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HASHMITE UNIVERSITY Civil Engineering Department

Geotechnical Laboratory

Lab Number: 4Experiment name: Sieve Analysis

&Grain Size Analysis

Name: Deiaa al-majaleeID Number: 433150Date: 22/10/2005

Section: 11

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Introduction: The experiment divided in two parts:

A. Sieve analysis (mechanic method)

The size of particles soil larger than sieve number 200B. Hydrometer

The size of particles soil passes sieve number 200.

Objective: This experiment important to classification the soil &draw the distribution of the size grain in a given soilmass by sieve analysis & hydrometer.

Equipment:

Sieve analysis:

1. Sieve, a bottom, and pan. NO of sieve(4, 10, 20, 40, 60, 140, 200).2. Balance sensitive up to 0.1g.3. Oven.4. Mechanical sieve shaker.5. Mortar and rubber – tipped pestle.

Hydrometer:

1. Hydrometer (calibrated).2. Electric mixer and dispersion.3. Thermometer reading to nearest 1ºC.4. Deflocculating agent (sodiumhexametaphsphate, typically).

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5. 24 hour timer with minute and secondgraduations.6. Two graduated cylinder of 6.35cm diameter and

1 letter capacity.7. Dry oven, at 110 ± 5ºC.8. Wash bottle, with distilled water.9. Large pelvis.

Procedure:Sieve analysis:

1. Break the soil into individual particles usingmortar a rubber- tipped pestle.2.determine the mass of the sample accurately to0.1g (w)3.Prepare a stack of sieve, a sieve larger openingsis placed above a sieve with smaller opening (1/2,3/8, 4, 8, 16, 30, 50, 100, 200).

4.pour the soil prepared in step into the stack of sieves from the top5.Place the cover on the top of the stack sieve.6.Run the stack of sieves through a sieve shakerfor about 10 to 15 minutes.7.Stop the sieve shaker and remove the stack of sieves.

8.Weight the amount of soil retained on eachsieve and bottom pan.9.if a considerable amount of soil with silty andclayey fractions is retained on sieve No 200 sieve,it has to be washed. Washing is done by takingthe No 200 sieve with the soil retained on it andpouring the sieve from a tap in the laboratory.

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Hydrometer:1.Sample size using the material passing in sieveNo 200 in the last laboratory to continue drawing

the percent finer – particles diameter graph.2.Place the sample in a 250-ml glass and cover with125 ml of the sodium hexametphsphate solution,stir until the soil is thoroughly wetted, then coverthe beaker and allow it to set overnight.3.At the end of the curing period disperse thesample further by using an electric mixer.

4. Immediately after dispersion, transfer the slurryto a hydrometer bottle partly filled withapproximately 100ml of distilled water.5. Add sufficient distilled water to bring the bottomof the volume in the hydrometer bottle to the1000ml calibration mark.6.place the palm of one hand tightly over the mouth

of hydrometer bottle and carefully turn the bottleupside down and back for a 1 minute period to mixsolution thoroughly be sure that none of the soilremains at the bottom of the bottle as the bottle isrotated, set the bottle down on a flat surface andprepare to take hydrometer readings.7.after the bottle is set down following the mixing

period, quickly but carefully insert the calibratedthe hydrometer into the solution this should bedone with both hands to prevent the hydrometerfrom spinning and bobbing in the suspension aswill as prevent it from resting against the side of the bottle, care must also be taken to insert thehydrometer into suspension only to depth at whichit will float when released, the insertion timeshould not approximately 30 second.

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8.Take the hydrometer reading after 1min, 2min,4min, 8min, 15min, 30min, and 4016min.9.once consistent reading have been obtained,

leaving the hydrometer in the solution for first2min reading, remove the hydrometer in thesuspension and place it in a second hydrometerbottle filled only with distilled water at the sametemperature as the soil- water suspension.10. Record the temperature of the soil –watersuspension following each hydrometer reading.

11. After the final reading, pour the suspensioninto a large, clean, pre-weighed evaporate thesolution in the dry oven at 110±5 ºC, care must betaken to avoid losing any soil.12. Determine the dry weight of the soil used inthe test to the nearest 0.01g and record as (WS).

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Data Analysis & Result:

Table 1: sieve analysis:

SieveNo

Sieveopening

(mm)

Mass of soilretained oneach sieve,

Wn (g)

Percent massretained on

each sieve Rn

Cumulativepercent

retained,∑Rn

Percentfiner,100-

∑Rn

(1/2) 12.5 0 0.000% 0 100.000%

(3/8) 9.5 1.58 0.316% 0.316% 99.684%

# 4 4.75 13.97 2.794% 3.110% 96.890%

# 8 2.38 11.4 2.280% 5.390% 94.610%

# 16 1.18 11.63 2.326% 7.716% 92.284%

# 30 0.6 8.58 1.716% 9.432% 90.568%

# 50 0.3 6.45 1.290% 10.722% 89.278%

# 100 0.15 6.2 1.240% 11.962% 88.038%

# 200 0.075 7.19 1.438% 13.400% 86.600%

Pan 28.09

Table 2: hydrometer

Elapsed Time

(minutes)

HydrometerReading Ract

(divisions)

CorrectedHydrometer Reading

(divisions)Water Temp ºc

0.3 1.029 1.0255 22

1 1.0265 1.023 22

2 1.025 1.0215 22

4 1.0225 1.019 22

8 1.0215 1.018 22

15 1.02 1.0165 2230 1.0185 1.0155 22

4016 1.01 1.0065 20

Table 3: hydrometer

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Specific Gravityof Water at Test

temp

Viscosity of Water at Test

Temp (N)

L(cm)

D (mm) Percent smaller than (%)

0.99777 9.61 8.6 0.0542 80%0.99777 9.61 9.3 0.0394 72.65%

0.99777 9.61 9.7 0.0288 67..3%

0.99777 9.6110..35

0.021 60%

0.99777 9.6110..6

0.015 56.9%

0.99777 9.61 11.0 0.011 52.1%

0.99777 9.61 11.4 0.0081 47.4%

0.99820 10.09 13.7 0.00076 20..53%

Sample of Calculation:

d= [(30*(N)*L)/ (980(GS-GW)*(L/t)) [1/2

d= [(30*(9.61*10-3)/ (980(2.7-.99777)*(8.6/0.5)

=0.0532 mm

Pf = [(1*105*Gs*(R-Gw))/((Gs-Gw)Ws))]*(Wt-WS)*100%Pf = [(1*105*2.72*(1.0225-0.9977))/((2.72-0.9977)*50))]*452.3/500

*100%= 80%

Discussion & conclusion:7

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• This experiment divided in twoparts: sieve analysis, in this part we measure thesize of soil particles by the sieves so the coarse

particles retained in the sieves above sieve No200.In the hydrometer we can measure the size of grain passing sieve No200 by hydrometer device• This experiment important toclassify the soil by drawing the distribution of thesize grain in a given soil mass than you candetermine the percent finer in any size for example

if more than half is larger than sieve No200(75µmm) &more than half of coarse fraction islarger than No4 (4.75mm) then the soil classify asgravels.

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