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    A P P L I C A T I O N A N D I N S T A L L A T I O N

    GOVERNORS GAS & DIESEL

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    ContentsGovernors Gas & Diesel ............................................................... 1

    Governor Basics ............................................................................ 2

    Droop.................................................................................... 2

    Isochronous .......................................................................... 2

    Compensation ...................................................................... 3

    Speed Band.......................................................................... 3

    Transient Response ............................................................. 3

    Types of Governors ....................................................................... 4

    Hydra-mechanical Governor................................................. 4

    Vernier and Positive Lock Governor Control ........................ 4

    Governor Control Motor........................................................ 4

    Woodward PSG Governor.................................................... 4

    Woodward 3161 Governor ................................................... 4

    Caterpillar Programmable Electronic Engine Control

    (PEEC) ................................................................................. 5

    Woodward Flo-Tech 68 Governing System.......................... 5

    Woodward 8290/524 and 8290/1724 Governors.................. 5

    Woodward 2301A Speed Control Governor ......................... 6

    Woodward 2301A Load Sharing Governor........................... 6

    Woodward 701A and 723PLUS Digital Speed Control......... 8

    Woodward ProAct................................................................. 9

    Heinzmann E30 Electronic Governor ................................. 10

    Generator Set Stability and Response ............................... 10

    Governor Selection ...................................................................... 12

    Wiring Methods and Considerations............................................ 14

    Wire Size and Shielding .......................................................... 14

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    Wire Size ............................................................................ 14

    Shielding............................................................................. 14

    Wire Insulation ........................................................................ 14

    Connectors.............................................................................. 14

    Routing, Support & Protection of Harnesses........................... 14

    Routing ............................................................................... 14

    Conduit ............................................................................... 14

    Support ............................................................................... 15

    Separating AC & DC Circuits .................................................. 15

    Grounding ............................................................................... 15

    Noise & Electromagnetic Interference..................................... 15

    Reference Material ...................................................................... 16

    Media List................................................................................ 16

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    ForewordThis section of the Application and Installation Guide generally describes

    Governors for Caterpillar gas and diesel engines listed on the cover of thissection. Additional engine systems, components and dynamics are addressed inother sections of this Application and Installation Guide.

    Engine-specific information and data is available from a variety of sources.Refer to the Introduction section of this guide for additional references.

    Systems and components described in this guide may not be available orapplicable for every engine.

    Information contained in this publication may be considered confidential.

    Discretion is recommended when distributing. Materials and specifications aresubject to change without notice.

    CAT, CATERPILLAR, their respective logos, Caterpillar Yellow and thePOWER EDGE trade dress, as well as corporate and product identity usedherein, are trademarks of Caterpillar and may not be used without permission.

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    Application and Installation Guide Governors Gas & Diesel

    Governors Gas & DieselWhile many Caterpillar engines utilize advanced electronic control systems,

    with integrated engine speed governing capabilities, there are many Caterpillarengines, both gas and diesel, that require the use of separate engine speedgoverning systems. This section of the Application and Installation Guide

    discusses governor basics, various governor types and governor features.

    Engine speed governing systems associated with the advanced electroniccontrol systems are addressed in the Diesel Engine Control Systems and GasEngine Control and Ignition Systems sections of the Application & InstallationGuide.

    SECTION CONTENTS

    Governor Basics..................... 2

    Types of Governors................ 4

    Governor Selection .............. 12

    Wiring Methods andConsiderations ..................... 15 Wire Size & Shielding

    Wire Insulation Connectors

    Routing & Support

    Grounding

    Noise & ElectromagneticInterference

    Reference Material ................17

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    Governors Gas & Diesel Application and Installation Guide

    Governor Basics

    The engine governor in its simplestform controls engine speed. To selectthe correct governor for a particular

    application, governor capabilities mustbe understood. The following termsare commonly encountered whendescribing governors.

    DroopDroop describes the relationship of

    engine speed change from no load(high idle) to full load (rated) in steadystate operation. It is the rpm lossexperienced when a load is applied toan engine operating at a fixed throttleposition.

    Expressed as a percentage, droop iscalculated as follows.

    (No-load speed Full-load speed) x100% Droop =

    Full-load speed

    Figure 1 and Figure 2 describevarious degrees of droop for bothgenerator and industrial applications.

    The percent droop remains constantand independent of operator speedchange. Percent droop will not changeif the operator moves the throttleposition because the change affectsthe full load speed. Although the full-load rpm will change, the relationship(% droop) between full-load and no-load will not change.

    Many applications can easily acceptsome speed droop. This allows the

    use of a less costly and less complexgovernor and still allows, in generatorsets, the capability of paralleling withother units.

    Generator Applications

    Figure 1

    Industrial Applications

    Figure 2

    IsochronousIsochronous is a term that describes

    0% droop; the engine rpm remainsconstant as load is applied from noload to full load. This capability is often

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    Application and Installation Guide Governors Gas & Diesel

    required on generator sets with certainloads demanding precise frequencycontrol such as communicationsequipment, computers, movie lightingand clocks. Isochronous speed

    capability is also required forautomatic paralleling.

    CompensationCompensation is a governor

    feedback adjustment feature thatallows the governor to be tuned to theapplication. Compensation increasesengine stability. This feature may behydraulic or electrical and increasesthe cost of the governor.

    Speed BandSpeed Band is a tolerance on speed

    at any steady load. Refer to Figure 3.

    For example, the Woodward 3161governor has a speed tolerance of0.33% while the Woodward 2301Aand Heinzmann electronic governorsoffer 0.25%.

    Figure 3

    Transient ResponseTransient Response is characterized

    by a speed dip or rise; it is the time

    interval required for the engine speedto recover from a sudden load change.

    Dip is the maximum momentarydecrease in speed (frequency) uponsudden load increase.

    Overshoot is the maximummomentary increase in speed(frequency) upon sudden loadremoval.

    Figure 4 shows an example of how

    an engine reacts to sudden loadchanges. The illustration labelsovershoot at load application, but notat load removal.

    Governors are only one factoraffecting transient response. The sizeof the engine load, engineconfiguration, type of generator,voltage regulator and rotating inertia ofengine & generator are significantinfluences on an engines recovery

    capabilities.

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    Governors Gas & Diesel Application and Installation Guide

    Figure 4

    Types of Governors

    Application requirements for

    governors can range from simple tocomplex. Just as there are a widevariety of applications, Caterpillaroffers a wide variety of governors tomeet customer needs.

    Hydra-mechanical GovernorThe Caterpillar hydra-mechanical

    governors sense engine speedmechanically, and use the engines oilpressure to hydraulically move the

    actuator. This governor has a fixeddroop, generally 2-15%. Caterpillarhydra-mechanical governors areavailable for both gas and dieselengine applications.

    Vernier and Positive Lock GovernorControl

    Vernier and Positive Lock GovernorControl is a mechanical device usedwith the hydra-mechanical governor tomanually adjust the engine rated

    speed set point.Governor Control Motor

    The Governor Control Motor is anoptional 24 VDC motor, available foruse with the hydra-mechanicalgovernor, which replaces the Vernierand Positive Lock Governor Controland allows for engine speed controlfrom a remote location through agovernor raise/lower toggle switch.This governor control switch is used

    with the optional EMCP II.

    Woodward PSG GovernorThe PSG, shown in Figure 5, is a

    hydra-mechanical speed controlgovernor used for controlling speedand load sharing. The PSG governorcan be used in the droop mode or in

    isochronous operation, depending on

    the application. The industrial enginescome standard with a positive lockingmanual speed control. The generatorsets come standard with a 24 VDCmotor that can provide remote speedadjustment. Even though the PSG hasits own oil pump, it uses oil from theengine and must use straight weightoil for proper governor operation.

    Figure 5

    Woodward 3161 GovernorThe 3161, shown in Figure 6, is a

    hydra-mechanical governor capable ofisochronous operation. In addition toisochronous operation, the 3161 canbe externally adjusted for 0%(isochronous) to 8% droop. The 3161comes with either manual, pneumatic(3-15 psi), or electric (24 VDC) remotespeed control. A compensation needle

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    Application and Installation Guide Governors Gas & Diesel

    valve is provided that allowsadjustment of stability and response.

    Figure 6

    Caterpillar ProgrammableElectronic Engine Control (PEEC)

    The Caterpillar ProgrammableElectronic Engine Control (PEEC)utilizes an Electronic Control Module(ECM) that drives a Brushless TorqueMotor (BTM). This system controls therack position and drives a fuel shutoffvalve for absolute control of fuel to theengine. Desired engine speed anddroop are received by the ECMthrough Pulse Width Modulated(PWM) inputs and are held withintolerances for isochronous and droopmode. The proper amount of fuel isdelivered through the fuel systembased on these calculations. For

    isochronous load sharing, anadditional (optional) module isavailable. Communication from PEECto the EMCP is via a PWM converter.

    Woodward Flo-Tech 68 GoverningSystem

    The combination of the Flo-Techspeed control and the Flo-Tech 68actuator with integral throttle, shown in

    Figure 7, offers improved stability andresponse over the former actuator andcontrol. Flo-Tech offers flow-shapingwhich optimizes the flow of the fuelmixture into the cylinders. Thisenhancement addresses the flowvariability of the standard throttle body.

    The Flo-Tech 68 governing system isdesigned to provide basic isochronousspeed control for gas engines.Engines with mechanical loads and

    generator loads are handled equallywell. This governing system isstandard on all G3406 engines usedfor electric power generation.

    Figure 7

    Woodward 8290/524 and 8290/1724Governors

    The Woodward 8290/524 and8290/1724, shown in Figure 8, arecompletely electronic add-on

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    Governors Gas & Diesel Application and Installation Guide

    governing systems. The 8290identifies the control module. The 524and 1724 identify the electric actuatorassembly. The 8290 is an isochronouselectronic control. In order to provide

    load share capability, an add-on loadshare module is offered as anattachment.

    Figure 8

    Woodward 2301A Speed ControlGovernor

    The 2301A Speed Control Governoris an electric isochronous governorwith droop adjustment. It is used tocontrol EG3P gas and diesel enginesor EG6PC diesel engines and anengine-driven hydraulic actuator. Thehydraulic actuator is operated bystraight weight engine oil.

    An EG3P gas engine actuator isshown in Figure 9. The 2301A SpeedControl Governor is used mainly for

    stand alone applications. If operatedparallel to a utility, the governor canonly control in droop mode. In theisochronous mode, it cannot loadshare with another unit or the utilitywithout a Woodward load sharemodule.

    Figure 9

    Woodward 2301A Load SharingGovernor

    The 2301A Load Sharing governor,shown in Figure 10, is a 2301A SpeedControl with a built-in load sharemodule. It also uses the EG3Pactuator for gas engine applications,but has several available options fordiesel engine applications.

    Figure 10

    A UG hydra-electric actuator is

    standard supply for diesel engines, butEGB-29P and EGB-13P actuators areavailable options. The EGB actuatorsinclude shut-off solenoids andmechanical ballhead backups, inforward or reverse actingconfigurations. The ballhead backupallows for engine control when the

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    Application and Installation Guide Governors Gas & Diesel

    electrical governor control signal is lostat the actuator; when in ballhead back-up mode, the governor is lessresponsive to load changes. Theforward and reverse acting

    configurations are described below.Forward Acting

    When the control signal is lost at theactuator, the EGB actuator goes to thefuel shut-off position. A pneumaticstart assist puts the actuator underballhead control when supplied with690 to 1655 kPa (100 to 240 psi)control air.

    Reverse ActingWhen the control signal is lost at the

    actuator, the engine speed increasesto approximately 25 rpm above rated,no-load speed and the ballhead modeswitch closes electrical contacts whenthe ballhead back-up is controlling theengine.

    CAUTION: Setting the ballhead speedaffects the amount of load the enginecarries during ballhead operation.

    Energized-To-Shutdown (ETS) and

    Energized-To-Run (ETR) fuel shut-offsystems, in conjunction with forwardand reverse acting actuator options,allow a wide variety of shut downactions to occur in the event of varioussignal losses.

    When an ETS system loses controlvoltage, the governor shutoff solenoidwill allow the engine to continue to rununder the control of the 2301A. Theemergency-stop button must be used

    to shut the engine down. A reverseacting and a direct acting actuator willbehave the same with an ETS system.

    Use of the ETR system introducesthe possibility of a brownout orblackout; this is not present using theETS system.

    Table 1 and Table 2 show asummary of actions resulting fromdifferent signal losses while the engineis running. Also listed, are caseswhere the engine cannot be started

    without further action or options.

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    Governors Gas & Diesel Application and Installation Guide

    Reverse Acting

    Loss of: Results In:

    ETS ETR

    Solenoid voltage

    (at solenoid)No shutoff (a)

    Shutdown

    (b)Control voltage

    (to 2301A)Ballhead Ballhead

    Actuator signal(from 2301A)

    Ballhead Ballhead

    Speed signalfrom magnetic

    pickupShutdown Shutdown

    (a) Must use air shutoff to shutdown engine.

    (b) Cannot start engine until problem is corrected.

    Table 1

    If it is desired to go to the ballheadbackup governor upon loss of speedpickup signal, the following steps mustbe performed before starting theengine.

    Turn the start fuel limitpotentiometer fully clockwise(CW).

    Put a jumper wire across the

    failsafe override terminalso Terminals 16 and 18 on 24

    VDC, model 4P1570.

    o Terminals 0 and 18 on highvoltage, model 4P1561.

    If the fail-safe override is not inplace, the actuator will go to minimumfuel (shutoff) with loss of speed pickupsignal.

    If the failsafe override is wired

    correctly, but the start fuel limit is ineffect (potentiometer not fullyclockwise), the actuator will go to thestart fuel limit position upon loss ofspeed pickup signal.

    Forward Acting

    Loss of: Results In:

    ETS ETR

    Solenoid voltage(at solenoid)

    No shutoff (a)Shutdown

    (b)

    Control voltage(to 2301A)

    Shutdown(c)

    Shutdown(c)

    Actuator signal(from 2301A)

    Shutdown(c)

    Shutdown(c)

    Speed signalfrom magnetic

    pickup

    Shutdown(b)

    Shutdown(b)

    (a) Must use air shutoff to shutdown engine.

    (b) Cannot start engine until problem is corrected.

    (c) Cannot start engine without pneumatic or manualballhead changeover option.

    Table 2

    When an application requires loadsharing between paralleled ACgenerators or the utility, the 2301ALoad Sharing Governor is moreeconomical than the 2301Acombination with a load controlmodule. This governor is isochronous(with droop adjustment) and isspecifically designed to provideautomatic and proportional loaddivision between paralleled ACgenerators and still maintainisochronous speed. This governor issatisfactory for single and multiple-unitpower applications, or when usedindividually in the standby mode.

    Woodward 701A and 723PLUSDigital Speed Control

    The 701A and 723PLUS governors,shown in Figure 11, aremicroprocessor controlled with

    programmable memory to varygovernor dynamics. These governorshave provisions for multiple gainsettings which allow optimizing of thegovernor adjustments and engineperformance for the various modes ofoperation. An increasing number ofunits are being installed in complex

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    power projects where the governormust be integrated with processcontrollers that combine operation withauto parallel devices, auto loadingdevices, and export/import controllers.

    For satisfactory performance, differentgovernor gains are required for eachmode of operation. For thoseinstallations requiring multiplegovernor gains, Caterpillarrecommends the Woodward 701A or723PLUS digital governor. The 701Aand 723PLUS governors have speedcontrol functions only. Load shareability is provided by an additionalmodule. The 701A and 723PLUS

    governor load share module is thesame add-on module as for the8290/1724. The 701A governor alsouses the EG3P hydraulic actuator andrequires straight weight oil. The723PLUS governor uses the UGhydra-electric, EGB-29P or EGB-13Pactuators as previously described.

    Figure 11

    When the following two conditionsoccur concurrently, the Woodward701A or 723PLUS governor isrecommended for use in place of the2301A:

    When installation involves anautomatic paralleling device.

    When the unit is paralleled to autility grid even briefly duringload transfer.

    Woodward ProActThe ProAct governor, shown in

    Figure 12, is a digital control systemwith an electrically powered governoractuator. The actuator in Figure 13 isdirectly coupled to the engine throttleand it provides 75 degrees of rotation.The control has two complete sets ofdynamic adjustments to aid whenoperating with such conditions as twodifferent fuels, or in parallel/stand-alone electrical generation. A four-point gain schedule is available in

    each set of dynamics. The control canoperate in isochronous or droop.

    Figure 12

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    Governors Gas & Diesel Application and Installation Guide

    Figure 13

    Heinzmann E30 ElectronicGovernor

    The Heinzmann E30 provides enginespeed governing with high and low idleadjustment and a remote speedsetting potentiometer. Speed droop isadjustable between isochronous and8%. The governor system includes anelectrically driven actuator, engine-mounted at right rear, with an engine-mounted speed pickup. The controlleris shipped loose for remote mountingand includes all electrical connectorsrequired for wiring.

    The governor operates on 20-35VDC @ 8 amps. A shipped-loosepower supply can be provided forcertain governor system selections.This supply converts 110/115 VAC or220/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz single phaseinto 24 VDC. It can also be used with190/230/380/460 VAC 3 phase.

    The actuator does not have ballheadbackup capability. Battery backup canbe provided as an optional attachment.

    Additional control functions includingload share interfacing with Woodwardgovernors, ramp loading, and torquelimiting are available as a specialorder.

    Generator Set Stability andResponse

    The transient response and steady-state stability of generator set enginescan vary with a number of the

    following factors. Engine model

    Engine speed

    Aspiration

    Power factor

    Governor

    Gas pressure

    Presence of an idle circuit

    Diesel engines have a shortmechanical path between the governoractuator and the fuel delivery systemto the combustion chamber. Thisresults in a very responsive systemthat responds quickly to load changerequests from the governor.

    On gas engines, the governorcontrols a throttle plate that adjusts theintake manifold pressure to controlpower. The intake manifold pressure

    will determine the amount of air-fuelmixture in the combustion chamber,hence the engine power. The physicalvolume of the intake manifold and theflow dynamics of the air/fuel mixtureadd time constants into the governorcontrol system. The result is a lessresponsive system than the diesel.

    ISO 8528, Class 1 and 2 areinternational standards for generatorset response criteria. ISO has

    recognized the response differencesbetween diesel and gas engines andhas two different sets of performancerequirements. ISO requirements forgas engines are not as stringent asthey are for diesel engines. Thefrequency deviation and recoverytimes for gas engines are

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    approximately double that of diesel.The two different ISO classes refer tothe performance level orspecifications. Class 2 has moredemanding performance specifications

    than Class 1. Table 3 and Table 4reflect the current ISO standards forClass 1 and Class 2 engines as theyapply to Caterpillar gas engines.

    Transient Response

    Class 1 Class 2Frequency Recovery Time 10 sec 5 sec

    Frequency DeviationStepped Load Increase -25% -20%

    100% Load Decrease +18% +12%Tolerance for Recovery 1.75% 1.0%

    Voltage Recovery Time 10 sec 6 secVoltage Deviation

    Stepped Load Decrease +35% +25%

    This criteria is based on adding load in two steps:Step 1: 800 kPa (116 psi) bmep or approximately 64%of rated load on most TA engines.Step 2: Remainder of load.Full load pickup for engines rated above 800 kPa (116psi) bmep, is not a requirement under the ISOclassification. For dropping a load, 100% is used.Note: Above 116 psi (800 kPa), the ISO guideline isactually a sliding scale. Only at a 180 psi (1240 kPa)rating is the recommended first load step 64%. Then,for example, as the rating increases above 196 psi

    (1350 kPa) the first step is only 60% and a third loadstep is recommended to achieve 100% loading.

    Table 3

    Steady-State StabilityClass 1 Class 2

    Frequency 1.25% 0.75%Voltage 5.0% 2.5%

    The generator set stability required for auto-parallelingis 0.25%. (Note: this is a Caterpillar requirement, notan ISO requirement.)

    Table 4

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    Governors Gas & Diesel Application and Installation Guide

    Governor Selection

    Table 5 and Table 6 summarize the various governor configurations offered inthe price list.

    Governor Availability and Recommended Usage

    Hydra-mechanical

    3161PositiveLock

    3161Pneumatic

    316124VDCMotor

    PSG

    PositiveLock

    PSG

    24VDCMotor

    8290/524

    8290/1724

    2301

    2301ASpeedControl

    2301ALoadSharing

    701A

    723Plus

    Flo-Tech68GoverningSystem

    HeinzmannE30

    CaterpillarPEEC

    G3500 Ind S A A A

    G3500 Gen* S A A

    G3412 Ind S A A

    G3412 Gen A A S A

    G3408 Ind S A A

    G3408 Gen A A S A

    G3406 Ind S A A

    G3406 Gen S

    G3306 Ind S A

    G3306 Gen S

    G3304 Ind S

    3600 MUI A A A

    3500 MUI S A

    3400 MUI S A A A A A A

    3300 MUI S A

    S = Standard Equipment

    A = Attachment, Obtained Separately

    * Some models offering Woodward ProAct as standard. Consult price list for details.

    Table 5

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    Application and Installation Guide Governors Gas & Diesel

    Governor Features

    Hydra-mechanical

    3161PositiveLock

    3161Pneumatic

    316124VDCMotor

    PSG

    PositiveLock

    PSG

    24VDCMotor

    8290/524

    8290/1724

    2301ASpeedControl

    2301ALoadSharing

    701A

    723Plus

    Flo-Tech68Governing

    System

    HeinzmannE30

    CaterpillarPEEC

    Speed Droop X X X X X X X X X X X

    Isochronous X X X X X X X X

    Load Sharing At Isochronous Speed X* X* X X* X** X

    Rheostat Speed Adjustment X X X X X

    Electric Motor Speed Adjustment X X

    Pneumatic Speed Adjustment X

    Manual Speed Adjustment X X X

    Adjustable Feedback Comp. X X X X X X X X X

    Dual Dynamics X X

    Manual Paralleling X X X X X X X**

    Automatic Paralleling X* X* X X* X**

    High Idle Low Idle Contact X X X X X

    * Load sharing is provided by an optional load share module.** Additional accessories required.

    Table 6

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    Governors Gas & Diesel Application and Installation Guide

    Wiring Methods and Considerations

    Control devices are especiallysensitive to wiring methods andpractices. Proper wiring, grounding

    and shielding can greatly reduceimproper governor operation and avoidequipment damage.

    Wire Size and Shielding

    Wire SizeIt is imperative to size the wire

    according to the maximum amperagethe wire will carry. Improper sizing canresult in excessive voltage drop of thesignal or supply and heat dissipation in

    the wire. Wire size needs to beconsidered from battery or powersupply to low voltage signal wiring.Refer to the NFPA, National ElectricCode or similar for wire sizing tables.

    ShieldingGenerally, use shielded wire for

    magnetic pickups as well as wiring forthe electronic governor actuator. Theshield should be grounded on one end

    only to prevent current flow fromcreating a potential noise source in theshield. Shield breakouts should notexceed 51 mm (2 in) in length.

    Wire InsulationConsideration of wire insulation will

    allow proper usage to protect thecurrent conductors from environmentalconditions and abrasion. It will alsocontribute to the ampacity of the wire.Ampacity is a measured amount of

    amperage a conductor can carrywithout exceeding its temperaturelimits.

    ConnectorsIt is imperative that connectors be

    applied that are acceptable to thespecific application. Sealing and

    vibration capabilities need to beconsidered for reliability. A minimumsealing capability of 35 kPa (5 psi) and

    vibration capability of 30 G's rms (100to 2000 Hz) should be considered inengine applications.

    Moisture ingression, of theconnector, will allow the formation ofcorrosion and create a conductive pathbetween conductors. Excessivevibration will allow the wearing away ofthe metal at the contact points of theconnector, also called pin fretting.Corrosion and pin fretting may cause

    intermittent or complete failure of theconnector.

    Routing, Support & Protectionof Harnesses

    RoutingHarnesses should be installed and

    routed to prevent accidental contact bypersonnel or components that maywear into the conductors. Unavoidable

    contact with vibrating componentsrequires protection to prevent wearinto the harness.

    Route harnesses and wires awayfrom hot exhaust manifolds andturbochargers, unless specialinsulation is provided. Route so wiringis protected from abrasive wear (suchas grommets). Avoid sharp harnessradii to reduce unnecessary wireconnection strain. Route harnesses

    such that someone standing onequipment does not strain wiring.

    ConduitMetal conduit will help reduce

    electrical noise, therefore, it'spreferred to plastic conduit.

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    Application and Installation Guide Governors Gas & Diesel

    SupportDepending on method of harnessing,

    either bundled wires in a flexiblesleeve or in rigid conduit, theharnesses should be supported as

    needed to prevent sagging or strain onthe conductors. Provide supportbetween 150 to 300 mm (6 to 12 in) oneither side of the connectors. Thissupport distance prevents vibrationsfrom being induced into the connectorand prevents undue strain of theconnector's weight on the conductors.

    Separating AC & DC CircuitsWiring for DC circuits, magnetic

    pickups, thermocouples and RTD'scan be routed in common conduits.However, they must not be in thesame conduit with AC circuits. Inaddition, AC circuits greater than 600volts should be separated from ACcircuits less than 600 volts.

    GroundingGround loops should be avoided.

    Ground points should not be painted.

    Electrical codes and servicepublications or instructions mayprovide additional requirements.

    IEEE Standard 142 (RecommendedPractice for Grounding of Industrial

    and Commercial Power Systems),IEEE Standard 1100 (RecommendedPractice for Powering and GroundingSensitive Electronic Equipment) mayalso provide additional assistance.

    Noise & ElectromagneticInterference

    To avoid potential noise, signalwiring should not exceed 30 m (98 ft)in length.

    Avoid coiling extra wire length as itcan create an electromagneticcompatibility (EMC) issue. Extra wirelength should be cut off.

    Installations with severeelectromagnetic interference (EMI)may require shielded wire run inconduit, double shielded wire, or otherprecautions.

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    Governors Gas & Diesel Application and Installation Guide

    Reference Material

    Media ListThe following information is provided

    as an additional reference to subjects

    discussed in this manual.

    SENR3028: Systems Operation Caterpillar 3161 Governor

    SENR3585: Systems Operation -2301A Electric Governors (LoadSharing) for Generator Set

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