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JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION EDUCATOR 184

Annual Enrollment Report:Growth in Number of StudentsStudying Journalism and MassCommunication Slows

LEE B. BECKER, TUDOR VLAD, JISU HUH, AND GEORGE L. DANIELS

Undergraduate enrollments injournalism and mass communicationprograms in the United States contin-ued to grow in academic year 2001-2002 in comparison with a year earlier.An estimated 171,941 undergraduatestudents were studying journalismacross the country, up 2.2% from aca-demic year 2000-2001.

The percentage of growth at 2.2%is considerably lower than the 12%growth rate of the previous year. In2001-2002, the number of freshmen en-rolled in journalism and mass commu-nication programs actually declined1.6% from a year earlier, signaling apotential slowing of growth in the up-coming years.

The number of students enrolledin graduate studies in journalism andmass communication declined again in

Lee B. Becker ([email protected]) is a professor in the Grady College of Journalismand Mass Communication and director of the James M. Cox Jr. Center for InternationalMass Communication Training and Research at the University of Georgia. Tudor Vlad isassistant director of the Cox Center, where Jisu Huh and George L. Daniels are doctoralstudents and research assistants.

academic year 2001-2002 comparedwith a year earlier. The number of stu-dents enrolled in master’s degree pro-grams in journalism and mass commu-nication dropped 2.6% in the autumnof 2001 compared with a year earlier,and doctoral program enrollmentdropped 16.2%.

These are among the key findingsof the 2001 Annual Survey of Journal-ism & Mass Communication Enroll-ments.1 In addition, the survey showed:

• The number of bachelor’sdegrees granted in academicyear 2000-2001 was 38,432;very close to the 38,294undergraduate degrees grant-ed a year before, while thenumber of graduate degreesgranted declined 3.7%.

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• The percentage of studentsin journalism and masscommunication pro-gramswho are women grew again in2001-2002, resulting in thehighest percentages at thebachelor’s, master’s anddoctoral levels, probably sincethe end of World War II.• The percentage of African-American students enrolled inundergraduate journalism andmass comm-unicationprograms was 12.2 in theautumn of 2001, while thepercentage of Hispanicstudents was 6.7.• Nearly one in 10 of thoseenrolled in master’s degreeprograms in journalism andmass communication in theautumn of 2001 was African-American, while the per-centage of Hispanic students inmaster’s degree programs in2001 was 4.1.• Nearly one in 10 of thoseenrolled in doctoral programsin journalism and masscommunication was African-American. Hispanic enroll-ment was 2.2%.

Methodology The methods used in the Annual

Survey of Journalism & Mass Commu-nication Enrollments have remainedunchanged since 1988. Schools listedin either the Journalism & Mass Com-munication Directory, published by theAssociation for Education in Journal-ism and Mass Communication, or TheJournalist’s Road to Success: A CareerGuide, formerly published and printedby the Dow Jones Newspaper Fund,

Inc., and now available on the web, areincluded in the population.2 All de-gree-granting senior colleges and uni-versities with courses organized underthe labels of journalism and mass com-munication are invited to be listed inthe AEJMC Directory. To be includedin the Guide, the college or universitymust offer at least 10 courses in news-editorial journalism, and those coursesmust include core courses, such as anintroduction to the mass media andpress law and ethics, as well as basicskills courses, such as reporting andediting. Since 1992, the two journal-ism programs listed in the AEJMC Di-rectory in Puerto Rico have been in-cluded in the population.

A combination of these two direc-tories produced 466 listings in 2001.In October 2001, a questionnaire wasmailed to the administrator of each ofthese programs. A second mailing ofthis same questionnaire was sent to thenon-responding schools in December.A third mailing was sent to the non-responding schools in January 2002. InFebruary, the administrators were senta fourth mailing. The administrators ofthe programs that had not respondedby the beginning of April were con-tacted by telephone and asked to an-swer as many of the questions over thetelephone as possible.

The questionnaire asked the ad-ministrators to provide information ontotal enrollment in the autumn of 2001,enrollment by year in school, enroll-ment by sequence of study, enrollmentby gender, and enrollment by racial orethnic group. In addition, administra-tors were asked to indicate the num-ber and type of degrees granted in the2000-2001 academic year, degreesgranted by sequence of study, degreesgranted by gender, and degrees granted


by racial group.Eight of the 466 programs were

eliminated from the population whenthe administrator returned a question-naire indicating that the program nolonger offered journalism or when atelephone call produced that same re-sponse. Data were obtained, either bymail or over the telephone, for all ofthe remaining 458 programs in thepopulation. Of these, 329 were listedin both directories, 71 were only in theAEJMC listing, and 58 were only in theDow Jones Guide.3

As in the past, there was great vari-ability in the detail and precision ofthe information administrators pro-vided. Some administrators answeredevery question asked; others answeredonly a few. Data on degrees offered andenrollments at the bachelor’s, master’sand doctoral level were obtained fromall of the 458 programs. All of the 458programs except four offered bachelor’sdegree programs, 177 offered master’sdegree programs, and 39 offered doc-toral programs. Data on degrees grantedat the undergraduate level were ob-tained for 432 of the 454 undergradu-ate programs, or 95.1%. For master’sprograms, the number was 159 of 177,or 89.8%. Thirty-eight of the 39 doc-toral programs reported number of de-grees granted, or 97.4%.

Data from the program administra-tors were entered into a data file. In-consistencies in the original docu-ments, where noted, were corrected,sometimes by eliminating obviouslyerroneous information. Reports by pro-gram administrators that were notclearly in error were taken as accurate.

The AEJMC Directory lists mem-bership of the Association of Schoolsof Journalism and Mass Communica-tion (ASJMC) and accreditation by the

Accrediting Council on Education inJournalism and Mass Communications(ACEJMC). This information was in-cluded in the data file.4 The most com-plete data were available for the 107accredited programs.5 In general, lesscomplete data were available for the 95schools that were members of ASJMCbut not accredited by ACEJMC. The 256schools without accreditation orASJMC membership had the least com-plete data. In general, these latterschools are smaller than the accreditedor ASJMC-affiliated schools.

These two characteristics — ac-creditation and ASJMC membership —serve as ways of differentiating the 458journalism and mass communicationprograms in the population. As was thecase in recent years, these two charac-teristics were used in 2001 to makeprojections based on the data reported.Data from the reporting accreditedschools were used to estimate charac-teristics of the accredited schools forwhich there was any missing informa-tion. Similarly, statistical means fromthe nonaccredited ASJMC schools wereused to estimate missing data for simi-lar schools, and data from the nonac-credited schools not affiliated withASJMC were used to estimate missingdata for those schools. The overall es-timates, then, were based on completeinformation and best approximationsabout data not reported.6

To test the accuracy of these pro-jections as well as gain a sense of thebreadth of the population of journal-ism and mass communication pro-grams used in the Annual Survey ofJournalism & Mass Communication En-rollments, data obtained from the sur-vey were supplemented in 2001 withdata gathered by the U.S. Governmentthrough the Integrated Postsecondary

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Education Data System.The Integrated Postsecondary Edu-

cation Data System (IPEDS) is the corepostsecondary education data collec-tion program of the National Center forEducation Statistics (NCES), a unit ofthe Department of Education. IPEDS isdesigned to collect data from all pri-mary providers of postsecondary edu-cation, including universities and col-leges, as well as institutions offeringtechnical and vocational educationbeyond the high school level. IPEDSconsists of a series of interrelated sur-veys to collect institution-level data insuch areas as enrollments, programcompletions, faculty, staff and finances.

IPEDS gathers data on degreesgranted by race/ethnicity and gender,by major. Major is classified by a six-digit CIP (Classification of InstructionalProgram) code. Beginning in the au-tumn of 2000, IPEDS data were col-lected via the Web. A preliminary fileof reports on degrees granted was avail-able from the Web in early 2002. His-torically, IPEDS data have been re-leased more than a year after they havebeen gathered.

EnrollmentsJournalism and mass communica-

tion programs enrolled 182,182 stu-dents in the autumn of 2001, an in-crease of 1.8% from the previous year.Of these students, 171,941 were en-rolled in undergraduate programs, and10,241 were enrolled in graduate pro-grams.

Undergraduate enrollment grew2.2%, while graduate enrollment actu-ally declined 4.4%. Enrollment at themaster’s level was down 2.6%, andenrollment at the doctoral level was off16.2% from a year earlier. Because of

the growth in enrollment at the under-graduate level and the decline at thegraduate level, the field of journalismand mass communication became evenmore concentrated on undergraduateinstruction. In 2001, 94.4% of the stu-dents in journalism and mass commu-nication programs were undergradu-ates, while that figure was 94.0% a yearearlier. The decline in enrollment atthe master’s level has been relativelyconstant since 1995, as Figure 1 makesclear, while doctoral enrollment —small in comparison — stood in 2001at just above its level in 1996. In 1995,undergraduate enrollment made up91.6% of the total enrollment in jour-nalism and mass communication pro-grams around the country.

While enrollments at the under-graduate level grew by 2.2% in theautumn of 2001 compared to a yearearlier, growth in enrollments in 2000had increased 12.0% from 1999. In2000, enrollments were up more than11% at each of the freshman throughsenior levels. In 2001, enrollment de-clined 1.6% at the freshman level andwas up 6.9% at the sophomore level,1.6% at the junior level and 2.2% atthe senior level.

Undergraduate enrollments, infact, were 33.9% higher in the autumnof 2001 than in the autumn of 1993,when enrollments started to grow againafter a decline that began in 1989. That33.9% increase reflects a gain of 43,574students. The slowing of growth in2001 versus a year earlier and the ac-tual decline in the number of freshmanenrolled suggest a softening demandfor the journalism and mass commu-nication major in the weakenedeconomy. The drop in enrollments inthe early 1990s mirrors the weakening

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economy at that time.In fact, national projections of en-

rollments at the undergraduate levelare based in part on the national un-employment rate.7 Undergraduate en-rollments nationally declined from1992 to 1995, following the weakeconomy, and only in 1999 surpassedthe level of enrollments in 1992.8 Un-dergraduate enrollments also are influ-enced by the size of the 18- to 24-year-old population as well as the size ofthe 25- to 29-year old population. Bothdropped in the 1987 to 1997 period.9

The size of the 18- to 24-year-old seg-ment of the population has grown since1997, while the size of the 25- to 29-year-old segment isn’t expected to growfor another year or so.

The National Center for EducationStatistics (NCES) actually producesthree different projections for univer-sity enrollments. Based on the middlealternative, undergraduate enrollmentsin the 2000-2006 period should growan average of 1.1% per year, comparedwith actual growth of 1.2% on averagefor each of the years in the 1994-2000period. The low alternative projectionis for average growth of 0.6% per yearfrom 2000-2006.10

Nationally, graduate enrollmentshave kept pace with undergraduateenrollments, unlike the situation injournalism and mass communication.In the 1994-2000 period, graduate en-rollments grew, on average,1.2% peryear. NCES has projected an averagegrowth rate of 0.7%, using the middlealternative, for the 2000-2006 period.11

The low alternative projection showsactual declines. The higher unemploy-ment rate in the weak economy maymake even the middle alternative con-servative, as graduate enrollments doseem to increase when the economy

softens. Graduate enrollment nation-ally grew 3.3% from 1990 to 1991 and1.8% from 1991 to 1992, when theeconomy was struggling.

The 2001 undergraduate enroll-ment count is based on reports of the454 units offering undergraduate jour-nalism and mass communication pro-grams. In 2000, there were 459 suchprograms. The number of master’s pro-grams in 2001 was 177 — the same asin 2000. In 2001, 39 of the journalismand mass communication programs inthe population reported offering a doc-torate, down from 41 a year earlier.12

The largest undergraduate programin terms of enrollments in 2001 was atPenn State University, where the Col-lege of Communications enrolled 3,231students. The University of Florida’sCollege of Journalism and Communi-cations enrolled 3,118 students, andMiddle Tennessee State University’sCollege of Mass Communication en-rolled 2,888 students. California StateUniversity Fullerton, the University ofCentral Florida and Boston University,the next three programs in terms of size,also enrolled more than 2,000 studentseach. Filling out the top ten in terms ofsize were the University of the SacredHeart in Puerto Rico, Ball State Uni-versity, Syracuse University and theUniversity of Alabama. Penn State,Florida, Middle Tennessee State andCalifornia State at Fullerton had beenthe top programs (in that order) in en-rollments in 2000, behind the Univer-sity of Texas at Austin, which reportedCollege of Communication enrollmentat 3,508. In 2001, Texas reported onlythe enrollment in the School of Jour-nalism, at 772.13

In terms of master’s level enroll-ments, the largest programs in 2001were Syracuse University, with 380


students enrolled, Boston University,with 332, and Columbia University,with 312. American University, BallState University, and Roosevelt Univer-sity in Illinois also reported master’slevel enrollments of more than 200.Northwestern University, the Univer-sity of Missouri, the University ofFlorida, and Georgia State Universityfilled out the top 10 in terms of pro-gram size.

Howard University was the larg-est doctoral program in terms of enroll-ment in 2001, with 68 students. TheUniversity of Utah had 65 studentsenrolled in its doctoral program in theautumn of 2001, and Purdue Univer-sity had 56 students. The University ofSouthern Mississippi, the University ofWisconsin, Madison, School of Journal-ism and Mass Communication, and theUniversity of North Carolina at ChapelHill also had enrollments of 50 or more.Other large programs, in order, were atDuquesne University in Pennsylvania,Southern Illinois University inCarbondale, the University of Florida,the University of Missouri, and theSchool of Journalism at the Universityof Texas.

Enrollments for each of the 458journalism and mass communicationprograms are shown in the Appendixat the end of this report.

Degrees GrantedWhile enrollments represent stu-

dent interests and administrative re-sponsibility of the journalism and masscommunication programs, degreesgranted represent the output. In aca-demic year 2000-2001, output of thejournalism and mass communicationprograms increased only 0.1% over ayear earlier.

Between Sept. 1, 2000, and Aug.31, 2001, the nation’s 458 journalismand mass communication programsgranted 41,834 degrees, or 23 morethan in academic year 1999-2000. Thenumber of bachelor’s degrees (38,432)increased by 0.4%, while the numberof graduate degrees (3,402) declinedby 3.3% (Figure 2). The programsgranted 3,237 master’s degrees (a dropof 1.9%) and 165 doctoral degrees (adecline of 24.0%).

The University of Florida offeredthe largest number of bachelor’s de-grees, with 680, followed by Penn State(655), and California State UniversityFullerton (636). Other programs, inorder of number of degrees granted,were Boston University, Middle Ten-nessee State University, Syracuse Uni-versity, the University of Washington,Ohio State University, the Universityof Utah, and the University of Georgia.

Columbia University granted 264master’s degrees in academic year2000-2001, while Boston Universityoffered 173 and Northwestern offered147. Other large programs, in terms ofdegrees granted, were (in order of size)at American University, Ball State,Syracuse, the University of Florida,Roosevelt, the University of Missouri,and the University of California at Ber-keley.

Howard had the largest doctoralclass, with 15 students receiving theirdegrees during the 2000-2001 aca-demic year. The University of NorthCarolina at Chapel Hill and PurdueUniversity both had 11 graduates.Other large programs, in order, wereat Penn State, the University of Mis-souri, the University of Wisconsin,Madison, School of Journalism, theUniversity of New Mexico, the Univer-sity of Utah, the University of Florida,


the University of Alabama, Ohio StateUniversity, and the University of Iowa.

Degrees granted for the journalismand mass communication programsproviding such data are shown in theAppendix at the end of this report.

IPEDS Data on DegreesGranted

The Annual Survey of Journalism& Mass Communication Enrollmentsincludes only programs that labelthemselves as having a mass commu-nication orientation or component(through their inclusion in the AEJMCDirectory) or that have a journalismcore (as indicated by their listing in theDow Jones Newspaper Fund CareerGuide). Other communication pro-grams at the same university not in-cluded in either of these directories arenot included in the survey.

A few examples help to illustrate.At the University of Georgia, the GradyCollege of Journalism and Mass Com-munication, which is part of the enroll-ment survey, offers seven different un-dergraduate majors, from advertising totelecommunication arts. In addition,the Department of Speech Communi-cation, which is in the liberal arts col-lege, offers a speech communicationdegree. The enrollment survey does notinclude the speech students.

At the University of Alabama,however, the College of Communica-tion and Information Sciences, towhich the enrollment survey is mailed,includes the Department of Communi-cation Studies. This department iscomparable in some ways to the De-partment of Speech Communication atGeorgia. The communication studiesstudents at Alabama are included inthe enrollment survey.

At Ohio University, the enrollmentsurvey is sent to the E.W. ScrippsSchool of Journalism, since it is listedin the two directories. The ScrippsSchool, however, is only one of fiveschools of the College of Communica-tion. The others are the School of Com-munication Systems Management, theSchool of Interpersonal Communica-tion, the School of Telecommunica-tions and the School of Visual Com-munication. None of these students isincluded in the enrollment survey.

All universities in the UnitedStates that receive or want to receiveany form of federal funding are ex-pected to report data on the number ofdegrees granted by major as part ofIPEDS, the data system of the NationalCenter for Education Statistics. Four-teen different codes are used for ma-jors that in some way involve commu-nication.14 Nine of these fall under thegeneral heading of Communications,for “instructional programs that de-scribe the creation, transmission andevaluation of messages.” These are:Advertising, Journalism, BroadcastJournalism, Mass Communications,Journalism and Mass Communication(Other), Public Relations & Organiza-tional Communication, Radio and Tele-vision Broadcasting, and Communica-tions (Other). Four of the codes fallunder the general heading of Commu-nications Technologies, for “instruc-tional programs that prepare individu-als to support and assist communica-tions professionals and skilled commu-nication workers.” These are: Educa-tional/Instructional Media Technology,Photographic Technology/Technician,Radio and Television BroadcastingTechnology, and CommunicationsTechnology/Technicians (Other). Thefinal communication code, Speech

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and Rhetorical Studies, is part of thelarger Code called “English Languageand Literature/Letters.” How an indi-vidual degree is classified is left up tothe institution.15

In 2000-2001, a total of 1,060 pro-grams reported awarding some form ofcommunication degree, based on thisclassification system.16 Of these 1,060programs, 79 offered only a communi-cation degree classified as speech com-munication. The remaining offered oneof the remaining 13 communicationdegrees, all of which involve some el-ement of message construction or com-munication technology.17

Table 1 compares the data on de-grees for the programs included in theAnnual Survey of Journalism & MassCommunication Enrollments, based onraw counts and on projections to re-place missing data, and the actualcounts from the IPEDS data file. The432 reporting programs in the enroll-

ment survey granted 36,743 bachelor’sdegrees in academic year 2000-2001.The projection is that the full set of 458programs (with 454 undergraduate pro-grams) granted 38,432 degrees. TheIPEDS count, based on the 981 pro-grams offering a communication degreeother than speech communication, is59,833, or more than 21,000 greater.The count, including speech commu-nication, is 68,342.18 In other words,the full number of undergraduate de-grees granted in the broad field of com-munication is 77.8% greater than thenumber of degrees granted by programsincluded in the Annual Survey of Jour-nalism & Mass Communication Enroll-ments.

The 159 programs in the enroll-ment survey that reported number ofdegrees granted at the master’s levelissued 3,078 degrees in 2000-2001.That figure, projected to the total num-ber of 177 programs offering such a

Table 1

DEGREES GRANTED 2000-2001 BASED ON ANNUAL SURVEY OF JOURNALISM

& MASS COMMUNICATION AND IPEDS COUNTS

Bachelor’s 36,743 38,432 59,833 68,342

Master’s 3,078 3,237 5,734 6,265

Doctoral 164 165 371 483

N of Units * 458 981 1,060

* The number of reporting units was 432 (of 454) at the bachelor’s degree level,

159 (of 177) at the master’s degree level, and 38 (of 39) at the doctoral level.

Actual Count

Enrollment

Survey

Projected for

Enrollment

Survey

Total Mass

Comm

IPEDS

Total Mass

Comm &

Speech

Comm

IPEDS

Degrees

Awarded

Table 1

DEGREES GRANTED 2000-2001 BASED ON ANNUAL SURVEY OF JOURNALISM

& MASS COMMUNICATION AND IPEDS COUNTS


degree, is 3,237. The IPEDS count forcommunication programs (minusspeech) is 5,734. If speech is included,the count is 6,265.

At the doctoral level, the 38 pro-grams reporting degrees granted in theenrollment survey issued 164 degrees.That figure, projected to include oneadditional program, is 165 degreesgranted. The IPEDS count for commu-nication degrees (minus speech com-munication) is 371. The figure is 483if speech communication is included.

Of the 1,060 universities thatgranted a communication degree in the2000-2001 academic year, 442 (or41.7%) were at universities also rep-resented in the Annual Survey of Jour-nalism & Mass Communication Enroll-ments (Table 2). Fourteen of the enroll-ment survey universities did not reportcommunication degrees granted toIPEDS.19 The 442 reporting universitiesplus the 14 universities not reportingto IPEDS brings the total accounted forto 456 of the 458 programs in the en-rollment survey. Two enrollment sur-

vey programs at the University of SanFrancisco were reported as a singleIPEDS unit.20 It is not possible from theraw data to locate in the IPEDS file thedata for the Department of Life Sci-ences Communication at the Universityof Wisconsin–Madison, though it ispart of the enrollment survey. The de-partment is part of the College of Agri-culture and Life Sciences.21

The 618 universities reporting toIPEDS but not included in the AnnualSurvey of Journalism & Mass Commu-nication Enrollments tend to havesmall programs in mass communica-tion, defined as communication minusspeech communication. Of the masscommunication degrees granted at thebachelor’s level, 76.0% were grantedby universities included in the enroll-ment survey. The figure was 84.3% atthe master’s level and 87.3% at the doc-toral level (Table 2).

Not all of the mass communicationunits at a particular university are in-cluded in the enrollment survey, as thecase of Ohio University, discussed

TABLE 2

IPEDS MASS COMMUNICATION POPULATION BY ENROLLMENT SURVEY STATUS

Sum Pct. Sum Pct. Sum Pct.

Bachelor’s 45,477 76.0 14,356 24.0 59,833 100.0

Master’s 4,831 84.3 903 15.7 5,734 100.0

Doctoral 324 87.3 47 12.7 371 100.0

N of Units 442 41.7 618 58.3 1,060 100.0

Note: 14 programs reported for the Enrollment Survey but not to IPEDS. Two En-

rollment Survey Reports are merged into one report in IPEDS. One Enrollment

Survey program is not traceable through IPEDS. Total Enrollment Surveys N=458

Degrees

Awarded

In Enrollment

Data File

Total Mass

Communication

Not in Enrollment

Data File

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above, illustrates. A rough estimate onhow many degrees in some aspect ofmass communication are missed by theenrollment survey comes from a com-parison of the degree totals for the en-rollment survey shown in Table 1 withthe number of degrees granted by uni-versities in the enrollment survey andcounted in IPEDS in Table 2. Based onthis comparison, 7,045 bachelor’s de-grees in mass communication at theuniversities included in the enrollmentsurvey are not counted by the enroll-ment survey — an additional 15.5%.At the master’s level, degrees grantedincrease by 49.2% if the communica-tion units not part of the enrollmentsurvey are included. At the doctorallevel, degrees granted increases by96.4%. These are low estimates, be-cause 14 programs included in the en-rollment survey are not represented inthe IPEDS records.22

The comparison underscores theimportance of the association with“journalism” of the Annual Survey ofJournalism & Mass CommunicationEnrollments. The number of degreesgranted in a broader field of communi-cation, or even in the broad field ofmass communication (without the link-age to journalism) is much greater thanin the field of journalism and masscommunication as defined by the list-ing in the Dow Jones Guide or theAEJMC Directory. This is true at thebachelor’s, master’s and particularlydoctoral levels.

Race/Ethnicity and GenderOnly 204 (44.9%) of the adminis-

trators of the 454 undergraduate jour-nalism and mass communication pro-grams in the Annual Survey of Journal-ism & Mass Communication Enroll-

ments reported their enrollments byrace and ethnicity. Only 245 (54.0%)reported enrollment by gender. Bothfigures were slightly higher in 2001than a year earlier, at least temporarilyreversing a decline in reporting of thesetwo characteristics of students in re-cent years.

At the undergraduate level, 12.2%of the enrolled students were African-American, 6.7% were Hispanic, 3.0%were Asian-American, 0.9% were Na-tive American, 2.4% were classified as“Other,” 1.2% were foreign, with theremaining 73.7% were classified asWhite.23 The figures match closelythose from previous years.

At the master’s level, 9.4% of thestudents were African-American, 4.1%were Hispanic, 4.9% were Asian-American, 0.5% were Native Ameri-can, 2.1 were “Other,” 14.1% were for-eign, and 65.0% were White. Doctoralstudents were 9.8% African American,2.2% Hispanic, 4.9% Asian-American,0.6% Native American, 1.5% “Other,”26.5% foreign, and 54.4% White. Bothsets of figures match roughly thosefrom recent years.

Undergraduate students in the au-tumn of 2001 were 63.4% female.Master’s students were 67.3% female.Women made up 56.6% of those en-rolled in doctoral programs in the jour-nalism and mass communication units.These figures are comparable to thosein recent years.

Administrators also were asked toreport on the race and ethnicity of theirgraduates and on their gender. Only177 of the administrators of the 454undergraduate programs provided dataon race and ethnicity, and 239 reporteddata on gender. The reported data wereused to make the projections, as in thepast. The availability of the IPEDS data,

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however, allowed for a test of that pro-jection technique as well as an alter-native.

Table 3 reports the actual countsof degrees granted at the bachelor’s,master’s and doctoral levels by race/ethnicity, based on the data reportedby those administrators who suppliedthis information. These data are alsoshown as a percentage, representing anunweighted projection from the re-ported data. Also shown is theweighted projection, based on usingmeans to replace missing data, but us-ing the mean score for responding ac-credited programs to replace missingdata at accredited programs, the meanscore for nonaccredited ASJMC mem-bers who reported for nonreportingprograms in that category, and themean score for all other programs toreplace missing data in that category.

Also shown is an estimation pro-cedure in which IPEDS reports, ratherthan means, are used to replace miss-ing data. The IPEDS data used were forall communication degrees reported toNCES except those for speech. The fi-nal two columns in Table 3 report theIPEDS data for the communication de-grees minus speech (labeled here MassCommunication) and the IPEDS dataincluding speech. Only those unitsfrom the enrollment survey that re-ported to IPEDS are shown in the table.

In general, differences amongthese methods of estimating the raceand ethnicity of the graduates of thejournalism and mass communicationprograms included in the enrollmentsurvey are small. At the undergradu-ate level, the range in the percentageof White students–the largest category–is from 76.6 to 77.8. The variability isgreater for the estimates of the percent-age of degrees having been earned by

African-Americans: from 8.0% to11.1%.

At the master’s level, the range inestimates of the percentage White isfrom 58.7 to 64.6. The range in esti-mates of the percentage of African-American degree recipients is from 8.2to 8.6. At the doctoral level, the esti-mates of the percentage of White de-gree recipients is from 56.4 to 64.4, andthe range for estimates of African-American degree recipients is from 7.3to 10.4.

The estimation procedure with thegreatest appeal on its face is what istermed the IPEDS replacement method.It employs the actual reports from theenrollment units where available, andthe university reports for all mass com-munication degrees as an alternative.In fact, this procedure differs relativelylittle from the means replacementmethod having been used in the past.It has the advantage of providing anactual figure for more of the units,rather than a mean score.

Table 4 offers these same analysesof the gender of the graduates of jour-nalism and mass communication pro-grams. Here the consistency is evenmore striking. The percentage ofbachelor’s degrees earned by womenwas from 62.4% to 63.2%, based on theestimates. At the master’s level, thepercentage of degrees earned bywomen was between 64.6% and66.9%. At the doctoral level, the per-centage of degrees earned by womenranged from 46.3% to 48.8%. Again,the difference between the means re-placement method and the IPEDS re-placement method was very small.

ConclusionsUndergraduate enrollments in

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journalism and mass communicationin the United States continued in aca-demic year 2001-2002 the pattern ofgrowth going back to the early 1990s,but the rate of growth slowed markedly.The number of freshmen enrolled inthose programs actually declined, andit may be that journalism and masscommunication enrollments will leveloff or even decline until the U.S.economy recovers. The last drop in un-dergraduate journalism and mass com-munication enrollments was when theeconomy was weak.

Graduate enrollments continued todecline in academic year 2001-2002,making the field of journalism andmass communication even moreheavily focused on undergraduate edu-cation. Graduate enrollments probablywill increase in coming years, however,reflecting the weakened economy.When people lose jobs, many of themconsider returning to school as a wayof riding out the weak labor market andgaining new skills to prepare for re-entry.

The data gathered by the NationalCenter for Education Statistics as partof the IPEDS project provide a contextfor these key findings from the AnnualSurvey of Journalism & Mass Commu-nication Enrollments. The 458 pro-grams represented in the enrollmentsurvey granted an estimated 38,432degrees in academic year 2000-2001, avery small increase over the year ear-lier. The NCES counted 68,342 under-graduate degrees in communicationbroadly defined, including speechcommunication, in that year. The pro-grams represented in the Annual Sur-vey of Journalism & Mass Communi-cation Enrollments, in other words,account for only 56.2% of the degreesgranted at the undergraduate level.

The defining characteristic of pro-grams included in the Annual Surveyof Journalism & Mass CommunicationEnrollments is their association withjournalism. This is reflected by theirinclusion in the AEJMC Directory orthe Dow Jones Guide. Most of theseprograms include much more than thetraditional core of journalism courses.Yet journalism remains a central ele-ment of their offerings. In fact, all but51 of the 421 units in the enrollmentsurvey reporting on curricular special-izations reported that they had a jour-nalism sequence, either print, broad-cast or some combination of the two.

Relatively few—79—of the 1,060universities offering a communicationcurriculum offer only speech commu-nication. The others offer degrees thatseem to reflect at least some focus onmass or mediated communication.24

This observation suggests a roughkind of hierarchy of communicationprograms. The first group, which ac-counts for roughly 57% of the pro-grams, has a rather general focus oncommunication, but not a particularfocus on journalism. The second group,accounting for about 24% of the total,is made up of communication pro-grams built loosely around a journal-istic core. The third group, making upabout 9% of the total number or pro-grams, is made up of members ofASJMC that are not accredited byACEJMC. The programs have a stron-ger commitment to the journalism andmass communication enterprise, butthey do not fully subscribe to the prin-ciples or procedures of journalism ac-creditation. The final group, account-ing for 10% of the programs, is accred-ited by ACEJMC and follows the ac-creditation guidelines for professionalinstruction in journalism and related


fields. The Annual Survey of Journal-ism & Mass Communication Enroll-ments includes only the final three ofthese groups.

The Annual Survey of Journalism& Mass Communication provides keystatistics on the number of studentsenrolled in programs of types twothrough four–the programs with a jour-nalistic core–as well as the character-istics of those students. It also providesdata on degrees granted and the char-acteristics of those who receive thosedegrees based on race, ethnicity andgender.

Many programs do not providedata on the race and ethnicity or gen-der of their students for reasons thatare not clear. Their universities are re-quired to report those same data to thefederal government as part of theIPEDS project. Unfortunately, the re-porting techniques are not by unit, butrather by degree type, making it diffi-cult to match perfectly reporting unitsin the enrollment survey with data re-ported to IPEDS by the university.

By using data reported in the en-rollment survey where they are avail-able and data from IPEDS where theunit reports are not available, it is pos-sible to examine the merits of the pro-jection technique used in the enroll-ment survey–a technique that uses re-ported data to estimate unreporteddata, weighted by characteristic of theunit. Based on the traditional replace-ment technique used in the past, jour-nalism and mass communication pro-grams granted 22% of their under-graduate degrees in academic year2000-2001 to individuals classified asmembers of racial or ethnic minoritygroups. Based on the reports to the en-rollment survey supplemented by thedata reported to IPEDS, journalism and

mass communication programsgranted 23% of their undergraduatedegrees in academic year 2000-2001 tomembers of racial or ethnic minoritygroups.

If the traditional procedures forestimation are used, the projected per-centage of bachelor’s degrees grantedby journalism and mass communica-tion programs in 2000-2001 to womenwas 63%. The figure is the same if theIPEDS data are used to substitute formissing data.

The comparability of these twoestimation techniques lends credibil-ity to the estimations used elsewherein the survey where no IPEDS data areavailable. Based on those traditionalestimates, 26% of the undergraduatestudents enrolled in journalism andmass communication programs in theautumn of 2001 were members of ra-cial or ethnic minority groups. The fig-ure has been roughly the same in re-cent years.

So, while the U.S. population in2000 was 31% “minority,” the percent-age of high school graduates was 28%“minority,” and the percentage of col-lege entrants was 28% “minority,” thepercentage of journalism and masscommunication students was 26%“minority.”25

Unfortunately, the graduatesmatch the population even less closely.The percentage of graduates who wereclassified as “minority” was between22% and 23%. This figure does matchwith that for college graduates overall,but the gap between the overall popu-lation and the population of journal-ism and mass communication gradu-ates is disturbing given the importantrole that professional communicatorsplay in a democracy.

The confidence in these estimates

AUTUMN’ 02201

that comes from the integration of thedata from the Annual Survey of Jour-nalism & Mass Communication Enroll-ments and the federal IPEDS datashould help underscore the impor-tance to journalism educators the tasksof recruiting, retaining and graduatingstudents reflective of the larger soci-ety.26

Endnotes1 The Annual Survey of Journalism & Mass

Communication Enrollments is conducted inthe James M. Cox Jr. Center for InternationalMass Communication Training and Research,a unit of the Grady College of Journalism andMass Communication at the University ofGeorgia. The 2001 survey was made possiblethrough the support of the followingsponsors: American Society of NewspaperEditors, Association for Education inJournalism & Mass Communication,Association of Schools of Journalism & MassCommunication, Cox Newspapers Inc., TheFreedom Forum, Gannett, Hearst Corporation,John S. and James L. Knight Foundation,National Association of Broadcasters,Newsletter & Electronic Publishers Founda-tion, Newspaper Association of AmericaFoundation, The Newspaper Guild–CWA,Scripps Howard Foundation, and the GradyCollege of Journalism & Mass Communica-tion, University of Georgia.

2 The programs are listed at: http://djnewspaperfund.dowjones.com/fund/cg_jschools.asp.

3 The 2001 survey included data on threeprograms added to the population in 2001and 455 that had been included in the 2000survey. Seven programs included in 2000were dropped from the 2001 survey becausethe programs were no longer active or did notinclude a mass communication focus.

4 The accrediting listing was verified against thelisting for the Accrediting Council on its website, and the ASJMC listing was verifiedagainst records at the organization’sheadquarters in Columbia, S.C.

5 Indiana University’s School of Journalism andthe journalism program at the IndianapolisCampus of IU are treated as separateprograms in this analysis, though they shareaccreditation.

6 Special thanks is given to the following

University of Georgia students who worked asresearch assistants or research clerks for the2001 Annual Survey of Journalism & MassCommunication Enrollments: LeslieBuschbom, Kim Cooper, Elizabeth Crevis,Shelley George, Erica Hartman, Keerti Hasija,Sara Hays, Gilad Kat, Anna-Elisa Mackowiak,Becca Martin, Summer Saunders, VandanaShankar, Lacey Smith, Hien Vu, JenniferWiggins and Katherine Wooten.

7 U.S. Department of Education, National Centerfor Education Statistics. Projections ofEducation Statistics to 2012, (NCES 2002-030), by Debra E. Gerald and William J.Hussar. Washington, DC: U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office (2002), p. 76.

8 Projections of Education Statistics to 2012, 49(Table 19).

9 Projections of Education Statistics to 2012, 28(Figure 13).

10 Projections of Education Statistics to 2012,49(Table 19). Projections were from 2000because that was the last year for whichactual counts of enrollments were available.

11 Projections of Education Statistics to 2012,50(Table 20).

12 The number of doctoral programs has variedyear-to-year, with the 41 in 2000 being thehighest number. Five programs reportedhaving doctoral programs in 2000 but not in2001: University of Delaware, University ofKentucky, Wayne State University, TempleUniversity, and Regent University. Delawaredropped its journalism offerings; its doctoralprogram was in English. The other fourprograms still offer the doctorate, but theychose not to report them as part of thejournalism and mass communicationenrollments in 2001. The three programs thatreported enrollments in 2001 but not in 2000were: Duquesne University, Washington StateUniversity and University of Wisconsin LifeSciences. Duquesne’s program is in Rhetoric.The Washington State program wasinterdisciplinary. The Life Sciences programat Wisconsin, offered with the School ofJournalism and Mass Communicationprogram, reported separately in 2001.Additional information on doctoralenrollments in journalism and masscommunication is available in the followingreport: Lee B. Becker, Jisu Huh, Tudor Vlad,and George L. Daniels, 2001-2002 Survey ofDoctoral Programs in Communication:Examining the Pipeline to Journalism & MassCommunication Faculties, available on theweb at www.grady.uga.edu/annualsurveys.

13 Units decide how to report enrollmentsthemselves. The survey is mailed to the unithead listed in the two directories, with the


superior unit chosen in cases of conflict. Unitheads, however, can decide to pass the formup the line to the administrator of the largerunit. As long as the report comes from acommunication unit, it is accepted. See note12 for a discussion of this procedure as itrelates to doctoral enrollments particularly.Had the University of Texas reported thesame enrollment figure for 2001 as for 2000,enrollments would have increased 3.8%,rather than 2.2%. This is still considerablybelow the 12.0% growth of a year earlier.

14 U.S. Department of Education, National Centerfor Education Statistics, Classification ofInstructional Programs—CIP 1990 Update(NCES 91-396), (Washington, DC: U.S.Government Printing Office, 1991).

15 The Telecommunication Arts degree in theGrady College of Journalism and MassCommunication at the University of Georgiais classified by the university as Radio andTelevision Broadcasting Technology/Technician. The curriculum does includesome courses that involve use of equipment,but it is certainly not a technical degree. Theuse of the CIP code at the University ofGeorgia is controlled by the Board of Regentsof the University System of Georgia.

16 The IPEDS year runs from July 1 to June 30,rather than from Sept. 1 to August 31, as inthe enrollment survey. IPEDS counts bothfirst and second majors.

17 The CIP codes have been revised, though theirimplementation will be delayed for severalyears. The new code scheme has a classifica-tion for Communication, Journalism andRelated Programs that includes Communica-tion Studies/Speech Communication andRhetoric as a subcategory. See U.S.Department of Education, National Center forEducation Statistics, Classification ofInstructional Programs--2000 (NCES 2002-165), (Washington, DC: U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, 2002).

18 The IPEDS counts are undercounts, since theydo not include imputation for missing data.The level of missing data for the full data setsis impossible to estimate.

19 Despite the requirement, not all programsreport to IPEDS. The sanctions, at present, aremodest. In the final file, NCES uses a datareplacement procedure, or imputation, basedon past reports or reports of similar programs,but that is not done in the preliminary fileused here. The imputation is both at the levelof total degrees granted and at the level of CIPcode. If a university reports journalismdegrees in one year, it is expected to grantthem another, so imputation is made whereno data are reported. The electronic datafiling prods universities that skip a CIP code

used in the past to indicate if the entry shouldbe 0 or if the program has been eliminated.

20 The Department of Communication Studies islisted in the Dow Jones Guide, while theDepartment of Media Studies is listed in theAEJMC Directory.

21 This is true at the bachelor’s and master’s level.At the doctoral level, the department operatesa joint doctorate with the School ofJournalism and Mass Communication, anddegrees granted should be filed jointly.

22 The University of Alabama case is illustrativehere. The College of Communication andInformation Sciences, as noted in the text,includes the Department of CommunicationStudies. The University reported degreesgranted in the Speech and Rhetoric CIP codefor IPEDS in 2000-2001, no doubt becausethis department historically was a speechcommunication unit. Cases such as thisconfound the comparisons discussed here.The College now also includes the School ofLibrary and Information Studies, which onlyoffers graduate degrees. These degrees areunlikely to be classified as communicationdegrees in the IPEDS filing system. Addi-tional information on use of IPEDS isavailable in the following report: Jisu Huh,Lee B. Becker and Tudor Vlad, Using theIntegrated Postsecondary Data System(IPEDS), available on the web atwww.grady.uga.edu/annualsurveys.

23 These figures are projections, based on thereported data. Estimation procedures areexplained in the Methodology section above.

24 This interpretation is based on the focus onmessage construction in the CIP categoryscheme rather than oral interpretation andpresentation.

25 The census estimates come for a re-categoriza-tion of data available at the U.S. CensusBureau web site, www.census.gov. Ofparticular relevance is the report, U.S. CensusBureau Overview of Race and HispanicOrigin. Some of the high school graduate dataand college entrant data come from U.S.Department of Education, National Center forEducation Statistics. Digest of EducationStatistics, 1998 (1999-036), Washington, DC:U.S. Government Printing Office (1999),Tables 103 and 208. Some of the high schoolentrant data and the college graduate datacomes from U.S. Department of Education,National Center for Education Statistics,Digest of Education Statistics, 2001 (NCES2002–130), Washington, DC: U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office (2002), Tables 185 and 269.

26 Additional tables and charts from the AnnualSurvey of Journalism and Mass Communica-tion Enrollments are posted to the site,www.grady.uga.edu/annualsurveys.

AUTUMN’ 02203

Appendix

Enrollments Autumn 2001 and Degrees Granted Sept. 1, 2000, to August 31, 2001

Enrollment Degrees Granted

State (Postal Code)/School Bachelor Master Doctoral Bachelor Master Doctoral

AK—UNIV AK ANCH 240 0 0 37 0 0

AK—UNIV AK FAIR 78 3 0 25 3 0

AL—AL ST UNIV 173 0 0 19 0 0

AL—AUBURN UNIV 876 29 0 218 15 0

AL—JACKSONVILLE ST U 192 0 0 26 0 0

AL—SAMFORD UNIV 155 0 0 40 0 0

AL—SPR HILL COL 93 0 0 28 0 0

AL—TROY ST U 260 0 0 65 0 0

AL—UNIV NORTH AL 300 0 0 60 0 0

AL—UNIV OF AL 1660 57 37 275 36 7

AL—UNIV OF AL BIRM 350 0 0 204 0 0

AL—UNIV OF S AL 341 30 0 0

AR—AR ST UNIV 490 24 0 84 19 0

AR—AR TECH UNIV 189 11 0 25 0 0

AR—HARDING UNIV 337 0 0 64 0 0

AR—HENDERSON ST 101 0 0 20 0 0

AR—J BROWN UNIV 31 0 0 8 0 0

AR—OUACH BAPT U 82 0 0 22 0 0

AR—UNIV AR FAY 419 23 0 73 1 0

AR—UNIV AR LR 87 24 0 12 5 0

AR—UNIV OF C AR 260 0 0 50 0 0

AZ—AZ ST UNIV 1423 71 0 277 12 0

AZ—N AZ UNIV 1157 0 0 231 0 0

AZ—UNIV AZ 370 0 0 74 0 0

CA—AZUSA PACIFIC U 334 0 0 45 0 0

CA—CA LUTHERAN U 162 0 0 45 0 0

CA—CA POLY OBIS 220 0 0 80 0 0

CA—CA POLY POM 268 0 0 33 0 0

CA—CA ST CHICO 308 0 0 66 0 0

CA—CA ST DOM HI 320 0 0 97 0 0

CA—CA ST FRESNO 369 33 0 74 9 0

CA—CA ST FULLER 2324 99 0 636 33 0

CA—CA ST HAYWAR 292 0 0 66 0 0

CA—CA ST LA 333 4 0 68 0

CA—CA ST LBEACH 370 0 0 70 0 0

CA—CA ST NORTHR 453 34 0 153 5 0

CA—CA ST SAC 130 0 0 30 0 0

CA—CA ST U BAKERSFLD 163 0 0 32 0 0

CA—HUMBOLDT ST 139 0 0 39 0 0

CA—MENLO COL 510 0 0 31 0 0

CA—PAC UNION 60 0 0 12 0 0

CA—PEPPERDINE 500 12 0 202 4 0

CA—PT LOMA NAZ 295 0 0 65 0 0

CA—S CLARA U 317 0 0 85 0 0

CA—SAN DIEGO ST 1188 105 0 249 25 0

CA—SAN JOSE ST 650 69 0 175 13 0




CA—SF STATE U 389 0 0 62 0 0

CA—ST MARY’S COL CA 300 0 0 40 0 0

CA—STANFORD 59 32 22 33 33 2

CA—U OF LAVERNE 126 0 0 19 0 0

CA—UC BERKELEY 0 112 0 0 56 0

CA—UNIV OF PAC 145 15 0 40 2 0

CA—UNIV OF SF COM 209 0 0 70 0 0

CA—UNIV OF SF MEDIA 74 0 0 6 0 0

CA—UNIV S CA 528 85 0 137 21 0

CO—ADAMS ST COL 28 0 0 4 0 0

CO—CO ST UNIV 515 99 0 151 42 0

CO—MESA ST COLLEGE 170 0 0 33 0 0

CO—METRO ST COLLEGE 749 0 0 120 0 0

CO—UNIV OF CO 616 100 23 198 31 2

CO—UNIV OF DENV 350 76 0 53 25 0

CO—UNIV OF N CO 395 0 0 94 0 0

CO—UNIV OF S CO 234 0 0 28 0 0

CT—QUINNIPIAC UNIV 786 68 0 70 27 0

CT—S CONN ST U 90 0 0 12 0 0

CT—U NEW HAVEN 91 12 0 8 2 0

CT—UNIV OF BRID 40 0 0 6 0 0

CT—UNIV OF CT 193 0 0 34 0 0

CT—UNIV OF HART 353 41 0 79 12 0

CT—W CT ST U 55 0 0 0 0

DE—DE ST U 250 0 0 0 0

FL—FL A&M 346 16 0 74 4 0

FL—FL INTER 1411 61 0 189 16 0

FL—FL SOUTHERN 143 0 0 27 0 0

FL—FLAGLER COL 280 0 0 46 0 0

FL—JACK UNIV 98 0 0 15 0 0

FL—U OF MIAMI 760 47 3 119 15 0

FL—UNIV OF C FL 2269 64 0 205 5 0

FL—UNIV OF FL 3118 153 42 680 68 7

FL—UNIV OF N FL 901 0 0 156 0 0

FL—UNIV OF S FL 1193 53 0 161 10 0

FL—UNIV OF W FL 569 25 0 84 5 0

GA—BERRY COLLEGE 137 0 0 38 0 0

GA—BRENAU UNIV 55 0 0 7 0 0

GA—CLARK ATLANTA U 800 0 0 110 0 0

GA—FT VALLEY ST U 101 0 0 16 0 0

GA—GA COLL & ST U 150 0 0 15 0 0

GA—GA SOUTHERN 55 0 0 0 0

GA—GA ST UNIV 1282 148 32 109 11 0

GA—MERCER U 92 0 0 35 0 0

GA—SAV ST UNIV 100 0 0 15 0 0

GA—ST U OF W GA 180 0 0 73 0 0

GA—TOCCOA FALLS 64 0 0 14 0 0

GA—UNIV OF GA 756 76 19 391 41 6

AUTUMN’ 02205



HI—CHAMINADE U HONO 37 0 0 8 0 0

HI—U HI MANOA 186 0 0 49 0 0

IA—CLARKE COL 80 0 0 18 0 0

IA—DRAKE UNIV 495 18 0 120 8 0

IA—G VIEW COL 91 0 0 17 0 0

IA—IA ST UNIV 1022 20 0 188 5 0

IA—LORAS COL 74 0 0 34 0 0

IA—MORNINGSIDE COL 35 0 0 7 0 0

IA—UNIV NRTHRN IA 678 45 0 158 8 0

IA—UNIV OF IA 246 33 34 143 4 7

ID—BOISE ST U 400 28 0 55 6 0

ID—ID ST UNIV 284 0 0 161 0 0

ID—UNIV OF ID 499 0 0 79 0 0

IL—BRADLEY UNIV 626 0 0 139 0 0

IL—COLUMBIA CHI 584 20 0 94 6 0

IL—DEPAUL UNIV 725 60 0 185 25 0

IL—E IL UNIV 144 0 0 37 0 0

IL—GOVERNOR ST U 59 110 0 24 39 0

IL—IL COL 28 0 0 11 0 0

IL—IL ST UNIV 717 0 0 313 0 0

IL—LEWIS UNIV 83 0 0 23 0 0

IL—LOYOLA CHI 400 0 0 0 0

IL—MCMURRAY COL 8 0 0 0 0 0

IL—N IL UNIV 972 54 0 251 21 0

IL—NORTHWESTERN 620 184 0 156 147 0

IL—ROOSEVELT 151 204 0 30 58 0

IL—S IL UNIV CA 1238 128 44 267 18 3

IL—S IL UNIV ED 168 21 0 55 4 0

IL—UNIV OF IL 537 50 35 236 32 1

IL—UNIV OF ST FRAN 87 0 0 16 0 0

IL—WEST IL UNIV 112 0 0 27 0 0

IN—ANDERSON COL 80 0 0 0 0

IN—BALL STATE U 1956 270 0 328 130 0

IN—BUTLER UNIV 187 0 0 43 0 0

IN—CALUMET COL 25 0 0 3 0 0

IN—DEPAUW UNIV 183 0 0 99 0 0

IN—FRANKLIN COL 150 0 0 30 0 0

IN—GOSHEN COL 56 0 0 11 0 0

IN—IN ST UNIV 72 0 0 11 0 0

IN—IN UNIV BLOOM 534 25 22 198 27 4

IN—IN UNIV IND 53 0 0 21 0 0

IN—PURDUE UNIV 1285 43 56 10 11

IN—ST MARY WOOD 6 0 0 0 0 0

IN—U EVANSVILLE 100 0 0 30 0 0

IN—UNIV INDIANAPOLIS 100 0 0 25 0 0

IN—UNIV STHRN IN 600 0 0 75 0 0

IN—VALPARAISO U 164 0 0 34 0 0

KS—BAKER UNIV 75 0 0 18 0 0




KS—BENEDICTINE 60 0 0 17 0 0

KS—FT HAYS ST U 120 23 0 28 10 0

KS—KS ST UNIV 798 14 0 139 8 0

KS—PITTSBURG ST 215 25 0 41 10 0

KS—UNIV OF KS 797 78 0 375 32 0

KS—WASHBURN U 154 0 0 38 0 0

KS—WICHITA ST U 362 38 0 97 11 0

KY—ASBURY COL 210 0 0 34 0 0

KY—E KY UNIV 318 0 0 67 0 0

KY—MOREHEAD ST 285 20 0 56 4 0

KY—MURRAY ST U 513 41 0 126 10 0

KY—N KY UNIV 627 0 0 0 0

KY—U LOUISVILLE 475 0 0 105 0 0

KY—UNIV OF KY 404 0 0 202 0 0

KY—W KY UNIV 1003 0 0 137 0 0

LA—GRAMBLING ST 140 11 0 43 0

LA—LA COL 32 0 0 3 0 0

LA—LA ST UNIV 584 45 8 224 18 0

LA—LA TECH UNIV 81 0 0 14 0 0

LA—LOYOLA U NEW OR 502 7 0 124 2 0

LA—LSU SHREVE 118 0 0 22 0 0

LA—MCNEESE ST 166 0 0 20 0 0

LA—NICHOLLS ST 183 0 0 24 0 0

LA—NW ST UNIV 200 0 0 16 0 0

LA—SE LA UNIV 406 29 0 68 0 0

LA—SOUTHERN U 166 25 0 44 6 0

LA—U LA LAFAYETTE 611 25 0 54 15 0

LA—U LA MONROE 157 0 0 28 0 0

LA—XAVIER U LA 120 0 0 20 0 0

MA—AMERICAN INTL COL 55 0 0 12 0 0

MA—BOSTON UNIV 2022 332 0 623 173 0

MA—EMERSON COL 217 74 0 13 18 0

MA—MA COL LIBERAL ARTS 227 0 0 43 0 0

MA—NORTHEASTERN 240 30 0 0

MA—SIMMONS COL 70 0 0 20 0 0

MA—SUFFOLK UNIV 435 40 0 125 12 0

MA—UNIV OF MA 171 0 0 93 0 0

MD—BOWIE ST 350 60 0 47 9 0

MD—COLUMBIA UNION 49 0 0 10 0 0

MD—GOUCHER COL 0 30 0 0 11 0

MD—HOOD COLLEGE 35 0 0 19 0 0

MD—LOYOLA COL 300 0 0 100 0 0

MD—TOWSON UNIV 1100 25 0 325 4 0

MD—UNIV OF MD 503 54 17 138 22 2

ME—UNIV OF ME 400 20 0 0

MI—ANDREWS U 55 6 0 8 0 0

MI—C MI UNIV 268 0 0 42 0 0

MI—CALVIN COL 307 0 0 0 0

AUTUMN’ 02207



MI—EA MI UNIV 111 0 0 0 0

MI—GRAND VALLEY 1133 11 0 166 6 0

MI—MADONNA UNIV 43 0 0 4 0 0

MI—MI ST UNIV 494 21 8 133 21 1

MI—OAKLAND U 135 0 0 23 0 0

MI—U OF DETROIT 91 0 0 23 0 0

MI—UNIV OF MI 373 0 22 150 0 3

MI—W MI UNIV 114 0 0 22 0 0

MI—WAYNE ST U 153 0 0 20 0 0

MN—BEMIDJI ST U 128 0 0 27 0 0

MN—MN ST U MANKATO 230 0 0 55 0 0

MN—MN ST U MOORHEAD 355 0 0 80 0 0

MN—NORTHWESTERN COL 109 0 0 0 0 0

MN—ST CLOUD ST 420 0 0 138 0

MN—ST MARYS UNIV 75 0 0 21 0 0

MN—UNIV OF MN 760 42 36 115 9 5

MN—UNIV ST THOMAS 322 0 0 97 0 0

MN—WINONA ST U 403 0 0 45 0 0

MO—C MO ST UNIV 567 43 0 51 7 0

MO—COL OZARKS 30 0 0 0 0

MO—CULVER-STOCK 45 0 0 10 0 0

MO—EVANGEL UNIV 121 0 0 14 0 0

MO—LINCOLN UNIV 85 0 0 5 0 0

MO—LINDENWOOD 261 67 0 62 31 0

MO—MARYVILLE 70 0 0 17 0 0

MO—MO STHRN ST COL 191 0 0 30 0 0

MO—NW MO ST U 284 0 0 52 0 0

MO—PARK UNIV 94 0 0 16 0 0

MO—SE MO ST U 424 0 0 56 0 0

MO—ST LOUIS U 240 32 0 81 8 0

MO—STEPHENS 22 0 0 12 0 0

MO—SW MO ST UNIV 344 0 0 80 0 0

MO—TRUMAN ST U 194 0 0 107 0 0

MO—UNIV MO KC 206 10 0 63 5 0

MO—UNIV MO SL 658 13 0 145 0

MO—UNIV OF MO 709 170 40 273 57 8

MO—WEBSTER UNIV 710 57 0 130 26 0

MS—ALCORN ST UNIV 119 0 0 16 0 0

MS—JACKSON ST U 231 13 0 23 1 0

MS—MS ST UNIV 481 0 0 85 0 0

MS—MS U WOMEN 69 0 0 24 0 0

MS—MS VALLEY ST UNIV 110 0 0 20 0 0

MS—RUST COL 63 0 0 12 0 0

MS—TOUGALOO COL 35 0 0 5 0 0

MS—UNIV OF MS 481 15 0 77 10 0

MS—UNIV S MS 488 38 55 130 21 4

MT—UNIV OF MT 558 30 0 0

NC—A&T STATE U 465 0 0 151 0 0




NC—APPALACHIAN 903 0 0 253 0 0

NC—CAMPBELL U 170 0 0 52 0 0

NC—E CAROLINA U 518 0 0 186 0 0

NC—ELON UNIV 840 0 0 153 0 0

NC—JC SMITH U 100 0 0 33 0 0

NC—LENOIR-RHYNE 75 0 0 15 0 0

NC—UNIV NC ASHE 42 0 0 23 0 0

NC—UNIV NC CH 1498 58 50 342 17 11

NC—UNIV NC PEMBROKE 92 0 0 15 0 0

NC—W CAROLINA U 185 0 0 61 0 0

NC—WINGATE UNIV 104 0 0 14 0 0

NC—WINSTON-SALEM ST U 170 0 0 32 0 0

ND—ND ST UNIV 295 42 32 47 8 0

ND—UNIV OF ND 311 17 0 107 12 0

NE—CREIGHTON U 125 0 0 35 0 0

NE—HASTINGS COL 78 0 0 22 0 0

NE—MIDLAND LUTH 37 0 0 10 0 0

NE—U OF NE KEARNEY 320 0 0 54 0 0

NE—U OF NE LINCOLN 967 58 0 207 15 0

NE—U OF NE OMAHA 460 75 0 77 11 0

NE—UNION COL 39 0 0 5 0 0

NE—WAYNE ST COL 63 0 0 15 0 0

NH—KEENE ST COL 69 0 0 7 0 0

NH—UNIV OF NH 148 0 0 16 0 0

NJ—COL OF NJ 80 0 0 24 0 0

NJ—RIDER UNIV 432 0 0 94 0 0

NJ—ROWAN UNIV 783 82 0 263 45 0

NJ—RUTGERS NB 425 0 0 181 0 0

NJ—RUTGERS NE 50 0 0 0 0

NJ—SETON HALL 385 87 0 90 37 0

NJ—WM PATERSON 920 0 0 0 0

NM—E NM UNIV 142 18 0 16 4 0

NM—NM ST UNIV 296 0 0 51 0 0

NM—UNIV OF NM 480 43 20 95 13 8

NV—U OF NV LV 608 46 0 114 11 0

NV—U OF NV RE 412 13 0 66 3 0

NY—BARUCH COLL CITY NY 80 29 0 20 4 0

NY—CANISIUS COL 300 50 0 0

NY—COLUMBIA 0 312 12 0 264

NY—CORNELL UNIV 288 14 20 77 3 2

NY—FORDHAM UNIV 959 80 0 232 12 0

NY—HOFSTRA UNIV 355 0 0 67 0 0

NY—IONA COL 180 80 0 0

NY—ITHACA COL 1283 26 0 286 19 0

NY—LONG I U BR 69 0 0 5 0 0

NY—LONG ISL UNIV 284 35 0 0

NY—MARIST COL 785 0 0 236 0 0

NY—MEDAILLE COL 45 0 0 17 0 0

AUTUMN’ 02209



NY—MERCY COL 90 0 0 20 0 0

NY—NEW ROCHELLE 86 0 0 22 0 0

NY—NIAGARA UNIV 109 0 0 24 0 0

NY—NY UNIV 450 120 0 0

NY—PACE PLEASANTVILLE 115 0 0 0 0

NY—ROCHESTER IT 46 0 0 20 0 0

NY—ST BONAVENT 304 0 0 68 0 0

NY—ST JOHN FISH 189 0 0 36 0 0

NY—ST JOHNS U 800 10 0 100 3 0

NY—ST U COL BUF 482 0 0 100 0 0

NY—SUNY OLD WESTBURY 150 0 0 23 0 0

NY—SUNY PLATTSBURGH 78 0 0 18 0 0

NY—SUNY-NEW PALTZ 150 0 0 20 0 0

NY—SYRACUSE U 1815 380 28 489 103 2

NY—UTICA COL 133 0 0 29 0 0

OH—ASHLAND UNIV 154 0 0 47 0 0

OH—BOWLING GRN 316 0 0 45 0 0

OH—CLEVELAND ST 542 51 0 137 11 0

OH—FRANCISCAN U 128 0 0 18 0 0

OH—JOHN CARROLL U 236 29 0 104 1 0

OH—KENT ST UNIV 1309 27 0 150 11 0

OH—MARIETTA COL 100 0 0 25 0 0

OH—OH ST UNIV 669 49 27 438 17 7

OH—OH UNIV 861 40 7 187 17 3

OH—OH WESLEYAN 25 0 0 10 0 0

OH—OTTERBEIN 347 0 0 52 0 0

OH—UNIV AKRON 700 50 0 0

OH—UNIV DAYTON 649 12 0 188 7 0

OH—UNIV TOLEDO 550 0 0 88 0 0

OH—WRIGHT ST U 421 0 0 97 0 0

OH—XAVIER UNIV 281 0 0 0 0

OH—YOUNGSTOWN 95 0 0 12 0 0

OK—CAMERON U 146 0 0 32 0 0

OK—EC UNIV 120 0 0 25 0 0

OK—NE ST UNIV 88 15 0 28 5 0

OK—OK BAPTIST 30 0 0 8 0 0

OK—OK CHRISTIAN U 125 0 0 12 0 0

OK—OK CITY UNIV 100 35 0 28 20 0

OK—OK ST UNIV 497 28 0 123 10 0

OK—S NAZARENE U 35 0 0 3 0 0

OK—U CENTRAL OK 353 0 0 74 0 0

OK—UNIV OF OK 1041 43 0 137 4 0

OK—UNIV TULSA 86 0 0 28 0 0

OR—LINFIELD COL 110 0 0 26 0 0

OR—S OR UNIV 338 0 0 77 0 0

OR—U OF PORTLAND 136 7 0 40 8 0

OR—UNIV OF OR 1324 40 18 283 13 0

PA—BLOOMSBURG U 178 0 0 55 0 0




PA—CA U PA 43 0 0 6 0 0

PA—CABRINI COL 193 5 0 56 0

PA—DUQUESNE U 170 75 45 75 30 0

PA—ELIZABETHTWN 145 0 0 35 0 0

PA—INDIANA U PA 200 0 0 30 0 0

PA—LASALLE UNIV 480 0 0 120 0 0

PA—LEHIGH UNIV 94 0 0 40 0 0

PA—LOCK HAVEN U 151 0 0 28 0 0

PA—LYCOMING COL 58 0 0 27 0 0

PA—MERCYHURST 51 0 0 6 0 0

PA—MESSIAH COL 99 0 0 21 0 0

PA—MILLERSVILLE U 407 0 0 90 0 0

PA—PA ST UNIV 3231 31 38 655 10 9

PA—POINT PARK 301 50 0 42 12 0

PA—SHIPPENSBURG 362 26 0 84 11 0

PA—SUSQUEHANNA U 265 0 0 65 0 0

PA—TEMPLE UNIV 876 70 0 124 26 0

PA—UNIV OF PITT 108 0 0 50 0 0

PA—UNIV SCRANTON 312 0 0 71 0 0

PA—URSINUS COL 103 0 0 37 0 0

RI—UNIV OF RI 130 0 0 30 0 0

SC—BENEDICT COL 100 0 0 8 0 0

SC—COL CHARLESTON 771 0 0 229 0 0

SC—FRANCIS MARION U 114 0 0 28 0 0

SC—UNIV OF SC 1211 66 18 223 29 2

SC—UNIV OF SC AIKEN 96 0 0 21 0 0

SC—WINTHROP UNIV 292 0 0 62 0 0

SD—BLACK HILLS 169 0 0 14 0 0

SD—SD ST UNIV 211 10 0 48 0

SD—UNIV OF SD 295 15 0 70 6 0

TN—AUSTIN PEAY 375 53 0 63 25 0

TN—BELMONT UNIV 30 0 0 7 0 0

TN—E TN ST UNIV 370 0 0 69 0 0

TN—MID TN ST U 2888 34 0 580 10 0

TN—S ADVENTIST U 125 0 0 18 0 0

TN—TN ST UNIV 240 0 0 50 0 0

TN—TN TECH UNIV 77 0 0 16 0 0

TN—UNIV MEMPHIS 382 51 0 57 14 0

TN—UNIV TN CHAT 268 0 0 34 0 0

TN—UNIV TN KNOX 1444 65 32 275 22 4

TN—UNIV TN MART 185 0 0 31 0 0

TX—ABILENE CHR 275 4 0 50 0 0

TX—ANGELO ST U 195 22 0 58 5 0

TX—BAYLOR UNIV 319 15 0 51 6 0

TX—HOUSTON BAPTIST 60 0 0 18 0 0

TX—LAMAR-BEAUMONT 213 0 0 43 0 0

TX—MIDWEST ST U 167 0 0 58 0 0

TX—PRAIRIE VIEW 150 0 0 15 0 0

AUTUMN’ 02211



TX—S METH UNIV 138 0 0 0 0

TX—SAM HOUSTON 822 0 0 140 0 0

TX—SF AUSTIN ST 300 20 0 40 3 0

TX—SW TX ST U 1396 17 0 205 6 0

TX—TRINITY UNIV 106 0 0 41 0 0

TX—TX A&M U COMMERCE 100 0 0 25 0 0

TX—TX A&M U CS 810 12 0 239 8 0

TX—TX A&M U KINGS 30 0 0 7 0 0

TX—TX CHRIST U 450 16 0 100 2 0

TX—TX LUTHERAN 75 0 0 12 0 0

TX—TX S UNIV 301 23 0 23 4 0

TX—TX TECH UNIV 1251 28 0 244 7 0

TX—TX WESLEYAN 121 0 0 29 0 0

TX—TX WOMANS U 83 0 0 17 0 0

TX—U TX ARL 731 0 0 32 0 0

TX—U TX AUS 772 32 40 173 18 4

TX—U TX EL PASO 469 16 0 96 5 0

TX—U TX PAN AMER 286 32 0 51 3 0

TX—U TX PERMIAN 43 0 0 8 0 0

TX—U TX TYLER 42 0 0 9 0 0

TX—UNIV HOUSTON 1413 62 0 172 12 0

TX—UNIV N TX 847 69 0 126 15 0

TX—W TX A&M UNIV 150 20 0 35 0

UT—BRIG YOUNG U 533 24 0 310 4 0

UT—S UTAH UNIV 284 0 0 87 0 0

UT—UNIV OF UT 1157 47 65 411 4 8

UT—UT ST UNIV 585 28 0 89 0 0

UT—WEBER ST U 348 0 0 73 0 0

VA—EMORY HENRY 78 0 0 16 0 0

VA—HAMPTON UNIV 311 0 0 80 0 0

VA—J MADISON U 402 0 0 118 0 0

VA—LIBERTY UNIV 349 0 0 0 0

VA—LYNCHBURG COL 113 0 0 31 0 0

VA—MARY BALDWIN 35 0 0 12 0 0

VA—MARYMOUNT UNIV 130 0 0 30 0 0

VA—NORFOLK ST U 344 11 0 64 4 0

VA—RADFORD UNIV 376 0 0 58 0 0

VA—REGENT UNIV 0 69 0 0 5 0

VA—U RICHMOND 60 0 0 15 0 0

VA—VA COMMON U 1012 110 0 120 54 0

VA—VA POLYTECH 735 11 0 160 2 0

VA—VA UNION U 40 0 0 10 0 0

VA—VA WESLEYAN COL 79 0 0 23 0 0

VA—WASH & LEE 71 0 0 39 0 0

VT—CASTLETON ST COL 119 0 0 35 0 0

VT—ST MICHAELS 130 0 0 33 0 0

WA—C WA UNIV 100 0 0 65 0 0

WA—E WA UNIV 48 0 0 7 0 0




WA—GONZAGA UNIV 250 0 0 75 0 0

WA—PAC LUTHERAN 50 0 0 10 0 0

WA—SEATTLE UNIV 210 0 0 47 0 0

WA—UNIV OF WA 676 31 36 465 6 5

WA—W WA UNIV 188 0 0 47 0 0

WA—WA ST UNIV 561 61 17 319 13 0

WA—WALLA WALLA 74 0 0 15 0 0

WA—WHITWORTH 111 0 0 22 0 0

WI—MARQUETTE U 1095 75 0 283 21 0

WI—U WI EAU CL 633 1 0 130 0

WI—U WI LA CRO 300 0 0 60 0 0

WI—U WI MA JOU 390 61 52 305 22 8

WI—U WI MA LIFE SCI 95 31 6 34 10 3

WI—U WI MIL 312 52 0 98 4 0

WI—U WI OSH KO 304 0 0 39 0 0

WI—U WI RIV FA 88 0 0 16 0 0

WI—U WI STEVE 30 0 0 6 0 0

WI—U WI WHITE 637 17 0 203 8 0

WI—UNIV WI SUPERIOR 145 1 0 0

WV—BETHANY COL 123 0 0 21 0 0

WV—MARSHALL U 345 35 0 42 8 0

WV—WV UNIV 538 63 0 145 8 0

WY—UNIV OF WY 280 24 0 108 7 0

DC—AMERICAN U 857 279 0 192 146 0

DC—G WASH UNIV 403 23 0 102 7 0

DC—HOWARD UNIV 882 64 68 140 11 15

PR—UNIV PR 676 59 0 94 6 0

PR—U SACRED HEART 1974 0 0 223 0 0

Note: Blank cells are missing data.

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