Grade 9 Final Exam Review

June 2017

ELEMENTS OF FICTIONReview Day 1

PLOT DIAGRAM REVIEW

Exposition

Rising Action

Climax

Falling Action

Resolution

Plot is described as the events in a story. It has a beginning, middle, and an end.

Plot is made up of five parts:

1) Exposition

- The beginning of the story; we are introduced to thecharacters and the setting

2) Rising Action

- Begins with an inciting incident. Then the events in the story become more and more complicated. The suspense and interest of the reader increases.

3) Climax

- The highest point of interest and the turning point of the story

4) Falling Action

- The conflict begins to resolve itself. The reader knows what has happened next and if the conflict was resolved or not

5) Resolution

- This is the final outcome or untangling of events in the story

Walk Tall by John Mellencamp

CHARACTER REVIEWThere are six terms we use to define and describe characters.

Protagonist:

The main character(s) in the story. He/she always faces a conflict.

Some examples:

Antagonist:

The character(s) or force that is in conflict with the protagonist. In some cases, this might not even be a living thing.

Some examples:

Round:Fully developed characters who are complex and realistic. The reader is exposed to different sides of their personality, lifestyle, and interests. Clear and realistic character traits.

Flat:

Characters who are less developed (often stereotypical) –they are usually minor characters and less realistic.

Dynamic:A character who undergoes a change in personality. He/she is affected by the events, and it has changed his/her personality, behavior, or perspective on life.

Static:A character whose personality remains the same throughout

the story. He/she is unchanged by the events that have happened.

CONFLICT REVIEW

External conflict

Person vs. Person

Person vs. Nature

Person vs. Society

Internal Conflict

Person vs. Self

Conflict can fit into two main categories:

Person vs. Person

➢A character struggles against another character.

Example:

Andy, a Royal, gets stabbed by a member of the rival gang, the Guardians.

Person vs. Nature

➢A character struggles against forces of nature.➢Storms, struggles against animals and physical ailments,

like disease.

Example:

In The Revenant, the main character is left for dead after being mauled by a bear in the cold northern territory.

Person vs. Society

➢A character struggles against the society in which he or she lives.

➢Usually a fight against social traditions, rules, or laws.

Example:

Mohammad Ali refused to be drafted into the USA armed forces in 1967.

Person vs. Self

➢A character dealing with his or her own mixed feelings or emotions

➢Not a visual or tangible opposition

Example:

A character may have to decide between right and wrong or between two solutions to a problem.

POINT OF VIEW REVIEWPoint of View:

The angle or perspective from which the story is told

First Person POV

•When the narrator is a character in the story

• This narrator is personally involved with other characters and the plot

•He/she is usually the protagonist

•We find out only what this character knows, thinks, and witnesses

Second Person POV

•When the narrator refers to the protagonist with the personal pronoun “you”.

•Places you in the shoes of a character within the story

•Not commonly used

Third Person Limited POV

• The narrator is NOT a character in the story.

• The narrator follows the protagonist and has access to only his/her thoughts and feelings

•Other characters are seen through their actions and dialogue only

Third Person Omniscient POV

• The narrator is not a character in the story

• The narrator has access to the feelings and thoughts of ALL characters

• The narrator can be in multiple places at the same time

•All knowing, all seeing: God-like

Third Person Objective POV

• The narrator is not a character in the story

• The narrator does not have access to the thoughts and feelings of the characters

• The narrator follows one character

•Knows only what is observed

REVIEW DAY 1 QUIZ

READING COMPREHENSION

Review Day 2

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND BASIC EDITING

Review Day 3

PARTS OF SPEECH REVIEWNoun – person, place, or thing

Proper noun – a specific person, place, or thing; must be capitalized

Verb – an action or state of being (is, are, was, were, ect.)

Adjective - describes a noun

Adverb - describes a verb and usually ends in ‘ly’

Conjunction – connects words, phrases, and clauses

COMMA RULES REVIEWUse a comma with a coordinating conjunction to form a compound sentence

Example:

Some of the kids are watching TV, and some of the kids are playing games.

Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS)

For

And

Nor

But

Or

Yet

SO

You cannot join two complete sentences together with a comma. This is called a comma splice.

Examples:

• Grandma bought me a new sweater for Christmas, it’s pretty nice too.

• A dog popped put of nowhere and started chasing me, I was so scared.

A run on sentence is two or more sentences written incorrectly as one.

Examples:

• She was beautiful they fell in love instantly.

• There is a new student in our class he is really nice.

• The new cars in the lot are really nice people are impressed.

There are three ways to fix comma splices and run on sentences:

1. Use a period to make two sentences.

2. Use a semicolon

3. Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS)

Apostrophe ErrorsFind the error in the following sentences:

1. I love Charlie’s laugh because its so loud and high-pitched.

2. I’m so excited to hear your parents idea about our new house.

3. Isnt it nice to just sit here quietly and relax.

Basic EditingWhich sentence is edited correctly:

a) Toronto’s sports teams all did poorly last year, but I am hoping they do better this year.

b) The kids sat and wondered if they were allowed to listen to their music after they'd completed there test.

c) If you could work on your conventions Billy you would be a much better writer.

Which sentence is correct:a) Little Ronny, who used to take the bus to school

doesn’t talk to me anymore.b) Little Ronny, who used to take the bus to school,

doesn’t talk to me anymore.c) Little Ronnie, who used to take the bus to school,

doesnt talk to me anymore.

REVIEW DAY 3 QUIZ

FORSHADOWING, FLASHBACK, AND THE OUTSIDERS

Review Day 4

The Outsiders

• Darry really:

a) resented Pony for making him miss college

b) respected Pony because of his common sense and loyalty

c) disliked having to take care of Ponyboy

d) loved Pony and was proud of him

• Which of the following characters would be considered flat?

a) Two-Bit Matthews c) Cherry Valance

b) Mrs. Cade d) Dallas Winston

• The Outsiders was told using what narrative point of view?

a) first person c) third person omniscient

b) third person limited d) different points of view

Foreshadowing

The narrator hints at something that may happen later on in the novel

• In the novel ,The Outsiders, Dally carries an empty gun.

• How would you explain this as foreshadowing?

Foreshadowing in The Outsiders

• “And Johnny, who was the most law-abiding of us, now carried in his back pocket a six-inch switchblade. He’d use it, too, if he ever got jumped again. They had scared him that much. He would kill the next person who jumped him.”

• “If that old church ever caught fire, there’d be no stopping it.”

• Ponyboy and Johnny run off to the park to “cool off” after Darry hits Ponyboy.

• Pony infers Dally has “broke” and reached his “breaking point.”

• “I been carryin’ around a heater. It ain’t loaded, but it sure does help in a bluff.”

REVIEW DAY 4 QUIZ

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE AND POETRY

Review Day 5

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE REVIEWSimile: a comparison of two things using the word “like” or “as”

Ex. The man is like a tall oak tree.

Metaphor: A comparison of two things without the use of “like or “as”. Ex. My heart's a stereo.

Personification: Giving life-like qualities to an inanimate object

Ex. The wind whispers through the trees.

Hyperbole: An exaggeration that is used for emphasis.

Ex. I’ve told you a million times not to shoot fireworks in the house!”

Onomatopoeia: the use of words that imitate the sound they represent.

Ex. “oink”, “bark”, “ring”, “meow”, “clang”, “bang”

Alliteration: The repetition of initial sounds in a line of poetry.

Ex. Students should sit silently in their seats.

POETRY TERMS REVIEWDiction: the word choices the poet makes.

Denotation: the dictionary meaning of a word.

Connotation: the subjective, emotional meaning of a word.

Stanza: the name we give the “paragraphs” found in a poem.

Rhyme scheme: the pattern of rhymes at the end of each line of a poem. We represent a poems rhyme scheme with letters.

REVIEW DAY 5 QUIZ

PERSUASIVE ESSAYReview Day 6 and 7

PERSUASIVE ESSAY TOPICS• Some novels, because of the topics they explore or the language used

in them, are banned from being read in high schools. In certain U.S. states, The Outsiders was banned from being taught. Should The Outsiders be allowed to be read and taught in high school classrooms?

• Should every student have their own laptop?

• Should there be more opportunities for students to travel abroad for school?

Introduction Three Body Paragraphs

Conclusion

• Hook• Description of issue• Thesis statement

with reasons

• Topic sentence that connects to thesis statement

• At least two supporting details

• Obvious concluding sentence that relates to the topic sentence

• Reworded thesis statement

• Review of reasons• Final thought or call

to action