Grammar and Vocabulary 2Grammar and Vocabulary 2

Politics was a compulsory subject Politics was a compulsory subject for us at school. We progressed for us at school. We progressed ________ outline explanations of ________ outline explanations of different political movements from different political movements from fascism to communism and were fascism to communism and were examined on our understandings examined on our understandings of types of government from of types of government from ________________________ to democracy. to democracy.

throughthrough

dictatorshipsdictatorships

Making Sense of PoliticsMaking Sense of Politics

We watched footage of the We watched footage of the Government in active debate in Government in active debate in the Houses of Parliament and the Houses of Parliament and learned ______ the process of learned ______ the process of law-making from proposal of law-making from proposal of _____ to final legislation. _____ to final legislation.

aboutabout

billbill

We _____ taught the divisions We _____ taught the divisions of of the political spectrum the political spectrum and and differences between right and differences between right and left-wing politics. To sum ____, left-wing politics. To sum ____, we learned a substantial amount we learned a substantial amount of political jargon and theory.of political jargon and theory.

werewere

upup

But ______ majority of us, the But ______ majority of us, the notion of 'politics' was unrelated to notion of 'politics' was unrelated to anything we felt was immediately anything we felt was immediately relevant. ___ individuals, we had relevant. ___ individuals, we had little influence, we believed, ____ little influence, we believed, ____ what our political what our political leaders (elected leaders (elected by our parents) decided to do in by our parents) decided to do in our name. our name.

for thefor the

AsAsoverover

________ the MP who ________ the MP who rrepresented the constituency epresented the constituency where I lived _____ socialist, where I lived _____ socialist, liberal or conservative views liberal or conservative views on education or defence was on education or defence was of little importance to me. of little importance to me.

WhetherWhether

heldheld

As far as I was __________ As far as I was __________ what mattered what mattered was that my was that my father _____ his job and that father _____ his job and that nobody stole my motorbike. nobody stole my motorbike. I saw no association I saw no association between the two lines of between the two lines of thought. Politics bored me.thought. Politics bored me.

concernedconcerned

keptkept

As an adult, ________, and As an adult, ________, and father of a young family as father of a young family as well as _____ a homeowner well as _____ a homeowner and taxpayer, I feel and taxpayer, I feel the the immediate repercussions of immediate repercussions of party politics on my daily life.party politics on my daily life.

howeverhowever

beingbeing

My responsibility to elect a My responsibility to elect a politician _______ views I respect politician _______ views I respect and endorse is clear. As a and endorse is clear. As a teenager, I neither fully teenager, I neither fully understood ____ cared about the understood ____ cared about the wider picture and that, I believe, is wider picture and that, I believe, is why most young people fail to why most young people fail to _____ any interest in political _____ any interest in political debate.debate.

nornor

taketake

whosewhose

In September 2000, at the United Nations In September 2000, at the United Nations Millennium Summit, world leaders Millennium Summit, world leaders agreed agreed to a ____ of time-bound and measurable to a ____ of time-bound and measurable goals and targets for combating poverty, goals and targets for combating poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation, and discrimination _______ degradation, and discrimination _______ women, and placed them at the heart of women, and placed them at the heart of the global agenda.the global agenda.

setset

againstagainst

Millennium Development GoalMillennium Development Goal

World leaders ______ repeatedly World leaders ______ repeatedly confirmed their commitment ___ confirmed their commitment ___ the goals, and ___ consolidating the goals, and ___ consolidating a global partnership that would a global partnership that would improve the lives of poor people improve the lives of poor people around the world ______ the around the world ______ the timespan of one generation.timespan of one generation.

totototo

withinwithin

havehave

We ____ now passed the midpoint We ____ now passed the midpoint between the adoption of the goals between the adoption of the goals and the target date of 2015. There and the target date of 2015. There ____ been progress, but in most ____ been progress, but in most parts of the world much more parts of the world much more needs to ____ done.needs to ____ done.

havehave

hashas

bebe

____ respect to the eighth goal—to ____ respect to the eighth goal—to create a global partnership for create a global partnership for development—Member States development—Member States have _____ concrete commitmentshave _____ concrete commitmentsfocusing in particular ___ the areas focusing in particular ___ the areas of trade, official development of trade, official development assistance, external debt, essential assistance, external debt, essential medicines and technology. medicines and technology.

WithWith

mademadeonon

Such steps are important in their Such steps are important in their own right but would also _______ own right but would also _______ critical support ____ attaining the critical support ____ attaining the other goals. other goals. A number of United A number of United Nations inter-agency processes Nations inter-agency processes track whether goals one to seven track whether goals one to seven are _____ met at both the global are _____ met at both the global ____ national levels.____ national levels.

provideprovideforfor

beingbeingandand

But it ____ proved more difficult But it ____ proved more difficult to assess whether the global to assess whether the global partnership for development is partnership for development is ______ put in place, and _______ ______ put in place, and _______ international commitments are international commitments are ______ fulfilled.______ fulfilled.

hashas

beingbeing whetherwhether

beingbeing

This first report ______ clear that This first report ______ clear that ______ there has been progress ______ there has been progress on many fronts, the delivery ____ on many fronts, the delivery ____ commitments has been deficient commitments has been deficient and has fallen ______ schedule.and has fallen ______ schedule.

makesmakeswhilewhile

onon

behindbehind

A shared future for all will not be A shared future for all will not be possible without globally concerted possible without globally concerted action and strong partnerships. action and strong partnerships. ____ this midpoint in our work ____ this midpoint in our work towards meeting the 2015 towards meeting the 2015 deadline, it is essential that all deadline, it is essential that all partners accelerate ____ efforts to partners accelerate ____ efforts to deliver ___ the promises they deliver ___ the promises they have ______.have ______.

AtAt

theirtheironon

mademade

Only slow progress has been Only slow progress has been ______ in meeting the MDG ______ in meeting the MDG target of developing further an target of developing further an open, rule-based, predictable, open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and non-discriminatory trading and financial system and ________ financial system and ________ tariff- and quota-free access ___ tariff- and quota-free access ___ the least developed countries’ the least developed countries’ exports.exports.

mademade

providingprovidingforfor

Member States should _____ Member States should _____ clearer and stronger commitments clearer and stronger commitments ____ expand Aid for Trade ____ expand Aid for Trade resources to assist low-income resources to assist low-income countries in realizing _____ countries in realizing _____ productive and export potential productive and export potential and in supporting their efforts to and in supporting their efforts to create productive employment.create productive employment.

makemake

toto

theirtheir

The emergence of significant The emergence of significant new challenges resulting _____ new challenges resulting _____ high food prices and their impact high food prices and their impact on poverty and hunger _____ on poverty and hunger _____ given additional impetus ____given additional impetus ____recognizing past policy failures in recognizing past policy failures in ensuring national and global food ensuring national and global food security.security.

fromfrom

hashastoto

The popularity of the U.S. The popularity of the U.S. economic model is ________. economic model is ________. To put globalization back on To put globalization back on track, President Barack Obama track, President Barack Obama must articulate the benefits of must articulate the benefits of open markets and free trade.open markets and free trade.

a) enhancinga) enhancing

b) haulingb) hauling

c) lengtheningc) lengthening

d) waningd) waning

It is now clear that the global It is now clear that the global economic crisis will be deep economic crisis will be deep and prolonged and that it will and prolonged and that it will have _________ geopolitical have _________ geopolitical consequences.consequences.

a) far-reachinga) far-reaching

b) sinningb) sinning

c) uneventfulc) uneventful

d) meagerd) meager

The long movement _______ The long movement _______ market liberalization ___ stopped, market liberalization ___ stopped, and a new period of state and a new period of state intervention, reregulation, and intervention, reregulation, and creeping protectionism ____ creeping protectionism ____ begun. begun.

towardtowardhashas

hashas

The long movement _______ The long movement _______ market liberalization ___ stopped, market liberalization ___ stopped, and a new period of state and a new period of state intervention, reregulation, and intervention, reregulation, and creeping protectionism ____ creeping protectionism ____ begun. begun.

towardtowardhashas

hashas

The ___________ wisdom that The ___________ wisdom that everyone wins in a single world everyone wins in a single world market has been undermined.market has been undermined.

a) long-rangea) long-range

b) long-standingb) long-standing

c) long-rootedc) long-rooted

d) longsomed) longsome

Global trade, capital flows, Global trade, capital flows, and immigration ___ declining. and immigration ___ declining. It also has not gone unnoticed It also has not gone unnoticed that nations with insulated that nations with insulated financial systems, _____ as financial systems, _____ as China and India, have suffered China and India, have suffered ____ least economic damage. ____ least economic damage.

areare

suchsuch

thethe

Furthermore, _____ will be less global Furthermore, _____ will be less global leadership and less coordination leadership and less coordination between nations. The G-7 (the group between nations. The G-7 (the group of highly industrialized states) and the of highly industrialized states) and the G-20 (the group of finance ministers G-20 (the group of finance ministers and central-bank governors _____ the and central-bank governors _____ the world's largest economies) have ____ world's largest economies) have ____ unable to respond effectively to this unable to respond effectively to this crisis, _____ than by expanding the crisis, _____ than by expanding the International Monetary Fund (IMF).International Monetary Fund (IMF).

therethere

fromfrombeenbeen

otherother

United States is also less United States is also less capable ___ making these capable ___ making these institutions work and, ____ institutions work and, ____ the medium term, will be the medium term, will be less dominant. less dominant.

ofofoverover

Correct mistakesCorrect mistakes

This coincide with the movement This coincide with the movement away from an unipolar world, that away from an unipolar world, that the downturn have accelerated. the downturn have accelerated. The United States will now be The United States will now be focused inward and constrained focused inward and constrained with unemployment and fiscal with unemployment and fiscal pressures.pressures.

coicidescoicides a unipolara unipolar

whichwhichhashasbyby

Much of the world also blame Much of the world also blame U.S. finance excesses for the U.S. finance excesses for the global recession. This has put global recession. This has put the U.S. model of free-market the U.S. model of free-market capitalism out of favor. capitalism out of favor. The deserved global goodwill The deserved global goodwill for President Barack Obamafor President Barack Obamamitigates some of this, but notmitigates some of this, but notall of it.all of it.

blamesblamesfinancialfinancial

towardtoward

In addition, the crisis has exposed In addition, the crisis has exposed weaknesses with the European weaknesses with the European Union. Economical divergence is Union. Economical divergence is raising, as the three strongest EU raising, as the three strongest EU nations -- France, Germany, and the nations -- France, Germany, and the United Kingdom -- disagreed with a United Kingdom -- disagreed with a response to the crisis and refused response to the crisis and refused pleas for emergency assistance from pleas for emergency assistance from eastern Europe.eastern Europe.

withinwithin EconomicEconomic

risingrising

have disagreed onhave disagreed on

The absence of a true single The absence of a true single currency have proved inhibited. currency have proved inhibited. And the European Central Bank And the European Central Bank has emerged as more cautious has emerged as more cautious and less powerful than a lot and less powerful than a lot expected.expected.

hashas inhibitinginhibiting

manymany

Such a lack of strength and unity Such a lack of strength and unity in the West is untimely, because in the West is untimely, because the crash will increase geopolitic the crash will increase geopolitic instability. Certain flashpoint instability. Certain flashpoint countries that raised with the oil countries that raised with the oil and commodity boom, such as and commodity boom, such as Iran and Russia, will now come Iran and Russia, will now come under great economic pressure.under great economic pressure.

Such lackSuch lack geopoliticalgeopolitical

roserose

Others, already unstable nations, Others, already unstable nations, such as Pakistan, could such as Pakistan, could disintegrate. And poverty will raise disintegrate. And poverty will raise sharply in a number of African sharply in a number of African countries. All this imply a less countries. All this imply a less coherent world. coherent world.

OtherOther riserise

impliesimplies