Juan Minter

• Nacionalidades

• Stem Changing Verbs

• Para

• Indirect Object Pronouns

• Pronoun placement

• Gustar

• Affirmative and Negative Words

• Superlatives

• Reflexives

• Affirmative tu commands + Irregulars + Pronoun Placement

• Negative tu commands + Irregulars + Pronoun Placement

• Sequencing Events

• Adverbios

• Present Progressive

• Deber + infinitive

• Modal Verbs

• Preterite

• Trigger words

• -car, -gar, -zar

Cuesto

Yo

Costamo

s

Nosotros

Cuesta

s

Tú

Costáis

Vosotro

s

Cuest

a

El,

Ella,

Ud.

Cuesta

n

Ellos,

Ellas,

Uds.

o-ue e-i e-ie u-ue

Pido Pedimo

s

Pides Pedís

Pide Piden

Piens

o

Pensam

os

Piens

as

Pensá

is

Piens

a

Piens

an

Jueg

o

Jugamo

s

Juega

s

Jugáis

Juega Juega

n

Ex: costar Ex: pedir Ex: pensar Ex: jugar

Boot BootBoot

0-UE (ex): El vaso cuesta viente pesos.

E-IE (ex): Yo pienso la fiesta de mi hermano.

E-I (ex): ¿Pido un postre y lo compartimos?

U-UE (ex): Yo juego el baloncesto y béisbol.

When a verb corresponds to a particular

subject, it needs to be conjugated

appropriately, ex: 1st, 2nd and 3rd person and

their plural counterparts

• Means for or in order to

• It is used to indicate when you want to include for in a

sentence to emphasize possesion or belonging in most

cases.

• Ex: Yo preparo la fiesta para mi hermano.

• This means I prepare the party for my brother.

• Ex: Quisiera un bicileta para dos.

• This means I want a bicycle intended for two people to ride

(tandem).

• Vive para comer

• This means he/she lives to eat.

• Indirect object pronouns are placed after direct object pronouns to indicate to whom or for whom the action is being specified.

• Tú escribas las cartas a Anna.

• Tú le escribas las cartas.

The IOP’s can be placed in 3 places which include in between the verb and subject, attached to an infinitive, and before the DOP.

Ex (between verb and subject): Tú le escribas las cartas.

Ex (attached to an infinitive): Ellos va a comprarte los flores.

Ex (before the DOP): Yo te lo compro.

Indirect object before it is

turned into a pronoun

Me Nos

Te Vos

le Les

A Anna is changed to le because the DO

is directed toward Anna and so it is le.

These are the IOP pronouns.

Attach the pronoun

to the infinitive

Attach the pronoun to

a progressive

tense

Attach the pronoun to

an affirmative command

Place the pronoun

before the conjugated

verb

Ejemplos

• Me afeito.

• Yo te escribo las cartas a ti.

• Gustar is used to show that someone likes something

because Gustar literally means, in the infinitive, to like.

• The Pronouns that are associated with gustar are the

same as IOPs.

• Ex: Me gusta los chicharones.

• This means I like chicharones.

• Ex: Me gustas tú.

• This means I like you.

Me Nos

Te Vos

Le Les

Algo- something

Alguien- someone

Algún/ Alguno- some

Siempre- always

También- also

Affirmativos Negativos

Nada- nothing

Nadie- no one

Ningún/ Ninguno- none, not

any

Nunca- never

Tampoco- neither, either

• Affirmatives and negatives are used to give something a

negative or affirmative connotation.

• Quisiera algo de tomar.

• This means I would like something to drink.

• Quisiera nada de tomar.

• Obivously, this is negated from the former sentence

and becomes I would like nothing to drink.

• Las chicas quieren ningún postre.

• This means the girls would not like any desert.

• When you express adjectives in an exaggerated way, you have to drop the final vowel and add the ending of –ísimo(a). Then you have to make it agree with gender and number to the specific noun it modifies.

• Ex: ¡El monstruo es feoísimo!

• Ex: ¡Las ideas de Rosa son intersantísimas!

• When the last consonant is a C, G, or Z, spelling changes have to take place.

• C QU• Rico(a) riquísimo(a)

• Ex: El postre es riquísimo.

• G GU• Largo(a) larguísimo(a)

• Los pantalones son larguísimo.

• Z C• Feliz felicísimo(a)

• La fiesta es felicísima.

Male and singular

Feminine and plural

• Reflexives are used when you refer back to yourself like I wash my

self or to dry one’s hair; basically it is an action that you perform to

yourself.

• They need to be properly formatted; this is done by taking the se off

the back end of the reflexive verb. Once you do this, you can then

place it in front of the verb with one of these pronouns

• Reflexives only end in se

• So, (acostarse)

• Step 1: conjugate (yo) acuesto

• Step 2: add appropriate reflexive pronoun

• Where can you put them? • In front of a conjugated verb

• Attached to a gerund

• Attached to infinitive

• Attached to an affirmative command

Me Nos

Te Os

Se Se

Affirmative Túcommand

Simply drop the ‘S’

Can attach DOP to endingAffirmative Tú

• ¡Come!

• This means, eat! It is an affirmative command put in tú form the s dropped.

• ¡Habla!

• ¡Roba!

• ¡Estudia!

• Irregulares Di, Haz, Ve, Pon, Sal, Sé, Ten, Ven

• Di Decir say or tell

• Haz Hacer make or do

• Ve Ir go

• Pon Poner put

• Sal Salir leave

• Sé Ser be

• Ten Tener have

• Ven Venir come

Pronnoun Placement

• Attach to infintive

• Gerund

• Before a conjugated verb

• Affirmative Command

• Negativos

• These are used to indicate something is not.

• TV DISHES

• Tener No tengas

• Venir No Vengas

• Dar/ Decir No des/ digas

• Ir No vegas

• Ser No Seas

• Hacer No hagas

• Estar No estes

• Saber No Sepas

Negative Túcommand

Put in ‘yo’ form

Change to the opposite vowel

Ar e

Er, ir a

Add an ‘S’

Pronoun Placement

• Infinitive

• Gerund

• Before conjugated verb

• Affirmative command

• There are many sequencing words used to indicate time

and place. They include primero, entonces, luego/

después, por fin, antes de/ después de, por la mañana/

tarde/ noche, los lunes

• Ex: Primero, Alberto se afeita por la mañana.

• Después de se ducha, se acuesta.

• Antes de me pongo la ropa, me maquillo.

• Luego, se duerme.

• Por fin, me duerme.

• In Spanish, preterite is used to signify past actions that

are completed. Basically they show words like played or

danced.

• Most any verb can be conjugated in this manner. All you

have to do is drop the –ar, -er, -ir ending and add one of

these for –ar

• If you have a verb ending in –er/-ir, drop the ending and

add

É Amos

Aste asteis

ó aron

Í Imos

Iste Isteis

ió ieron

Ella camino por al parque.

-She walked through the park.

Ayer escribí tres cartas.

-Yesterday, I wrote three letters.

English Spanish

One day Un día

Once Una vez

Yesterday Ayer

At night A noche

A year ago Hace un año

Already Ya

Last month El mes pasado

Day before

yesterday

Anteayer

For one hour Por una hora

Finally Porfin

At eight A las ocho

On February fifth El cinco de febrero

twice Dos veces

• Trigger words are the words used to

Signify that a preterite is about to take

Place. In a sense, they are beacons that

Help us identify preterites and these are

Only a few of the countless trigger words

Possible.

Ex: Ayer, escribí tres cartas.

-Yesterday I wrote three letters.

• Tocar, jugar, and comenzar are all irregular preterite

verbs. In fact, any verb ending in car, gar, or zar is

irregular for preterites. This is almost the same as in

other verbs because what happens here is that for a verb

with a car, gar, or zar ending, the yo form is affected.

Toqué Tocamo

s

Tocaste Tocastei

s

tocó Tocaron

Jugué Jugamo

s

Jugaste Jugastei

s

Jugó Jugaron

Comencé Comenzam

os

Comenzaste Comenzaste

is

comenzó comenzaron

Tocar Jugar Comenzar

Ex: Yo toqué deportes de Futbol Americano y Beisbol.

- I played the sports of Football and Baseball.

• Deber + infinitive is used to show when someone should do something. When you want to say that someone should do something, you conjugate deber appropriately then add an infinitive.

• Step 1- conjugate deber

• Step 2- add infinitive

Ex: Yo debo pasar la aspiradora.

-I should vacuum.

Ex: Diego debe sacar la basura.

-Diego should take out the trash.

Debo Debemos

Debes ----------

debe deben

• Modal verbs are verbs are the verbs used in verb combinations. These verbs when combined make It so that the modal verb is conjuagted leaving the verb after it in the infinitive form.

• Ex: Deber: should, ought to• Desear: to desire

• Necesitar: to need

• Poder: can, could, might, be able to

• Querer: want, would like to

• Saber: know, know how to

• Soler: usually, used to

• Ex: Yo debo pasar la aspiradora.

• I should vacuum. Debo is the modal verb in this case.

• Present progressives are used to show –ing endings. Present progressives are used to show actions taking place in the present.

• To make a verb present progressive, first conjugate estar to fit with the subject. Yo estoy

• Then, take a verb, drop its ar, ir, or er ending and add the proper ing ending. Yo estoy pasando la aspiradora.

• Estar + ing

• AR ending ANDO ending

• ER/IR ending IENDO ending

• Exception: if there is a 3 vowel conjugation, the ing ending becomes yendo

• Ex: Yo estoy creyendo come from creer which normally would be creiendo

• Ex: Diego está quitando el polvo.

• When modifying a verb, we use adverbs. In spanish, this

is denoted by the –mente ending. Many adverbs only

require changing the ending.

• For e, l, or z endings, just add –mente

• For adjectives ending in –o or –a endings, change their

gender. This means change –o to –a before adding –

mente, and changing –a to –o before adding –mente.

• EX: Yo estoy paso la aspiradora cuidadosomente

• Taken from the adjective cuidadosa, I vacuum carefully

• Ella está quitando el polvo lentement.

• She is dusting slowly.