Grammar and usage

2 现在完成进行时的构成：• have/ has been + doing

现在完成进行时 (Present perfect continuous tense):1 ）表示某一动作在过去开始发生，已持续到现在，并还将持续；或刚刚停止，但与现在有关。

2. He is very tired, because he has been cleaning the room.

1. We have been learning English for three years.

3.3.II have not been sleepinghave not been sleeping well since I returned hwell since I returned home.ome.

4.4.Kelly:Kelly: Sorry I’m late.Sorry I’m late. HaveHave youyou been wabeen waitingiting long?long?MavisMavis: : Yes.Yes. I’ve been waitingI’ve been waiting for an hourfor an hour..

•注意

表示短暂动作的动词，如 finish,marry,get up,

come,go 等不能用于这种时态的此意思。

完成下列句子：• An action which began in the past and is still

continuing or has only just finished can, with certain

verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or

present perfect continuous. Verbs which can be used

in this way included write,work,read, study, learn,

drink,eat,play, talk,watch,live, sleep, sit, wait,

rain, etc.

• 1 How long _____ you ________ (learn )English?

• 2 It _____________ (snow) for a long time.

havelearnt

been learninghas snowed

has been snowing

2 ）现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在的重复性动作

• 现在完成进行时的这种用法所表示的并不是一直在进行的动作，而是断断续续地反复发生的动作。如：

• The old lady has been telling the story for ten years.

• That reporter has been contributing articles to this magazine all these years.

Finish the exercise on Page 9

They ____________________ to me since 1964. They speak English well!

have been talking

I also know some Yetis. I _________________ photos of them since 1977.have been taking

I _____________________ the Loch Ness Monster on the Internet too.have been watching

Recently I _________ an unusual number of UFOs!

have seen

I _____________________ a book n UFOs. I should be able to finish it early next year.have been writing

• present perfect 　　　　　 vs.present perfect continuous

Li Jia has read a book about stonehenge.(She finished reading the book.)

Li Jia has been reading a book about stonehenge. (She is still reading the book.)

I have read Harry Porter & the Half-Blood Prince.

I have been reading Harry Porter & the Half-Blood Prince.

Have you finished your reading?

• My parents have visited U.S.A. twice this month.

• My parents have been visiting U.S.A. for two weeks .

Where are my parents now?

Where are my parents now?

现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：

• 一 现在完成时表示事件或动作完结，而现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续或反复出现。

• 1 I have read an English novel. • 2 I have been reading an English novel.• 二 现在完成时可以用表示状态的动词或表示

动作的动词做谓语，而现在完成进行时则只能用表示动作的动词做谓语。

• 3 I have had his book for two months.• 4 I have been reading this book for two week

s.

动态动词与静态动词• An action means something happening or ch

anging. Some examples of action verbs are do, go, and play….

• A state means something staying the same. Some examples of state verbs are

• （ 1 ） be,have( 有 )• （ 2 ）表示感觉的词• feel,hear,see,smell,taste…• （ 3 ）表示心理或情感状态的动词• like,love,hate,fear,mind,know,believe, u

nderstand ,wish,hope,prefer

• 1 I _______ (have ) this camera for five years.

• 2 I ______________ ( take ) photos of UFOs with this camera.

have had

have takenhave been taking

• twice 等表示次数的词只与完成时连用；而 for ， since 引导的时间状语则可以与完成进行时连用。

• 1 I______________ (visit) Egypt twice this month.

• 2 I__________________ (tour) Egypt for two months.

have visited

have been touring

How many times / How long

• 1 ______________ have you swum in the lake?

• 2 _____________ have you been swimming in the lake?

How many times

How long

• 完成时　 • 完成进行时

• always, never, ever, yet, already, 不能用于完成进行时态中。

• 1 I __________________ (never visit ) Paris.

• 2 I ___________________ (already be) to Paris.

have never visited

have already been

• I have been learning English for three years.

• I learned English for three years.• I have learned English for three

years.

• I have written the novel.

• I have been writing the novel.

１．― Kate doesn’t look very well. What’s wrong with her? ―She has a headache because she ______ too long; she ought to stop work. A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. was reading２．“ Tell the students to stop shouting. We ______ our essays .” A. write B. have been writing C. are writing D. have written

３ . My uncle, Sam,______ manager of the firm. A. has just made B. is just being made C. has just been made D. is just made４ . This is the first time the students ______ to Hyde Park. A. have gone B. have been gone C. have been going D. are being gone５ . She ______ her mother’s work since she was admitted into hospital. A. is doing B. has been doing C. has done D. has been done

６ . ―Don’t put the waste on the ground. ―Oh, I’m very sorry. I ______ the dustbin

there. A. don’t see B. isn’t seeing C. didn’t see D. haven’t seen７ . Good heavens! There you are! We _________

anxious about you. We _____ you back much earlier all through the night.

A. are; expect B. were; had expected C. will be; are expecting D. have been; were expecting

• ８ . Customers are asked to make sure that they _____ the right change before leaving the shop ．

• A. will have B. have been 　　• 　　　　　　　　　　　 given

• C. have given D. will be given

• ９ A: ______ leave at the end of this • month. • B: I don’t think you should do that until • ______ another job. • A. I’m going to; you’d found • B. I’m going to; you’ve found • C. I’ll; you’ll found • D. I’ll; you’d found

Choose the right words

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