitomagnetism Gravitomagnetic field (weak, except in gravity
waves) – action on spin from spin dragging twice smaller than EM Lorentz force – similar to EM case: factor ½
cancelled with 2 from Larmor frequency same as EM
Orbital and Spin momenta dragging – the same - Equivalence principle
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Equivalence principle for moving particles Compare gravity and acceleration:
gravity provides EXTRA space components of metrics
Matrix elements DIFFER
Ratio of accelerations: - confirmed by explicit solution of Dirac equation (Silenko, OT, ‘05)
Arbitrary fields – Obukhov, Silenko, OT, ‘09, ‘11, ‘13
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Gravity vs accelerated frame for spin and helicity Spin precession – well known factor 3
(Probe B; spin at satellite – probe of PNEP!) – smallness of relativistic correction (~P2 ) is compensated by 1/ P2 in the momentum direction precession frequency
Helicity flip – the same! No helicity flip in gravitomagnetic field –
another formulation of PNEP (OT’99) Never tested on purpose; reinterpretation
(Silenko,OT’07) of EDM searches data – test with % accuracy for atomic spins
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Gyromagnetic and Gravigyromagnetic ratios Free particles – coincide <P+q|Tmn |P-q> = P{m<P+q|Jn}|P-q>/e up to the
terms linear in q Special role of g=2 for any spin (asymptotic freedom
for vector bosons)
Should Einstein know about PNEP, the outcome of his and de Haas experiment would not be so surprising
Recall also g=2 for Black Holes. Indication of “quantum” nature?!
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Cosmological implications of PNEP Necessary condition for Mach’s Principle (in the spirit
of Weinberg’s textbook) - Lense-Thirring inside massive
rotating empty shell (=model of Universe)
For flat “Universe” - precession frequency equal to that of shell rotation
Simple observation-Must be the same for classical and quantum rotators – PNEP!
More elaborate models - Tests for cosmology ?!
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Generalization of Equivalence principle Various arguments: AGM 0 separately for
quarks and gluons – most clear from the lattice (LHPC/SESAM) confirmed by subsequent calculations
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Extended Equivalence Principle=Exact EquiPartition In pQCD – violated Reason – in the case of ExEP- no smooth
transition for zero fermion mass limit (Milton, 73)
Conjecture (O.T., 2001 – prior to lattice data) – valid in NP QCD – zero quark mass limit is safe due to chiral symmetry breaking
Gravity proofed confinement (also when falling to Black Hole?) - gravity does not “unbalance” quark and gluon angular momenta
Supported by smallness of E (isoscalar AMM)
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Vector mesons and EEP J=1/2 -> J=1. QCD SR (Samsonov) calculation
of Rho’s AMM gives g close to 2.
Maybe because of similarity of moments g-2=<E(x)>; B=<xE(x)> Directly for charged Rho (combinations like
p+n for nucleons unnecessary!). Not reduced to non-extended EP: Gluons momentum fraction sizable
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EEP and AdS/QCD
Calculation of Rho formfactors in Holographic QCD (Grigoryan, Radyushkin) provides g=2 identically!
Experimental test at time –like region possible
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Another manifestation of post-Newtonian (E)EP for spin 1 hadrons Tensor polarization -
coupling of EMT to spin in forward matrix elements - inclusive processes
Second moments of tensor distributions should sum to zero
=0 for EEP
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HERMES – data on tensor spin structure function Isoscalar target –
proportional to the sum of u and d quarks – combination required by EEP
Second moment – compatible to zero better than the first one (collective glue << sea) – for valence:
Tests at new Drell-Yan experiments with deuteron targets (COMPASS, NICA)?
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Quadrupole FF: Inflation and annihilation Quadrupole gravitational FF
Positive fo nucleons, photons, Q-balls,…. Related to stability Vacuum – Cosmological Constant
2D effective CC – negative in scattering, positive in annihilation (=classical gravity + crossing invariance)
Similarity of inflation and Schwinger pair production – Starobisnky, Zel’dovich
NEC is also violated (should be restored by other FFs) Was OUR Big Bang resulting from one graviton annihilation at
extra dimensions?? Version of “ekpyrotic” (“pyrotechnic”) universe?
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Rotation in “Small Bang” 4-velocity -> gauge field, chemical potential ->
charge : eJµA µ -> µJµv
µ Vorticity (= curl v) acts on spin like (gravito)
magnetism µ curl v ~ eH ~ m curl g0i HIC – largest possible vorticity: velocity ~c
changes at the distances ~ Compton wavelength Inertial effects (~ gravity by EP) are LARGE Manifestations (Rogachevsky,Sorin,OT): Chiral vortical effect – charges separation
(baryon charge – neutrons@NICA) Baryons polarization: anomalous VVA correlator
in medium
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Model calculations (Baznat,Gudima,Sorin,OT) Phys.Rev. C88
(2013) 061901
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Structure of velocity and vorticity fields (5 GeV/c)
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Hydrodynamical Helicity (=v rot v) separation
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CONCLUSIONS Quarks/Gl couplings to gravity may be
studied in hadronic process and NPQCD Evidences for EP valid separately for
quarks and gluons: gravity proofed (also at BH?) confinement?
EP for deutrons may be studied in DY@COMPASS and NICA
HIC – strongest possible vorticity Manifestations under scrutiny
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Black holes at LHC
Safe Mini BH – immediately evaporated
Production mechanism – another gravity/QCD meeting point
What can QCD factorization tell?
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QCD factorization Hard subprocess (calculable) + soft parton
distributions –HADRONIC matrix elements of quark and gluon operators (uncalculable but universal)-Politzer, Collins, Efremov, Radyushkin
Do not have physical meaning separately Hard scale required
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Hadronic collisions
Different types of distributions contribute (quark, GLUON, generalized, unintegrated…)
Hard subprocesses - calculable
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What about BH? Usually – parton distributions +classical
geometric cross-section Intrinsic contradiction (parts of the
same QUANTUM amplitude) Hard scale – BH mass – MUST enter the
original amplitude to extract parton distributions
Def: BH -> Quantum state with definite mass + Hawking decay
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BH a la heavy meson
Meson: Coupling to gluons related to decay width
Up to normalization – also for BH
What is BH decay width to 2 gluons -> 2 jets (q-h duality)?!
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32
Final state of the SM process vs typical BH decay spectra
Multi-jet and hard leptons events, spherical, typical temperature about 200 GeV
Pictures by Sabine Hossenfelder
SM BH decay
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What is the overlap of thermalaized and 2jets events?
Probabilistic reasoning : |<2j|T>| ~ exp (-N )
Exponential suppression of BH production (cf M.B. Voloshine – from semiclassical arguments)
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Relations to fundamental problems of BH? Suppression – related to information loss Classical formula - irreversibility Coupling <-> decay width |<BH|2j>|=|<2j|BH>| -
T(+P=C) invariance Virtual space-like (t-channel) gluons – crossing invariabce Relation of Gravity (Hawking radiation) and QCD (jet
fragmentation) Classical BH – GG states should be prepared – extra
suppression by hard gluon exchange – weakening CMS bound?
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Other mechanisms
Extra gluons – higher twists <p|GG..G|p> - power suppression – but not exponential!
Small x – Colour Glass Condensate
Heavy Ions?
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CONCLUSIONS-BH QCD factorization – calls for quantum
consideration of BH Coupling to partons - exponentially
suppressed Related to fundamental issues of BH
physics Other empirical QCD/Gravity relations BH may be better produced in heavy
ions collisions
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CONCLUSIONS-FF EP with spin – new problem for
particle physics Spin-1 hadrons – new
manifestation A number of evidences for validity
of EP for quarks and gluons separately