government of nepal ministry of physical planning and works … · 2016-07-10 · government of...

Government of Nepal Ministry of Physical Planning and Works

Department of Roads

ROAD SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (New Project Preparation and Supervision Services)

(IDA GRANT NO: H339 – NEP)

SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN FOR UPGRADING OF

GOKULESWOR TO DARCHULA (Chainage: km 54+000 – km 126+000)

MMM Group Ltd. (Canada) in JV with

SAI Consulting Engineers (P) Ltd. (India) in association with

ITECO Nepal (P) Ltd. (Nepal) & Total Management Services (Nepal)

September 2010

FINAL

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wb370910

Typewritten Text

E2567 vol. 4

Site-Specific EMAP Report Gokulaswor To Darchula Road September 2010

Road Sector Development Project (IDA Grant No. : H339-NEP) New Project Preparation & Supervision Page i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1-1

1.1 Background .......................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Salient Feature of the Project ............................................................................... 1-1

1.3 Description of the Proposed Road Upgrading Area .............................................. 1-1

1.4 Proposed Road Upgrading Major Works .............................................................. 1-3

2. AIMS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (SS-EMAP)2-1

3. RATIONALE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP)3-1

4. REVIEW OF INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXMINATION (IEE): ........................ 4-1

5. FORSEABLE PRESSUSRE ON THE FORESTS OF ROAD STRETCH: .......... 5-1

6. PUBLIC CONSUTATIONS ................................................................................. 6-1

7. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS .......... 7-1

7.1 Extra Cuttings ...................................................................................................... 7-1

7.2 Retaining Walls .................................................................................................... 7-1

7.3 Drains .................................................................................................................. 7-1

8. CAPACITY BUIDLING ....................................................................................... 8-1

8.1 Why Need It ......................................................................................................... 8-1

8.2 Who, When and What Need in It .......................................................................... 8-1

9. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS: ........................................................... 9-1

10. KEY ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES RELATED TO ROAD UPGRADING AND ITS MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS .................................................................. 10-1

11. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN ROAD UPGRADING DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ................................................................................ 11-1

11.1 Laborforce Campsite Establishment/Management/De-commissioning ............... 11-1

11.1.1 Campsite Establishment ....................................................................................... 11-1 11.1.2 Prospective Laborforce Campsite......................................................................... 11-1 11.1.3 Campsite Management ......................................................................................... 11-2 11.1.4 Campsite Decommissioning ................................................................................. 11-3 11.1.5 Labor Campsite Establishment, Management and Decommission Verification ... 11-3

11.2 Contractor's Office and Campsite Establishment, Management and Decommissioning ............................................................................................... 11-3

11.2.1 Campsite Establishment ....................................................................................... 11-3 11.2.2 Prospective Contractors' Campsite ...................................................................... 11-4 11.2.3 Campsite Management ......................................................................................... 11-4 11.2.4 Campsite De-commissioning ................................................................................ 11-5 11.2.5 Contractor’s Office and Campsite Establishment, Management & Decommission

Verification: ........................................................................................................... 11-5

11.3 Quarry ................................................................................................................ 11-5

11.3.1 Source and its Extractions Guidelines .................................................................. 11-5 11.3.2 Potential Rock Sources ........................................................................................ 11-5 11.3.3 Vigilance on the Conditions of Extractions ........................................................... 11-6 11.3.4 Decommission upon its Non-extractions .............................................................. 11-6 11.3.5 Quarry Operation and Decommission Verification: .............................................. 11-6

11.4 Burrow Pits ......................................................................................................... 11-6


Road Sector Development Project (IDA Grant No. : H339-NEP) New Project Preparation & Supervision Page ii

11.4.1 Source and its Extractions .................................................................................... 11-6 11.4.2 Vigilance on the Conditions of Extractions ........................................................... 11-6 11.4.3 Closure upon its Non-extractions.......................................................................... 11-7 11.4.4 Borrow Pit Excavation and Decommission Verification: ....................................... 11-7

11.5 Materials Stockpiling .......................................................................................... 11-7

11.5.1 Top Soil Stockpiling .............................................................................................. 11-7 11.5.2 Sand Stockpiling ................................................................................................... 11-8 11.5.3 Pit Materials Stockpiling ........................................................................................ 11-8 11.5.4 Closure upon its Non-usage ................................................................................. 11-8 11.5.5 Stockpiling Verification .......................................................................................... 11-8

11.6 Excess Cut / Fill Materials Disposal: ................................................................... 11-8

11.6.1 Excess Cut / Fill Materials Source ........................................................................ 11-8 11.6.2 Prospective Sites for Excess Materials Disposal .................................................. 11-9 11.6.3 Restrict Excess Cut/Fill Materials from Disposal on Unsafe Locations ................ 11-9 11.6.4 Excess Cut / Fill Materials Disposal of to Designated Spots Only ....................... 11-9 11.6.5 Excess Cut / Fill Materials Safe Disposal Verification: ......................................... 11-9

11.7 Reinstatement of Existing Public Utilities and Services .................................... 11-10

11.7.1 Critical Zone Requiring Meticulous Works .......................................................... 11-10 11.7.2 Other Services Foreseen to Affect...................................................................... 11-10

11.8 Crusher Plant ................................................................................................... 11-11

11.8.1 Crusher Plant Installation and Operation ............................................................ 11-11 11.8.2 Crusher Plant Decommission ............................................................................. 11-12 11.8.3 Crusher Plant Installation, Operation and Decommission Verification: .............. 11-12 11.8.4 Bitumen ............................................................................................................... 11-12 11.8.5 Bitumen Storage ................................................................................................. 11-12 11.8.6 Bitumen Blending ................................................................................................ 11-13 11.8.7 Bitumen Handlers ............................................................................................... 11-13 11.8.8 Bitumen Storage/Blending Site Decommission .................................................. 11-13 11.8.9 Bitumen Storage Site, Blending Operation and Decommission Verification: ..... 11-14

12. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP)........................ 12-1

12.1 Environmental Management Roles and Responsibility ....................................... 12-1

12.2 Site Supervision, Monitoring and Reporting ........................................................ 12-2

12.3 Pre-construction Phase ...................................................................................... 12-3

12.4 Construction Phase ............................................................................................ 12-3

12.5 Post - construction Phase .................................................................................. 12-4

12.6 Operational Phase ............................................................................................. 12-4

12.7 Project Level Monitoring ..................................................................................... 12-4

12.8 DoR Level Monitoring ......................................................................................... 12-5

12.9 Monitoring and Evaluation .................................................................................. 12-5

12.10 Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) .............................................. 12-5

13. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM .......................................................... 13-1

14. ROAD CORRIDOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ................................................................................ 14-1

14.1 Road side Slips Stabilizations ............................................................................ 14-1

14.1.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................. 14-1 14.1.2 Strategy for Successful Bio-engineering Works ................................................... 14-1 14.1.3 Selection Criteria of Plant Species ....................................................................... 14-1 14.1.4 Site Observations and Proposed Bio-engineering Measures ............................... 14-2 14.1.5 Quantity and Cost Estimate for Bio-engineering Works ..................................... 14-13

15. ITEMS TO PROVISION IN BID DOCUMENT .................................................. 15-1


Road Sector Development Project (IDA Grant No. : H339-NEP) New Project Preparation & Supervision Page iii

FIGURES Figure 1.4: Location Map of Gokulaswor To Darchula Road ............................................................... 1-4 TABLES Table 1: Management Approach as a Tool of Environmental Safeguards Prior to and During

Upgrading Works ................................................................................................................ 10-1 Table 2: Prospective Laborforce Campsite Establishment, Management & Decommisioning .......... 11-1 Table 3: Prospective Contractors' Campsite Establishment, Management & Decommisioning ........ 11-4 Table 4: Prospective Sites for Excess Materials Disposal ................................................................. 11-9 Table 5: Reinstatement of Existing Public Utilities / Services .......................................................... 11-10 Table 6: Environment Management Action Plan: Respect to Environment by Practicing it in Proposed

Road Upgrading – Gokuleswor - Darchula Road ............................................................... 12-6 Table 7: Prospective Bio-engineering Measures in Gokuleswor– Darchula Road ............................ 14-2 Table 8: Quantity Estimate for Bio-engineering Works of Proposed Gokuleswor Darchula Road .. 14-14 Table 9: Cost Estimate for Bio-engineering Works of Proposed Gokulerswor Dachula Road Upgrading

.......................................................................................................................................... 14-17 Table 10: BoQ Related to Environmental Safeguards Managements ............................................... 15-1 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Photograph of Sites Appendix 2: Environmental Management Formats Appendix 3: Environmental Agreement Formats Appendix 4: Public consultations Appendix 5: Strip Map Appendix 6: DoR GESU Monitoring Format Appendix 7: DoR/WB comments on draft report with replies


Road Sector Development Project (IDA Grant No. : H339-NEP) New Project Preparation & Supervision Page iv

ACRONYMS

CBOs Community Based Organizations

DDC District Development Committee

DDP District Development Profile

DoR Department of Road

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMAP Environmental Management Action Plan

EMP Environmental Monitoring Plan

EPA Environmental Protection Act

EPR Environmental Protection Rules

GESU Geo Environment and Social Unit

GoN Government of Nepal

IEE Initial Environmental Examination

MOE Ministry of Environment

MoPPW Ministry of Physical Planning and Works

NGO Non Government Organization

PAPs Project Affected Peoples

PWD Public Works Directives

RMP Road Master Plan

SPAPs

Severely Project Affected Peoples

SRN Strategic Road Network

ToR Terms of Reference

VDC Village Development Committee

amsl Above mean sea level

km Kilometre

m Meter

Site-Specific EMAP Report Gokulaswor – Darchula Road September 2010

Road Sector Development Project (IDA Grant No. : H339-NEP) New Project Preparation & Supervision Page 1-1

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

This Site specific Environmental Management Action Plan (SS-EMAP) is an action plan aimed to averting or reducing potential environmental impacts associated with the upgrading works of proposed Gokuleswor Darchula Road from fair weather to a surface of sealed bituminous standards. This road, located in the Far - western Development Region of Nepal, is proposed for taking up to sealed surface of bituminous standards under RSDP (New Project Preparation) as a continuation of remaining stretch of Satbanjh – Gokuleswor – Darchula Road, which was executed under RSDP funded by the World Bank. End stretch of Satbanjh – Gokuleswor Road is scheduled to complete its sealing works by November 2010. Given that proposed upgrading achieved to sealed bituminous surface standards, Gokuleswor - Darchula Road will provide easier, faster and reliable road services mainly to local stakeholders of Darchula distirct. This road section will have a length of km 74+450 long.

1.2 Salient Feature of the Project

Project Upgrading of Gokuleswor – Darchula Road

Development Region Far-Western Development Region

District Darchula

VDCs Gokuleswor, Gwani, Malikarjun, Hunainnath, Shankarpur, Bhagwati, Dattu, Dhap and Khalanga.

Total Length 74+450 km

Road Standard National Highway (Mahakali Highway) (H14)

Road Formation Width 4.5 m excluding drainage

Surface Type Bituminous

Type of Work Upgrading from fair weather to a surface of sealed bituminous standards

1.3 Description of the Proposed Road Upgrading Area

Gokuleswor – Darchula Road starts at Gokuleswor bazaar (km 54+000) where the settlement has become remarkably dense and rapidly developed into a bazaar since the end of conflict in 2005. This road bifurcates – valley side leading to airport and hillside continuing towards Darchula. After crossing Satbhagia khola (km 54+400), which is trained with 'chute' on hillside while passing through maize crop and crossing the road, it out falls into natural course. Further up at chainages km 55+000, it again bifurcates – valleyside road to Chameliya Hydel Project (another 28 km travel needs) and hillside continuing towards Darchula. A series of switch back (SB) commences with 1st SB at a little further up, and hill sal forest commencing at km 55+800 on strip along road on the valleyside, and crosses Satbhagia khola (with culvert) towards south on 3rd SB (km 56+700) with debris seems moving down, posing risk of gradual littering of airport eventually. Switch back continues to its 4th – flat land originally planned to set up Police post. SBs of road alignment continues further up with maize crop grown on the land until it traverses to Naktad SETTLEMENT – a relatively larger flat land with maize crop on its both side, and continues again (June 2010).



Road alignment passes through pine forest commencing at km 60+800, and continues until it crosses the Pan khola (dry) (with cause way in existence) at km 61+100. Slides exist on the valley side 200m before crossing the khola and just after it by the road SADDLE, which is the 'CRITICAL SECTION' in view of its serviceability. Road alignment traverses and crosses another CRITICAL SADDLE but of 'relatively highest significance' at km 64+300 just before negotiating a series of switch back with slides on the both sides some covered with pine forests, and extending it further up to gabion box on 4th SB. At km 66+900, it reaches the peak point of SB at Thulosaini. As the alignment continues further up (km 67+200), it passes through a strip of rock cliff of pit type. After crossing the Bagora SETTLEMENT at km 69+500, it passes through the pine forests commencing at km 70+200, and crosses the Salladhar khola at km 70+400 and Bajhani HEALTH POST The alignment traverses and arrives at Ulaini SETTLEMENT (km 76+300), and near by it occurs Ulaini khola. Road alignment traverses crosses yet another CRITICAL SADDLE at Pannebanjh (km. 81+250) but of 'lesser significance' as compare to one at chainage km 64+300, where road alignment run north of hill, with slide on the valleyside – part in stabilizing conditions. Road alignment traverses further up by the strip of rock cliffs at km 83+800 (100m long) and at km 85+200 in Urchaina SETTLEMENT in Shankarpur VDC.

A rock extraction in massive scale and stacking across the slope was in progress at km 85+800. This is understood to be the result of access opening to link up Sharmrati under DDC program. This access road run through highly unstable slope, posing risk to reliable serviceability of GD road in the event of its debris pushed down in wet season. Road alignment, beyond Thakthali (km 92+411), descends steeply at an average gradient of 8.0% on the 20 – 300 north facing slope of Bhartola Gad. During the next four (4) kilometers until it meets the Bhartola Gad, the alignment continues to descend at an average of 5.6%. During this traverse, it negotiates five hairpins bends before reaching the bridge, currently under construction. The road section then runs north-west parallel to the Bhartola Gad for a distance of five (5) kilometers until it meets the confluence of the Bhartola Gad and the Mahakali River at kilometer 106+200. In this road section, the alignment partly passes by the side of cultivated terrace lands of Maelkhet and Bhartola village and partly through the hill sal forests. From kilometer 106+200, the road section continues in north – easterly direction along the eastern bank of the Mahakali River until it reaches the village of Dhap at kilometer 117+200. Other villages passed before reaching Dhap include Bet, Chuchai, Uday, Dattu, Sakar, Kakade and Asikada. In this road section, the alignment mainly passes by the side of cultivated terrace lands and hill slopes covered by the colluvial deposits. The average gradient of this section is 2.6% with a maximum gradient of 11.8%. The alignment of this road section continues to follow the left bank of the Mahakali River, crossing the Khanue Gad at kilmetre 118+000 and finally reaches Darchula at kilometer 126+700 after passing the villages of Khanue Gauda, Kimtari and Galphain.



The proposed road traverses 9 VDCs namely: Gokuleswor, Gwani, Malikarjun, Hunainath, Shankarpur, Bhawati, Dattu, Dhap and Khalanga

1.4 Proposed Road Upgrading Major Works

Proposed road upgrading works is described as outlined below: Installation of structures e.g. retaining walls, to yield road formation width

Installation of breast walls to support hill side slopes

Embankment fill to achieve road gradient

Sub-base and base over laying prior to bituminous wearing course

Rehabilitation, extension and construction of road side drains, cross-drainages (pipe & slab culverts) etc.

Reinstatement and relocation of existing services i.e. electricity, telecommunication and water supply pipelines.

The location and the alignment of the road are shown in Figure 1.4. A strip map is also annexed separately for SS-EMAP of Gokuleswor – Darchula (GD) Road. This map had fully covered key environmental issues that incurs while undertaking road upgrading in proposed RSDP additional financing and or incurred due to past road works.



Figure 1.4: Location Map of Gokulaswor To Darchula Road



2. AIMS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (SS-EMAP)

This EMAP has four aims, namely to:

1. Define the environmental management principles and guidelines for the pre-upgrading and upgrading phases

2. Describe practical mitigation measures that shall be implemented on road up grading to prevent or mitigate environmental impacts

3. Establish resource needs for environmental management and

4. Establish supervision, monitoring and reporting framework



3. RATIONALE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP)

An assessment of Initial Environmental Examination level study was undertaken for the Gokuleswor – Thakthali section of Gokuleswor – Darchula (GD) Road (km 38+400 long) in 2007 as a requirement of its Feasibility Study under SWRP and PIP Program. This meets the mandatory requirements of GoN’s Environment Protection Act (EPA) 1996 and Environment Protection Regulations (EPR) 1997 (latest amendments). Similar but fresh study for the remaining section of this road (km 44+825 long) is also undertaken in August 2010 within ToR's scope of work of RSDP (New Project Preparation and Supervision) (IDA Grant No: H339 – NEP). In order to avert, reduce and or mitigate foreseen adverse environmental impacts, it requires a simple, practical, pragmatic and comprehensive management plan – generally referred to as Site specific Environmental Management Action Plan (SS-EMAP). This SS-EMAP projects and suggests appropriate environmental safeguards against foreseeable adverse environmental impacts likely to cause by the proposed project’s road works, with a well defined road builders’ implementation responsibility and schedules including monitor indicator of road activities undertaken. Accordingly a single SS-EMAP is hereby prepared to complement these IEEs as a management tool and safe guard the environment of this road upon its upgrading commences.



4. REVIEW OF INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXMINATION (IEE):

Review of existing IEE for the Gokuleswor – Thakthali section of Gokuleswor – Darchula (GD) Road was done within scope of works under ToR of RSDP (New Project Preparation and Supervision) and updated to 4.5m formation width option.



5. FORSEABLE PRESSUSRE ON THE FORESTS OF ROAD STRETCH:

Gokulewsore – Darchula Road passes by and or through community managed forests (CF). These includes Mahila CF, Salleghar CF, Sinnebagar CF, Satupatali CF, and Dudhilagad CF. This SS-EMAP speculates that some environmental impact might exert pressure on these forests while meeting fire wood needs of the labor force as well as of contractor camp site for their meal cooking during road upgrading. As most of local forests managed under the local management systems as well as some privately owned, these supplies are worked out and to meet within the harvesting limits of formally approved 'Operational Plan'. Obviously supplies are within the biological growth. put on by these forests. As labor force campsite are generally established according to place availability on the road work site in combination with proximity of proposed civil works, fire wood need is speculated to meet locally – community / private, in a standard agreement format developed specifically for 'purchase and sale of fire wood' in a transparent and legally way so that local stakeholders are fully benefited of their resources. These fire wood needs and supplies are camp site establishment specific nature, and limit to construction period only.



6. PUBLIC CONSUTATIONS

Interim Constitution of Nepal (latest amendments) reserves its citizen of their right to information (RTI) of any development undertaking that has foreseeable environmental implications prior to its implementation. These undertaking includes road works – new construction, upgrading etc

As a procedural respect requirements for IEE study, 'public notice' was issued in national daily newspaper, its 'deeds of public inquiry' along with concerned VDCs recommendation as to appropriateness of the proposed road upgrading was also collected. As compliance to this RTI needs during the EMAP updating exercise, meeting with the local stakeholders were organized primarily to making them fully aware of incoming project on their front yards, benefits they could reap from it, their obligation to making it a sustainable etc. As documentation of this meeting, minutes were established by making note of decisions made with regard to project implementation as enlisted below:

Proposed road works will cause no disruption to exiting services during constructions but will correct it or relocate / reinstate as appropriate if any of services is disrupted.

Project road works will cause no disruption to course of natural drainage with appropriate consideration in design works

Can operate ‘crusher plant’ for producing crushed aggregates – base – and sub –course, chips, fines etc – essential for road sealing

Can stockpile any essential materials of road construction nature

Proposed road project will adequately taken into account of safety safeguards in design exercise especially keeping in view of accident prone spot, and established it accordingly during constructions

Need to clean up and or controlled any conditions of environmental damaging nature sourced out of camp sites in use by contractor and or labor force during constructions

Better if road sealing is extended beyond design formation width but up to existing services e.g. drains, vehicle parking zone etc, in built up areas of settlement market by the road side

Need to ensure that not any of environmentally adverse nature works of burrow pits by the road side, fire wood usage (without formal deal) etc., is practiced by the contractor during constructions

Willing to extend their hands as and when any problem is cropped up and or disruption in road works due to unforeseen reasons

Should not adversely affect existing structures of any significances – religious, archaeological etc - during constructions of proposed road project

Willing to extend their full hand to establishing and operating ‘diversion’ in order to ensuring smooth vehicle movements as well as works progress in line with its schedule

Adequate attention is given to these minutes in design works.



7. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS

Where feasible and practical, adequate spaces are given in design works to accommodate the environmental safeguards so that the proposed road upgrading causes minimal damages.

7.1 Extra Cuttings

Mass balancing (cut/fill equilization) of cut materials generated in road widening or structure installation is desired although, it is practically a challenge to achieve without additoinal structure being provisioned according to a site specific needs. This in iteslf is an additional cost implicative issue. However, every possible measures will be in place to content any extra cut / fill materials at proper locations.

7.2 Retaining Walls

Where site specific conditions demand absolute need for retaining structure, it has been provisioned in the design exercise unless it is highly cost burdened ones. However, to contain environmental damage associated with its constructions, foundation excavations needs to be limited to its bottom most size only so that peripheral void fills is small enough and can it be adequately compacted. Care also needs to be in place to ensure that these walls are keyed with dry rocks on both ends, discouraging road surface runoff flow concentrated at these ends and prompting side scours. Valleside materials also needs to be smoothly trimmed so that runoff is evenly distributed with a minimal sheet erosion until the site is gradually restored to its stable conditions.

7.3 Drains

Side drains Side drains generally provisioned by designs to minimize road surface run off although, its compatibility to site conditions (discharge) may not be matching, prompting its failure. Any imcompatibility can only be corrected with its verification on the ground.

Cross drains Valleyside settlements / lands are often prone to damaging effect of cross drains, especially in cases where design execises do provision its outfalls needs according to their desk based discharge calculations and standard design specifications only rather than in terms of ground reality or its limitations. Design exercises without ground verifications with regard to its compatibility with installation locations, including correction measure not in place for mismatching outfall location with ground can lead to a serious conflict with the local stakeholders. This will particularly be more complications if and where outfall of the cross drainage by design is located just above the arable land, risking arable lands converted into barren type.

Causeways Cause ways provisioned by designs in road constructions also at times misses to consider gushing effect of accumulated discharge of side drains at one outfall only rather than in several outfalls without considering valleyside's ability to withstand it. In cases where it can not be avoided or in avoidable ones, gushing discharge needs to be nullified either with a provision of cascading or mattress on the valleyside.



Floodways Floodways without sufficient cutoff wall height can have its life shortened at places where downstream construction materials is ruthlessly collected and not discouraged.



8. CAPACITY BUIDLING

8.1 Why Need It

Road building parties, inclusively the Supervising Consultant, its staff on site and Contractors, responsible for environmental management in proposed road upgrading works have a little or inadequate knowledge about the environmental respect needs. They basically lack understanding of implications of key environmental issues associated with construction activities, causing adverse impact significantly on sites and its peripheral locations. Management measures, which aimed to overcoming these impacts during detail design works, incorporated in bid document needs to be fully understood and implemented accordingly to ensure its full compliance. Exposures to Supervising Consultants' – Resident Engineers/Field Inspectors (AREs) / IOWs, Contractor, his professional staff and his Field Supervisors etc - in general are either limitedly exposed to environmental knowledge and or are not given especially on the environmental implications associated with construction activities and its management. Construction laborforce, who opt for maximum work progress for the pay s/he gets, are fully unaware of consequence of works on the environment and yet they get their work done at his discretion no matter ruthless it is. This unawareness is often reflected by the use of poor construction practices, inflicting severe damage on the environment. Most construction skills, however, can be gained in the field. Capacity building measures including pre- construction orientation, refreshing workshop, training etc, suitable for catering the needs of the road parties – supervising consultants and contractors - involved in construction activities to realize minimal adverse impact are often felt as a need. Accordingly appropriate capacity building measures, which caters the need level of road builders, is required to identify, develop and execute in a realistic way matching contractor’s work schedule and with full participation of all road builders.

8.2 Who, When and What Need in It

Pre-construction orientation to road builders – Supervising Consultants and concerned contractors – will have to be organized with their respect needs on environmental management associated with upgrading works with a focus on key issues of construction activities. This has to be organized on mandatory participation need by the road builders prior to commencing road construction activities in their contracts. In order to help upgrading works achieve its quality and to a required standard, environmental management orientation leading to its accreditation needs to be organized to Supervising Consultants' Field Inspectors (AREs) / IOWs, Contractor and his professional staff. Such orientation however needs to have focused on the key construction issues that have profound implications on environment within its broad spectrum – not just to the right of way of proposed road upgrading but also to region of its influence. Skill enhancing trainings also needs to be imparted to laborforce gang leader prior to his activation of road construction works so that they could effectively pass on their skills, knowledge etc to their fellow workers, who otherwise inflict most adverse impact of their works on the environment.



Clear focus on environmental implications of his works with its cause to understand as a need for improvement in his working style, cause him able to understand and appreciate it and pass its knowledge to his fellow workers. Skill enhancing trainings also needs to be imparted to laborforce gang leader to be deployed for bio-engineering works so that its quality works is achieved. Refreshning work shop based on lesson and feedback following practicing of pre-orientation as and if organized towards the mid period of each year's construction season can yield better environmental respects.



9. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS:

Environmental impacts caused by proposed road upgrading begin to surface up and are observed when Contractor's construction activities commences and are continuing it with its severity, limits and extent depending on how seriously environmental implications are understood and respected. Environmental concerns along with its management need on the site during implementation are well recognized, organized and respected at the donor and DoR level. However, this still has to surface up with the Contractor who undertakes construction activities with a little or no respect to the environment, inflicting tremendous damage on the environment. This damage is due to absence of technical skill, know how, control etc, more specifically of an environmental expert, which needs to be in place with the Contractor as do for other disciplines. Responsibility for environmental management associated with Gokuleswor – Darchula Road upgrading leading to a surface of bituminous sealed standards involves a number of parties inclusively:

Foreign Cooperation Division DoR

Project In Charge DoR

World Bank

Supervising Consultant

Contractor (road upgrading and bio-engineering) These parties have their own specific responsibilities for particular activities associated with the design and implementation of mitigation measures prior to, during and post upgrading works. DoR – project proponents – being the ultimate responsible party for ensuring the design works and supervision of all upgrading and environmental works undertaken by assigned consultants in line with ToR, its implementation will be the responsibility of the Project Project In Charge DoR. World Bank will undertake overseeing of DoR's project management in accordance with their conditions, detailed designs and the EMAP, including the conduct of periodic site visits of constructions to ensure its compliance. Given Supervising Consultant undertake complete final detailed designs and EMAP design recommendations, consultant will supervise day-to-day activities of the Contractor on behalf of DoR. Supervising Consultant will be responsible for all technical supervision of upgrading works, overseeing contract implementation and certifying contract complied works for payment. Accordingly Supervising Consultant will undertake regular inspections and monitoring with regard to compliance status of all aspects of works as specified in EMAP. Construction Contractor shall be responsible for executing all of his duties and works assigned under road-upgrading contract, inclusively all specified conditions in this EMAP. Contractor will, accordingly, work closely with the Supervising Contractor to ensure that upgrading works are constructed and complied with design and its standard of specifications. Implementation arrangements with respective responsibility and accountability for all parties associated with proposed upgrading works is presented as below:

RSD Project Implementation Arrangements



World Bank DoR Foreign Cooperation

Division

Supervising Consultants

Civil Works / Bio-engineering Contractor

Project In Charge



10. KEY ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES RELATED TO ROAD UPGRADING AND ITS MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS

Environmental assessment in proposed upgrading works need to focus on issues associated with design specifications and its achievement later during constructions as well as with impacts associated on local resources – land, forests etc - within road width formation along alignment. Equally important are the key issues associated with construction activities as outlined in Table 1. Impact in true sense is beyond this corridor as it is more intricately linked with other issues, which are keys to the road's serviceability. These issues need to be carefully focused and addressed towards environmental safeguards management in road upgrading. Environment assessment also need to focus on scope of works of proposed road upgrading, which has environmental implications by its level of work standards, inclusively road reformation and gradient, side drains construction, road surfacing to DBST standards. Management approach as a facilitating tool of environmental safeguards to all concerned in road upgrading works – construction supervisors, contractors, labor forces etc – has been framed up, and need it to be adopted by the practitioners on sites (Table 1). Table 1 cites key environmental issues related to road upgrading and its management requirements by the road builders prior to and in the event of road construction commencement, and is no way its exclusive in road upgrading. These key issues, which though seems generic at a glance but are the key and common environmental issues in real sense if not site-specific ones, and thus have it been presented in a matrix format table in order that it sends message to road builders of their management approach as a 'Tool of Environmental Safeguards prior to and during Road Upgrading Works.

Table 1: Management Approach as a Tool of Environmental Safeguards Prior to and During Upgrading Works

Key Issue Management Actions Implementing

Body Remarks

Labor Force Campsite Establishment, Management and De-commissioning

Identify / locate appropriate campsite

Contractor / Laborgang Leader

Initiate and ensure practicing standard plan format for Labor Force Campsite Establishment, Management and De-commissioning

Ensure campsite at designated location only

RE / Contractor

Ensure campsite well run and tidy

Contractor / Laborgang Leader

Ensure campsite de-commissioned to environmentally safe conditions

RE / Contractor

Contractor's Office cum Workshop Establishment, Management and Decommissioning

Identify / Locate Appropriate Office cum Workshop

Contractor Initiate and ensure practicing standard plan format for Contractor's Office cum Workshop Establishment, Management and

Ensure Office cum Workshop Established at Designated Location only

RE / Contractor

Ensure Office cum Workshop Well Run and Tidy

Contractor




Body Remarks

Ensure Office cum Workshop Decommissioned to Environmentally Safe

RE / Contractor Decommissioning

Excess Cut / Fill Materials Disposal

Identify / locate excess cut / fill materials producing locations

RE / Contractor

Initiate and ensure practicing standard plan format for Safe Excess Cut / Fill Materials Disposal

Identify / locate appropriate disposal sites for excess cut / fill materials

RE / Contractor

Ensure surplus cut / fill materials disposed at designated locations only

RE / Contractor

Ensure surplus cut / fill materials disposed sites treated with appropriate technique - free of environmental hazards

RE / Contractor

Quarry / Rock Extractions

Identify / locate safe quarry / rock extraction sites

Contractor

Initiate and ensure practicing standard plan format for Quarry / Rock Extractions and Safe Closing

Approve / Ensure rock extractions at safe locations only

RE

Close rock extractions safely upon completion of its usage

Contractor

Certify / de-certify closure of quarry sites based on its conditions

RE

Borrow pit Extractions

Identify / locate prospective borrow pit extraction sites

Contractor

Initiate and ensure practicing standard plan format for Borrow pit Extractions and Safe Closing

Approve / ensure borrow pit extractions in safe locations only

RE

Close borrow pit extractions safely upon completion of its usage

Contractor

Certify / de-certify closure of borrow pits based on its conditions

RE

Crusher Plant Installation, Operation and Decommission

Identify / locate prospective Crusher Plant Installation and Operation

Contractor

Initiate and ensure practicing standard plan format for Crusher Plant Installation, Operation and Decommission

Approve / ensure Crusher Plant Installation and Operation in safe locations only

RE

Close Crusher Plant safely upon completion of its usage

Contractor

Certify / de-certify closure of Crusher Plant

RE




Body Remarks

Bitumen Storage

Identify / locate prospective Bitumen Storage sites

Contractor Initiate and ensure practicing standard plan format Bitumen Storage, Blending and Decommission

Approve / ensure Bitumen Storage in safe locations only

RE

Bitumen Blending

Submit / seek approval of proposal for Bitumen Blending

Contractor Initiate and ensure practicing standard plan format Bitumen Storage, Blending and Decommission

Approve proposal for Bitumen Blending and ensure works undertaken according to it

RE

Decommission Bitumen Storage

Close Decommission Bitumen Storage safely upon completion of its usage

Contractor Initiate and ensure practicing standard plan format for Storage Bitumen Blending Decommission

Certify / de-certify closure of Decommission Bitumen Storage based on its conditions

RE

Public Utilities / Existing Services

Inventory public utilities / existing services

Contractor Initiate and ensure practicing standard plan format for identifying suitable reinstatement measure, in place suggested measure - provisional and permanent prior to earth cuttings

Suggest time bound appropriate reinstatement measures - provisional and permanent

RE / Contractor

Ensure reinstatement measure in place as by agreed type and scheduled

RE / Contractor

Drainage

Identify / locate critical drainage system along upgrading stretch

RE / Contractor

Specifically by chainage of its natural and safe course

Suggest time bound suitable measure for entertaining natural course

RE / Contractor

Ensure suggested measure in place as agreed and scheduled

RE / Contractor



11. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN ROAD UPGRADING DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

This SS-EMAP for Gokuleswor - Darchula Road has been intended to come up into a comprehensive output of road site visit/exercise including rigorous public consultations with the locals whose livelihoods has at times been in severe hardships by the disruption and threat of continued road serviceability. Issue, which cropped up as a lesson during RSDP1 implementation is the illegal and unauthorized trade of crusher run materials by a contractor other than to using to his contract length only and or to other contract within RSDP1, and as a result it turned later into a legal case. Locals along the road in some contract have also been victim of cheating by the road contractor over their natural resources e.g. rocks etc by its extractions, use it in structural works bin his contract length for a meager payment in comparison to handsome payment he received. This had resulted into complicated legal case, which by no means need to surface up but needs to be averted in future once and for all. Accordingly, preventive safeguards – appropriate formats of' 'checks and balance as well as of transparent nature' have been developed to avert to such cases effectively, and proposed in this SS-EMAP for practicing during construction implementation.

11.1 Laborforce Campsite Establishment/Management/De-commissioning

11.1.1 Campsite Establishment

Labor forces are required in road upgrading, especially for its civil works - drains, structural works (gabion filling in retaining walls, breast wall, toe wall etc) etc. Day time break for meals, rest etc, and retiring at night needs campsite establishment within proximity of their work sites. Criteria: Environmental management sets out specific criteria for its safeguard enforcements in regard to campsite establishment for labor forces' day break and retiring overnight. Accordingly, such campsite shall be: Campsite as per road works need and as available Not located at water hole of down stream consumers Away from potential unstable areas Away from flash flood level Away from any drainage lines (at least 10m) In low impact areas where road works induced damage is minimal With kitchen refuse disposed of to designated locations With washing up – dishes, clothes – done at locations well away from the water hole

Whilst it is desired that campsite to the possible extent are located on the low impact sites meeting above criteria, local water availability for the labor force as well as minimal lead to work site is the key to designating and establishment campsites.

11.1.2 Prospective Laborforce Campsite

Prospective sites that are observed as suitable for laborforce campsites are presented

indicating its changes (Table 2).

Table 2: Prospective Laborforce Campsite Establishment, Management & Decommisioning

Chainages Prospective Type Remark

Km 95+500 Laborforce Use as contractors' camp site as it needs









11.1.3 Campsite Management

Labor force at campsites generates during its usage a substantial quantity of human and other wastes – bio degradable and non-degradable – of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic ones. These wastes pose a potential source of sanitation conditions as well as environmental hazards to its locality and to downstream settlement. Contaminating water hole, which traditionally has been used by the down stream consumers, by the labor force through their campsite activities may pose a threat of water borne diseases, especially viral infections – Hepatitis.

Facilities for Labor Force: Toilet Toilets for labor force campsite as per its strength requirements Installation of removable pan system in each toilet Ventilated Improved Pit Latrines (VIPL) VIPL type has distinct advantage over conventional soak pit one as being a dry system of latrine, requiring no flushing plus can be removed when no longer it need and installed at its need over and again.

Safety Measures to Laborfoce Involved in Risk Prone Works – Bitumen, Rocks Extractions: Laborforce deployed to construction works along fractured rock site or quarry extractions are prone to rock fall injury especially of head. They are also prone to serious hand and eye injure during bituminous works undertaken on road stretch. They need to put on safety gadgets – goggles, glove, boots etc. during road surface sealing works especially bitumen handling as well as boots, helmets, gloves etc during works on rock site.

Energy for the Cooking of the Labor Force: Kerosene – although desirable, it possibly can not be met in sustained supply in view of supply uncertainties, market shortages, price escalations etc Firewood – best and possible option at localities where community forest management system exists; may need to negotiate with the local managing groups for their willingness to its supply upon set out term and conditions, and reach out to an agreement accordingly. Private forest – another source for firewood supplies under similar agreement reached with the owners. Supplies from other sources without a standard agreement should not be entertained, primarily to discourage illicit trade within road stretch of works in progress.

Medical Facilities for the Labor Force: Mandatory availability of first aid kit (bandage, medicated tapes, antiseptic solutions, antiseptic cream, cotton wool, paracetamol, benzene, analgesics etc) at each campsite Mandatory availability of basic medicines for diseases – diarrhea, amoeba dysentery, pain relief etc



Safe Disposal of Solid Wastes: Improper handlings and disposal of solid wastes generated by labor force at their campsite would results in environmental degradation as well as prompts sanitation degradations – distractive campsite, polluted water supply, persistent odors, incidences of viral diseases etc.

Remedial Measures: Designate separate areas for solid waste disposal - bio degradable and non degradable

one

Facilitate recycling of non biodegradable or else its safe disposal

Upon establishment of camps for laborforce, suitable sites for solid wastes – biodegradable and non-degradable one - can be identified, designate for its use. As and where, facility for recycling of non-biodegradble does not exist and cannot be arranged, it can be safely disposed on to deep pits of low valued land.

Contractor's Obligations: Sustained supply of safe drinking water to labor force at their campsites

Given river / stream – supply source, it should be safely chlorinated prior to its distribution to the laborforce.

Supply and mandatory use of safety gadgets – gloves, goggles, boots, hats etc – during injury prone works

11.1.4 Campsite Decommissioning

All camp sites used by labor force need to be de-commissioned and safely closed to free of environmental hazards to its locality as well as downstream settlements. Contractor cannot simply de-commission and abandoned these sites at his discretion but should obtain a 'letter of satisfaction' from supervising consultant.

11.1.5 Labor Campsite Establishment, Management and Decommission Verification

Concerned contractor is required to respect the environment while establishing campsite for his labor force as well as during its management and decommission. To address it and also to reflect his respect need during his road works, a plan format, as attached in Annex Plan Format (Env Plan Format 1), which concerned contractor need to fill in prior to affecting it, seek and secure approval from his RE. contractor also need to secure associated agreements with local stakeholders – campsite land with its owner, fuel wood supply with private or local FUGs etc. Whether or not contractual compliance of road works undertaken by the contractor upon its completion shall be verified as against the agreed mitigation measures stated in the plan format, and his state/level of compliance shall also be gauged accordingly, which shall become a standard yardstick of his respect to contractual obligations.

11.2 Contractor's Office and Campsite Establishment, Management and Decommissioning

11.2.1 Campsite Establishment

Road upgrading needs a variety of mechanical equipments (dozer, excavator, grader, loader, pneumatic roller, aggregate spreader, bitumen spreader, vacuum sucker etc), vehicles (both heavy and light ones) etc for its construction works according to the work schedule. These equipments, vehicles often need repairs, maintenance etc, which uses a substantial quantity of lubricants.



Areas, large enough for accommodating heavy equipments and for its maintenance workshop, ancillary gas station, contractor’s office and campsite etc is required in road upgrading. Areas suitable for Contractor's camps can either be hired with the local people upon negotiation and two party agreements or be located on public open land.

Criteria: Environmental management sets out specific criteria for its safeguards enforments in regard to contractor's campsite establishment. Accordingly, such campsite shall be:

Flat and large enough to accommodate all the units – office complex, maintenance unit, ancillary gas station etc

Not located at water hole of down stream consumers

Away from potential unstable areas

Away from flash flood level

Away from any drainage lines (at least 10m)

In low impact areas where road works induce damage is minimal

11.2.2 Prospective Contractors' Campsite

Prospective sites that are observed as suitable for contractor's campsites are presented

indicating its changes (Table 3).

Table 3: Prospective Contractors' Campsite Establishment, Management & Decommisioning


Km 95+500 Contractor Use as laborforce camp site as it needs






11.2.3 Campsite Management

Contractor's campsites also generates during its usage, along with other type of wastes, a substantial quantity of mechanical workshop induced wastes – gasoline spills, lubricants etc. These wastes pose a potential source of sanitation impairment as well as environmental hazards to its locality and to downstream settlement, if any in existence. Contaminating water hole, which traditionally has been used by the down stream consumers, by the contractor campsite users may pose a threat of water borne diseases, especially viral infections – Hepatitis.

Fire Safety Measure: Contractor's campsite, especially mechanical workshop, is a potential source of fire incidence. At least basic fire safety measure needs to be in place at each campsite. The fire safety measures include fire extinguisher, shovel, crow bar, hammer, buckets, ropes etc.

Disposal of Camp Wastes – Gabion wire off cuts, Lubricants etc: Improver handlings and disposal of wastes – gabion wire off cuts, lubricants - generated at contractor's campsite would results in environmental degradation as well as prompts



sanitation erosions – distractive campsite, polluted water supply, persistent odors, incidences of viral diseases etc.

Remedial Measures: Designated separate landfill areas for solid waste disposal - bio degradable and non

degradable one

Facilitate recycling of non biodegradable or its safe disposal

11.2.4 Campsite De-commissioning

Camp sites used by contractor need to be de-commissioned and safely closed to free of environmental hazards to its locality as well as downstream settlements. Contractor can not simply de-commission and abandoned these sites at his discretion.

11.2.5 Contractor’s Office and Campsite Establishment, Management & Decommission Verification:

Concerned contractor is required to respect the environment while establishing campsite for his office, mechanical workshop, ancillary gas station as well as during its management and decommission. To address it and also to reflect his respect need during his road works, a plan format, as attached in Annex Plan Format (Env Plan Format 2), which concerned contractor need to fill in prior to affecting it, seek and secure approval from his RE. contractor also need to secure associated agreements with local stakeholders – campsite land with its owner, fuel wood supply with private or local FUGs etc. Whether or not contractual compliance of road works undertaken by the contractor upon its completion shall be verified as against the agreed mitigation measures stated in the plan format, and his state/level of compliance shall also be gauged accordingly, which shall become a standard yardstick of his respect to contractual obligations.

11.3 Quarry

11.3.1 Source and its Extractions Guidelines

Environmental management sets out specific criteria for its safeguards enforcements in regard to rock extractions for structural works of this road upgrading. Accordingly, such extractions shall be:

Restricted to small areas

No piece meal extractions site

Restricted fully to owners knowledge prior to its extractions, with NO CHEATINGS WHATSOEVER

Restricted to private quarry site upon AGREEEMENT with owners

Preferably located at existing or previously extracted site

Preferably located on sites without trees cover (extremely sparse distributions)

Located at least 60 m away from settlements

Located at least 200 m from archeological, religious and cultural sites

11.3.2 Potential Rock Sources

Civil works – dry / gabion walls, side drains, cross drains etc - of this road upgrading may require a substantial quantity of hard rocks. Hard rock source can be a supply source of rock needs, especially for the civil works where available. Protruding as well as single out rocks within road stretch can also used as a rock supply source, especially for gabion, drain works etc.



Apart from being it used as hard rock supply source, it can also be potential source for the pavement materials needs given adequate study undertaken. Sub base gravel, aggregates, boulders, and sand required for the bituminous surface seal upgrading works will be mainly sourced from streams, kholas close to the road works. These include: Chameliya River, Bhartola gad (towards the Mahakali), Mahakali River.

11.3.3 Vigilance on the Conditions of Extractions

Strict vigilance needs to be in place during rock extractions at the quarry source. It also needs to ensure that

No rock materials littered on the valley side arable land

No condition is created inducing spill over of impoverished materials by the discharge during wet season over the arable land on the valley side

No rock materials causing disturbance to public services, utilities etc

11.3.4 Decommission upon its Non-extractions

All quarry source-supplying rocks for the civil works of this road upgrading need to be safely closed to agreed conditions upon its extractions no longer required. No quarry source shall be abandoned at contractor's discretion but has to receive Resident Engineer's a 'letter of satisfactory closure'.

11.3.5 Quarry Operation and Decommission Verification:

Concerned contractor is required to respect the environment while establishing quarry site as well as during its operation, management and decommission. To address it and also to reflect his respect need during his road works, a plan format, as attached in Annex Plan Format (Env Plan Format 04), which concerned contractor need to fill in prior to affecting it, seek and secure approval from his RE. Contractor also needs to secure associated agreements with local stakeholders – private quarry site land with its owner, local FUGs etc. Whether or not contractual compliance of road works undertaken by the contractor upon its completion shall be verified as against the agreed mitigation measures stated in the plan format, and his state/level of compliance shall also be gauged accordingly, which shall become a standard yardstick of his respect to contractual obligations.

11.4 Burrow Pits

In order to achieve road formation according to design through embankment fillings, suitable burrow pit materials of pits – not specifically requiring meeting criteria - needs to be laid and spread over at varying depth of particular specifications with specified height.

11.4.1 Source and its Extractions

Environmental management sets out specific criteria for its safeguards enforcements in regard to borrow pits extractions and for its laying over. Accordingly, such extractions shall be:

Restricted to small areas with low depth

Preferably located at existing or previously extracted site

Preferably located on sites without trees cover (extremely sparse distributions)

Located at least 60 m away from settlements

Located at least 200 m from archeological, religious and cultural sites

11.4.2 Vigilance on the Conditions of Extractions

Strict vigilance needs to be in place during burrow pits extractions at its quarry source. It also needs to ensure that:



No pit materials littered on the valley side arable land

No pits allowed to abandon leaving it as a breeding ground for PARASTIC INSECTS

No condition is created inducing spill over of impoverished materials by the discharge during wet season over the arable land on the valley side

No rampant pits extractions to cause disturbance to public services, utilities etc

11.4.3 Closure upon its Non-extractions

All pits source supplying filling materials for road grade, embankment achievement, need to be safely closed to agreed conditions upon its extractions no longer required. No pit source shall be abandoned at contractor's discretion but has to receive Resident Engineer's a 'letter of satisfactory closure'.

11.4.4 Borrow Pit Excavation and Decommission Verification:

Concerned contractor is required to respect the environment while establishing burrow pit site as well as during its operation, management and decommission. To address it and also to reflect his respect need during his road works, a plan format, as attached in Annex Plan Format (Env Plan Format 04), which concerned contractor need to fill in prior to affecting it, seek and secure approval from his RE. Contractor also needs to secure associated agreements with local stakeholders – private quarry site land with its owner, local FUGs etc. Whether or not contractual compliance of road works undertaken by the contractor upon its completion shall be verified as against the agreed mitigation measures stated in the plan format, and his state/level of compliance shall also be gauged accordingly, which shall become a standard yardstick of his respect to contractual obligations.

11.5 Materials Stockpiling

Road upgrading needs a variety of construction materials – top soil for enriching impoverished soil in cut/fill batter, sand for civil works, pit materials for laying over road formations. These materials need to be stockpiled at location of minimal lead and free of environmental hazards.

Criteria: Environmental management sets out specific criteria for its safeguards enforcements in regard to stockpiling – topsoil, pit materials for laying over the road formations, crushed materials for sub – and base – course etc - of this road upgrading. Accordingly, such stockpiling shall be executed as described below:

At least 10 m away from drainage lines

On land with less than 10 degree slope

On sites devoid of vegetations – trees, shrub

Not above house or other civil structures

Full poly sheet cover over CRRM materials on site where deleterious materials, especially plant leaves fall is imminent

Full poly sheet cover over construction materials e.g. sand, on site where deleterious materials, especially fine dust fall is imminent

11.5.1 Top Soil Stockpiling

Cut / fill batter is in general of impoverished soil conditions, which is devoid of plant growing nutrients. Topsoil, which is rich in humus content and nutrient, is a valuable replenishing supplement to enrich impoverished soil of batter slopes, and help plants strike roots easily and grow subsequently.



Whilst road upgrading generates a relatively lesser quantity of top soil than in new road opening, it still is valuable materials for rehabilitating batter slopes, and hence is worth collecting, stockpiling where it is available and stockpiled accordingly for its need in the future.

11.5.2 Sand Stockpiling

Large quantity of sand may be needed for civil works as well as for road sealing purposes. These materials hauled from distant sources needs to be stored at safe locations– well away from road formation width, not risk prone to peripheral locations - prior to its usage according to the work type.

11.5.3 Pit Materials Stockpiling

A huge quantity of pit materials, which needs also to be hauled from distant sources, obviously is required for laying over to achieve road grade, width formation etc. These materials need to be stockpiled at safe locations – well away from road formation width, not risk prone to peripheral locations etc- so that its quality is maintained and meet the standard of specifications. Care need to be taken at these locations so that no deleterious materials – plant leaves / twigs / branches, non-degradable materials, clay soil etc - impair such materials.

11.5.4 Closure upon its Non-usage

All stockpiling site, need to be safely closed to agreed conditions upon its usage no longer required. No pit source shall be abandoned at contractor's discretion but has to receive Resident Engineer's a 'letter of satisfactory closure'.

11.5.5 Stockpiling Verification

Concerned contractor is required to respect the environment while establishing stockpiling site as well as during its operation, management and decommission. To address it and also to reflect his respect need during his road works, a plan format, as attached in Annex Plan Format (Env Plan Format 12), which concerned contractor need to fill in prior to affecting it, seek and secure approval from his RE. Contractor also needs to secure associated agreements with local stakeholders – private quarry site land with its owner, local FUGs etc. Whether or not contractual compliance of road works undertaken by the contractor upon its completion shall be verified as against the agreed mitigation measures stated in the plan format, and his state/level of compliance shall also be gauged accordingly, which shall become a standard yardstick of his respect to contractual obligations.

11.6 Excess Cut / Fill Materials Disposal:

11.6.1 Excess Cut / Fill Materials Source

Earth cutting of proposed road upgrading will generate a varying quantity - depending on the need to achieve design specifications at a particular road section - of excess cut / fill materials, which are mostly to originate:

From back cutting of hill slopes, especially on those sections of high heights / slopes, mainly at road bends

At sites where by design specification, box cut widening is the need

At sites where extra excavation of the existing road sections is required to achieve grade of its specifications

From cutting of existing batters on the hill slopes Whilst some proportion of earth materials generated by its cutting can be used as fill materials in retaining wall as well as in some of the road sections as and where required,



especially to achieve road grade, a substantial proportion still may remain as excess cut / fill materials. These materials need to be disposed to safe site without posing or causing a source of environmental degradation thereafter - both local and regional.

11.6.2 Prospective Sites for Excess Materials Disposal

Safe locations in line with criteria observed during site visits in June '10 are presented Table

4.

Table 4: Prospective Sites for Excess Materials Disposal

Chainages Disposal Site Conditions Safeguards Remark

Km 94+500 Gentle slope (30mx20mx5m) Toe wall with benching

Km 108+500

Km 113 approximate Depression by the Mahakali river before the rock cliff

Km 121 approximate Depression by the Mahakali river before the rock cliff

11.6.3 Restrict Excess Cut/Fill Materials from Disposal on Unsafe Locations

Excess cut/fill materials shall on no account be allowed to dispose of to unsafe locations and restrict it from the following types of sites:

Fresh but just naturally begin to colonize, stabilize or stabilized unstable slopes

Fresh but naturally begin to stabilize or stabilized unstable slopes

On natural water course posing a threat of or causing choking in its flow as well as in its course change

Side cast over the edge of the excavations, fresh embankments

Side cast immediately above potentially valued arable land

Side cast above public utilities and existing services – water supply lines, irrigation canal systems, valley side trails etc

Side cast above local settlements' physical structures, especially house

11.6.4 Excess Cut / Fill Materials Disposal of to Designated Spots Only

Disposal of excess cut / fill materials on to safe site without its environmental degradation is of prime concern, and proposed upgrading works must attempt to ensuring minimal possible environmental degradations, damages through proper and effective handlings and disposed on to safe sites only. Excess cut/fill materials generated during road upgrading works need to be disposed of to following types of site only:

Road section requiring earth fillings to achieve its grade or embankment raisings

Flat low lying plains

Flood plains without stretching over to main course

Site requiring land fills, especially local play ground, community ground etc

Site requiring value adding land fills, especially reclaiming land for building constructions

Broad flat land on the ridge

Fresh and swallow rill, gullies spread over large areas

Depressions spread over large areas

11.6.5 Excess Cut / Fill Materials Safe Disposal Verification:

Concerned contractor is required to respect the environment while excess cut / fill materials safely at designated locations. To address it and also to reflect his respect need during his road works, a plan format, as attached in Annex Plan Format (Env Plan Format 05), which concerned contractor need to fill in prior to affecting it, seek and secure approval from his



RE. Contractor also needs to secure associated agreements with local stakeholders – private quarry site land with its owner, local institutions etc. Whether or not contractual compliance of road works undertaken by the contractor upon its completion shall be verified as against the agreed mitigation measures stated in the plan format, and his state/level of compliance shall also be gauged accordingly, which shall become a standard yardstick of his respect to contractual obligations.

11.7 Reinstatement of Existing Public Utilities and Services

Proposed road upgrading is to affect existing water supply line once its activities commences

in line with the contractor's work schedule over a particular location. These supply lines (its

nature and magnitude as appropriate), which foresees to being affected by the activities.

These existing utilities and services need to be reinstated with a provisional measure in

place during construction works in progress ensuring its services not interrupted, and with

permanent measure affected within agreed deadline with stakeholder, as outlined in Table 5.

Table 5: Reinstatement of Existing Public Utilities / Services

Chainages (km)

Existing Water supply Line Conditions

Reinstatement Remark

Km 60+600 2" diameter poly pipe Reinstate with Panchkanya poly pipe if affordable

Km 66+900 ½" diameter poly pipe Reinstate with Panchkanya poly pipe if affordable



Km 88+100 ½" diameter poly pipe (Kholi chaur)

Reinstate with Panchkanya poly pipe if affordable


2 nos. at 300m and 400 m


Km 127+100 2" diameter poly pipe Reinstate with Panchkanya poly pipe if affordable

These reinstatement measure at best be of pancha kanya poly pipe type at worst of high density poly pipe in view of ensuring road requiring maintenance according to design foreseen period only.

11.7.1 Critical Zone Requiring Meticulous Works

Issues, which are observed critical in nature within GD Road during rapid site visit, are presented as below. These require meticulous and skillful works during road upgrading. Road Slide exist on the valley side 200m before crossing Pan khola and just after it by the road SADDLE (chainage km 61+100) (Photos) Another critical SADDLE at km 64+300 just before negotiating a series of switch backs with slide on both sides covered with pine forests (chainage 64+300) (Photo) Another critical SADDLE at km 81+250 but of lesser risk compare to km 64+300. Slide is in the valley side although in gradual stabilizing conditions.



(chaniage km 81+250) (Photo ) A rock extraction in massive scale and stacking across the slope and by the road side was in progress. This is understood to be the result of access opening to link up Sharmranti under DDC program. This access run through highly unstable slope, posing risk to maintaining reliable serviceability of GD road in the event of its debris pushed down in wet season. (chaiange km 85+800) (Photo ) Road edge scoured by the out falling run off by the existing gabion box in absence of road side drain over earthen surface at chainage km 94+500. (chaninage km 94+500) (Photo) Rock extraction in progress at chainage 98+800 by the side of broken gabion box installed primarily to yield carriage way and use it elsewhere in some others works. (chaninage km 98+300) (Photo) Horrendous water fall crossing over switchbacks at chainages km 98+000 and km 101+000, requiring meticulous water management. (photo )

11.7.2 Other Services Foreseen to Affect

Electric pole is located on the road at km 102+450, requiring its relocation as road upgrading commences on its stretch. Road alignment crosses by the stand pipe at chainages km 125+300 on the hill side

11.8 Crusher Plant

Road upgrading works require a substantial quantity of crushed aggregate materials – base course, chips and fines – within its specifications for the pavement works. Material of the type – base course, chips and fines – are of pit origins or river bed source, which is broken up manually or by machine, and is categorized appropriately according to its site specifications. In order to produce and supply these materials in substantial quantity for the proposed upgrading works, rock breaking plant – crusher plant – needs to be installed at an environmentally safe location.

11.8.1 Crusher Plant Installation and Operation

Crusher plant operation in any locality is both environmentally nuisance – sound pollutions to human settlements and damaging – dust pollutions – to human settlements and plants especially agricultural crops. Hence, its location of installation needs to be carefully examined, assessed environmental implications and share it with the local people for consensus development prior to its installation. Sharing foreseeable implication with them to be resulted by the operation of crusher plant as well as appreciating their commendable reciprocator views prior to its installation not only resolve otherwise foreseeable conflict but develop it into amicable relationship between the key stakeholders – local road users and road builders. Hence, its location is sited at the local peoples' advice and consent where possible sticking to the following standards:

Well away from the human settlements,



Well away from the waterholes,

Preferably on the non-arable but substantially flat land,

Within proximity of rock source as well as minimal lead of its usage,

Within close proximity of substantially large area of stock pilling prior to hauling to its usage site, and

With no thereat of littering incidences on the arable land especially those located on the valley site.

11.8.2 Crusher Plant Decommission

Crusher plant installed primarily to producing and supplying materials for pavement works in road constructions needs to be decommissioned safely once its purpose is fulfilled. Such decommissioning activity must conform to the following standards:

All physical configurations (including platform, power supply board etc.) be demolished and safely disconnected

Spoil generated following demotion of plant platforms be properly disposed at safe location,

All extra crushed materials – base course, chips and fines – be cleaned up and clear of crusher plant site,

Crusher plant site be fully restored to its original condition,

All crushed materials - base course, chips and fines – also be cleaned up and clear of stock pile site,

Litter materials especially of crushed one, if any, on the arable land – also be cleaned up and clear to its arable conditions, and

Sufficiently water on plant leaves covered with dust following crusher plant decommissioned so that it is fully washed away.

11.8.3 Crusher Plant Installation, Operation and Decommission Verification:

Concerned contractor is required to respect the environment while establishing stockpiling site as well as during its operation, management and decommission. To address it and also to reflect his respect need during his road works, a plan format, as attached in Annex Plan Format (Env Plan Format 08), which concerned contractor need to fill in prior to affecting it, seek and secure approval from his RE Contractor also needs to secure associated agreements with local stakeholders – private quarry site land with its owner, local institutions etc. Whether or not contractual compliance of road works undertaken by the contractor upon its completion shall be verified as against the agreed mitigation measures stated in the plan format, and his state/level of compliance shall also be gauged accordingly, which shall become a standard yardstick of his respect to contractual obligations.

11.8.4 Bitumen

Road upgrading works to sealed gravel standard needs a substantial quantity of aggregate binders – bitumen – for road surface sealing purpose, which in turn prevents any surface water, moisture etc. from penetrating through the pavement but instead drains away as it falls or flow over it.

11.8.5 Bitumen Storage

Bitumen, which is tar like mixtures of hydro carbons derived from petroleum and used for road surface sealing, is highly inflammable materials, and is thus, needs to be safely stored prior to its heating in boiler and applications in road surfacing. Such storage activity must adhere to the following standards:



Store site be accessed to authorized or assigned person only,

Full fire restrictions on the store site as well as its fence area, and

Store site be fenced from public access.

11.8.6 Bitumen Blending

Bitumen blending – desirable to obtain its required viscosity, to enable its use on preferred type as well as to permanently soften its penetration grade – may be hazardous if is handled carelessly. The following safety precautions during bitumen blending needs to be adhered to:

Blending site be located well away from installation, homes, places that occupy people (100 m distance),

No open fire (including heater in bitumen tanks) or smoking be allowed during blending operations within radius of 100 m,

Blending site be located at least 100 m away from cutter and fuel storage tanks,

No cutter or flux be mixed with bitumen having higher temperature than 1400 Celsius,

Manhole NEVER be used for adding cutter or flux oil to hot bitumen,

Cutter or flux oil NEVER be pumped into an empty tank that still hot after having contained bitumen,

Bitumen level in the tank NEVER be allowed to fall below that specified by the manufacturer while the heaters are in operations, and

Public be kept at the safe distance from the blending site.

11.8.7 Bitumen Handlers

Bitumen, when heated to high temperature is hazardous to human bodies, especially skin, eyes, nose etc. Hence anyone involved in bitumen blending susceptible is injury in absence of adequate safety measures in place. The following safety gadgets need to be used its bitumen blenders:

Use of helmets,

Use of knee high boots,

Use of canvas clothing,

Use of high gloves,

Use of goggles, and

Use of masks.

11.8.8 Bitumen Storage/Blending Site Decommission

Sites used for bitumen storage and or its blending needs to be safely decommissioned once its purpose is fulfilled. Such decommissioning activity must conform to the following standards:

All physical configurations including platform be demolished and disposed of spoil properly at safe location only,

All foreign materials including bitumen be cleaned up and cleared of sites, and

Litter materials especially of bitumen and related products, if any on site also be cleaned and cleared of.



11.8.9 Bitumen Storage Site, Blending Operation and Decommission Verification:

Concerned contractor is required to take care of bitumen storage by its safe siting as well as its blending operation and decommission. To address it and also to reflect his respect need during his road works, a plan format, as attached in Annex Plan Format (Env Plan Format 09), which concerned contractor need to fill in prior to affecting it and sought approval from his RE. Contractor also needs to secure associated agreements with local stakeholders – private quarry site land with its owner, local institutions etc. Whether or not contractual compliance of road works undertaken by the contractor upon its completion shall be verified as against the agreed mitigation measures stated in the plan format, and his state/level of compliance shall also be gauged accordingly, which shall become a standard yardstick of his respect to contractual obligations.



12. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP)

Environmental concerns along with its management need on the road construction site are well recognized, organized and respected at the donor and DoR level. However, this still has to surface up on the Contractor who undertakes construction activities with a little or no respect to the environment, inflicting tremendous damage on the environment. This damage is linked with a combination of reasons: due to absence of technical skill, know how, control etc, more specifically of an environmental expert, which needs to be in place with the Contractor as do for other disciplines.

12.1 Environmental Management Roles and Responsibility

Responsibility for environmental management associated with the proposed road upgrading involves a number of parties, each with specific responsibilities for particular activities. Main parties responsible for the implementation of mitigation measures prior to, during and following proposed road upgrading are:

MPPW

DoR (including GESU)

World Bank

Project Design and Supervision Consultant

Contractor – construction / bio-engineering Within the roads sector, MPPW has the overall responsibility for ensuring environmental safeguards being respected Department of Roads (DoR), as the main proponent, has the ultimate responsibility for the supervision of proposed road upgrading including environmental safeguards fully respected. Implementation of proposed road upgrading of Gokuleswor – Darchula Road under RSDP (New Project Preparation and Supervision) will be the responsibility of DoR Foreign Cooperation Division. Geo- Environmental and Social Unit (GESU) of DoR undertakes responsibility including environmental assessment (study) for the proposed road upgrading, provide advice related to environmental augmentation and mitigation, setting monitoring state of study implementation in on-going road proposed. World Bank is responsible for overseeing DoR's project design, implementation management in accordance with their grant / loan conditions including environmental safeguards adequately addressed, and respected it during road upgrading works. Design consultant will prepare final detail designs of proposed road upgrading, conduct necessary environmental study, and ensure EMAP recommendations incorporated in design. Supervising consultants will oversee entire activities of proposed road upgrading including day to day supervision of construction undertaken by the contractor, making sure environmental safeguards fully respected as a part of constructions. This will ensure full compliance of all aspects of work related to EMAP specifications by the contractor, with reporting direct to DoR Foreign Cooperation Division (including GESU as appropriate). Construction contractor will be responsible for undertaking all road works assigned to him in accordance with contract document, including specified conditions in EMAP. Contractor will work closely with the supervising consultant in order to ensure that proposed road upgrading works are undertaken according to EMAP specified standards.



Specific responsibility of DoR, Design and Supervising Consultant (DoR's Representative) and Contactor are as outlined below:

DoR Acquisition of all necessary private assets – land and physical structure – according to

design / construction needs

Review and approval of surveyed road alignment

Review and approval of detailed design of proposed road upgrading

Securing necessary permits from other line agencies of GoN including local institutions related to proposed road upgrading activities (District Forest Office, District Administration Office, District Land Survey Office, District Land Revenue Office, District Development Committees, Village Development Committee)

Review and approval of proposed ancillary activities (workforce camps, quarry, borrow pit, crusher plants etc)

Road maintenance, environmental monitoring and management following road handed over by the contractor

Project Design and Supervision Consultant (DoR's Representative) Prepare final design for proposed road upgrading, its required environmental studies

and EMAP design recommendations

Survey and pegging of proposed road upgrading's work according to design

Supervise constructions undertaken by the contractor according to contract document

Inspect and report contractor's state of works related to EMAP respect

Audit contractor's works against the conditions set out in EMAP

Issue corrective action against works requiring its corrections and verify if it has been respected

Report all EMAP non-conformances to DoR for action

Certify road works fully respected to EMAP

Contractor Undertake constructions of road works according to approved design, with full respect to

EMAP specifications

Be available on site as and when inspections of works undertaken by the contractor including its audits

Respect supervising consultant's instruction for correction action affected against defective works

12.2 Site Supervision, Monitoring and Reporting

The strict supervision of construction activities needs to be in place prior to and during proposed road upgrading in order to ensure that:

Works are constructed in accordance with the approved designs and

Environmental adverse impacts are fully safeguarded according to EMAP specifications

A standard system of site inspection shall be undertaken over the period of proposed road upgrading including approval and reporting as and if required Monitoring of environmental management activity including its reporting shall also be undertaken by the concerned road builders – supervising consultants and contractors - prior to and during road upgrading as outlined in Table 6. The Supervising Consultant together with contractor shall undertake site inspections to: Assist in site planning and



Oversee constructions and state of respect to environmental safeguards

12.3 Pre-construction Phase

The Supervising Consultant and Contractor shall undertake pre-construction inspections of each section of road alignment and all ancillary sites at 'two occasions' prior to commencing any construction works.

Pre-construction Inspection 1: Shall involve a site review of proposed upgrading works

along a stretch of 4 – 6 km of road. It will serve to:

Identify and locate by Chainage site – specific environmental issues

Identify and locate by Chainage prospective labor force campsites

Identify and locate by Chainage services that needs to be reinstated

Identify and locate by Chainage prospective excess cut / fill materials disposal

Identify and locate by Chainage sources of rock for retaining wall construction

Plan the phasing of construction along the alignment avoiding duplication of works and optimization of local resources use.

During the inspection, Supervising Consultant and Contractor shall discuss and agree upon issues enlisted as above, including the services that need to be reinstated, prospective excess cut / fill disposal sites, rock source for structural works etc. Accordingly concerned contractor shall fill in 'plan pro-forma' as a mandatory management practice applicable to 'key environmental issues' of road stretch under constructions, submit it to Resident Engineer for approval and secured approval prior to undertaking road works foreseen to cause environmental impact. The Supervising Consultant shall also make a record and document the type and location of all services that need to be temporarily reconnected and reinstated by the Contractor.

Pre-construction Inspection 2: Shall occur after the Supervising Consultant has

surveyed and pegged the crest and toe of cut / fill batter, retaining wall sites, drain lines and the Contractor has pegged all excess cut / fill materials disposal sites, campsites etc. The Supervising Consultant shall review the sites pegged by the Contractor and approve them for construction where appropriate or request the Contractor to re-peg sites.

Follow-up Inspection – any specific sites that require re-pegging shall be re-inspected by

the Supervising Consultant and the Contractor. The Supervising Consultant shall approve these sites or instruct the Contractor to re-peg as necessary.

12.4 Construction Phase

The Supervising Consultant shall undertake daily, weekly, and monthly supervision and inspections of upgrading works during the period of construction and weekly inspection of related activities including campsites during its usage. For any non-respect to EMAP specifications during his supervision and inspection, Supervising Consultant shall issue letter to instructing him to correct defective within specified time, and will document and present it in Monthly Progress Report.

Daily Supervision – the Supervising Consultant shall supervise the following works under

construction each day:

Excavation activities

Fill embankment construction

Excess cut / fill materials disposal



Weekly Inspections - the Supervising Consultant shall undertake weekly inspections,

together with the Contractor, of all the works inspected during the daily supervision as well as the following work under construction:

Retaining and breast wall construction

Drains construction

Reinstatement of public utilities and services

Quarry / burrow pits

excess materials disposal

stock piled materials If any activities are not undertaken in accordance with the contract or EMAP conditions, the Supervising Consultant shall document defective works and suggest corrective measures in

the Weekly Report. The Supervising Consultant shall provide a copy of the Weekly Report to the Contractor within 2 days of the Inspection for action. All drainage works and drain outlet areas will be inspected after each major storm event.

Monthly Inspections – the Supervising Consultant shall undertake a monthly inspection

of all sites in use over the preceding month, as well as site activities currently in progress, at the end of each month together with the Contractor. If any activities are not undertaken in accordance with the contract or EMAP conditions, the Supervising Consultant shall document defective works and suggest corrective measures in

the Monthly Report. The Supervising Consultant shall provide a copy of the Monthly Report to the Contractor within 2 days of the Inspection for action.

12.5 Post - construction Phase

Supervising consultant shall undertake a post-construction certification inspection of each completed section of road including its rehabilitated ancillary sites. Qualified certification shall need to respect full to contract conditions including EMAP conditions. The cost for post – construction certification is included in project document of implementation phase.

12.6 Operational Phase

Environmental monitoring of upgraded road during the operation phase shall concentrate on the impact of key environmental issues identified during project design including slide and its conditions, drainage, road side structures etc. DoR's GESU also shall undertake at most two inspections in a year. These inspections will include a visual assessment of:

Road surface condition

Slope conditions (cut / fill)

Road side structures

Drains and drain line including its state

Damage from excess materials disposal

12.7 Project Level Monitoring

Supervising Consultant shall, on behalf of project, undertake its level of monitoring of road upgrading leading to sealed bituminous surface. This monitoring on type of work activities will be of three tiers nature, sticking to:



Daily Supervision - Excavation activities, Fill embankment construction and Excess cut / fill materials disposal

Weekly Inspections - Retaining and breast wall construction, Drains construction, Reinstatement of public utilities and services and Quarry / burrow pits

Monthly Inspections -Inspection of all sites in use over the preceding month, as well as site activities currently in progress, at the end of each month in conjunction with the Contractor.

12.8 DoR Level Monitoring

DoR shall undertake bi-annual monitoring of upgrading works with specific focus on issues associated with road upgrading, level of contractor's respect to EMAP, site constraints etc.

12.9 Monitoring and Evaluation

Ministry of Physical Planning and Works shall undertake monitoring and evaluation of ongoing works of proposed road upgrading with a focus on project implementation on the environment. As and if state of any impact is found higher than its anticipated during environmental study, MPPW shall issue necessary directives to the proponent practice and place a better safeguards so that the impact is reduced remarkably. Monitoring will focus on recording environmental state and proposing a suitable remedial action.

12.10 Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP)

Environmental Management Action Plan foresees and delineates key environmental issues likely to arise with the undertaking of proposed road upgrading, and proposes practical safeguards (including mitigation) along with it implementation responsibility and monitoring schedules. EMAP also outlines its management roles and responsibilities of road builders associated with the undertaking of activities of proposed road upgrading, its supervision, monitoring and reporting (including records), audits and corrective measures, improvement proposals, and cost estimates for undertaking safeguards. The EMAP as detailed in Table 6, shall form a part of Bidding Document. This EMAP Table 6 cites environmental issues – both key and some generic ones, which is relevant in some situation and might need to respect it while undertaking proposed road upgrading. This EMAP Table is an action plan for general situation of environmental management with suggestive safeguards against a particular issue on anticipated locations by specified implementation responsibility within stipulated time. Thus, this Table's purpose is to provide general guidance to road builders while respecting environment as well as monitoring the state of respect during their road works. Key issues as existed on the ground conditions along proposed roads have been covered and dealt with on a site-specific basis where practical and feasible. Practicing environmental management plan specifically developed covering key issues of road works supplements site-specific environmental management of issue encountered during implementation. This forms a starting ground for tracking where contractors' do stand of his state of respect to environment in road works, and thus could also be a ground for monitoring process.



Table 6: Environment Management Action Plan: Respect to Environment by Practicing it in Proposed Road Upgrading – Gokuleswor - Darchula Road

Environmental Issues /

Component Environmental Safeguarding Measures / Actions

Implementation Phase

Mitigation Cost (NRs.)

Institutional Responsibility

Implementation Supervision

[A] Environmental Enhancements

1. Upgrading roadsides beyond its design width through settlement areas

surface seal to full width (at least with SBT standards) beyond road width with drainage as road works undertaken as per design.

Improve health and sanitation conditions within settlement areas with adequate drainage outlets (with surface runoff catch pit installed at places along the road edge).

Construction Construction contract

Contractor SC, DOR

2. Local Employment

employ local people if, and where they are available and willing to work


Contractor SC, DOR

3. Skill enhancement

facilitate opportunities for hands –on skills gain in skill gain in civil works if, when and where labor force willing to


Contractor SC, DOR

4. Road side Amenities

Develop bus shelters, bus bays, and truck stops as per design.

Install, establish and maintain road furniture (i.e. footpaths, railings, traffic signs, and speed zone signs) in working conditions as per design.


Contractor SC, DOR

5. Improved Environmental Conditions of Existing Road Side Markets

Provision adequate / appropriate drainage structure; sealed surface beyond normal deign width (Carriage way 7.5 m ; Side width 1.5m x 2 making Formation width 10m)


Contractor SC, DOR

6. Roadside Landscape Development

Carry out Bioengineering works as per detailed scheme


Contractor SC, DOR

7. Cultural Properties

Respect and maintain existing Cultural Properties

Provide access roads to existing cultural properties as per design where required


Contractor SC, DOR

1. Land and Initiate all necessary land and property Design/Pre - Project DOR DOR









Property Losses / Acquisition

acquisition formalization procedures prior to the commencement of any related work.

Adhere to the Land Acquisition procedures according to RAP’s Entitlement Framework.

Construction preparation cost SC

DOR

2. Permits Obtain all necessary permits for commencement of roadwork

Make avail permit copy to the Contractor.

Obtain written permission from Landholders, Municipality, DDC, VDC and DoF where required under the Local Self-Governance Act, 1998 prior commencement of various activities related to construction work

Make avail permit copies to the supervising consultant.

Pre – Construction

Project preparation cost Construction contract

PD/DOR, SC Contractor

DOR SC, DOR

3. Worksite, Survey, Pegging and Approval

Conduct layout survey of the proposed upgrading works.

Locate, peg out and seek approval from the Supervising Consultant for each ancillary site prior to the commencement of related activities.

Inspect and approve, if correct all ancillary sites.

Pre - Construction

Construction contract Project Cost

Contractor SC

SC, DOR DOR

1. Removal of Vegetation / trees

Mark out extent of clearing within approved worksite areas taking care to avoid religious tress – bar, pipal trees if any .

Undertake vegetation / trees clearance only with prior approval of local stakeholders, DoF, FUG, VDC, DDC etc. as appropriate.

Restrict clearing to the marked areas only with restriction on harvest of forest products for personal consumption or sale.

Stockpile cleared shrub / foliage where possible within ROW as appropriate.

Protect and enforce restriction on cutting of remaining vegetation within the ROW and at


Contractor SC, DOR, DoF









ancillary sites.

Replant with same species or superior one with at least twenty five numbers against a tree removed where appropriate.

2. Quarries and Borrow Pits for Project Works

Locate and peg quarries and borrow pits prior to its extractions and seek approval from the supervising consultant.

Obtain permission/license for materials extraction from Stakeholders, Municipality, DDC or VDC as appropriate.

No extractions on PIECE MEAL QUARRY but limit the number to a practical one preferably one; three (3) at the most

Restrict extraction sites to small areas; preferably on existing quarry sites and sites without any tree cover; away from dwelling, archeological, religious or cultural sites; sites without having water logging problem in future; having lowest value production land; and sites with temporal effects

Full restriction on borrow pit materials extraction activity with its depth NOT EXCEEDING 1.5 M

Restrict all extraction activities to approved sites with operations to the hours of 07:00 – 19:00 hrs in summer season and 07:00 – 17:00hrs only.

Minimize extraction by re-use of surplus materials.

Strip and stockpile all topsoil separately as appropriate for re-use

Ensure each side drains into a sedimentation trap before runoff is discharged off the site.

Discourage surface water ponding through the provision of adequate drainage outlets.

Restore the site maintaining natural contours and

Design & Construction

Construction contract

Contractor and SC SC, DOR









vegetation.

START AND MAINTAIN PRACTICING ENVIRONMNETAL (ENV) PLAN FORMAT NO 04 RELATED TO THIS ISSUE – fill in, submit by the concerned contractor and secure approval from the Resident Engineer

STRIKE AN AGREEMENT WITH THE LOCAL INSTITUTION / PRIVATE OWNER ON STANDARD PROMAT PRIOR TO UNDERTAKING IT

MONITOR AND VERIFY IF APPROVED ENV PLAN FORMAT NO 04 FULLY RESPECTED

3. Excess cut / fill materials and Construction Waste Disposal

Re-use excess material to the extent possible as per detail design.

Locate disposal sites on stable ground of gentle slope avoiding i) water courses and wetlands ii) chances instability promotion iii) destruction of public and private property, vegetation and local services (Permissible sites: abandoned quarry or borrow pit which requires to restore original contour).

Restrict and avoid haphazard side casting but practice small spoil benches to prevent slope overloading where practicable.

Identify, peg and seek approval from supervising consultant for permissible fill disposal sites prior to its usage.

Obtain permission from local stakeholders, DDC, VDC where required as appropriate.

Restrict disposal at approved locations with correct placement of fill.

Where required, apply bio-engineering measures for vegetative cover to prevent surface erosion.

Ensure measures in place to prevent earthworks

Construction Construction Contract










and stone works from impeding rivers, streams, water canals, or drainage system.




4. Cut and Fill Operation

Survey and peg crest of cut batter and toe of earth embankment.

Bench the natural surface foundation of earth embankments prior to filling to enable keying.

Undertake and effect fill in layers no deeper than 150mm and compact before applying next layer.

Protect and rehabilitate cut and fill slopes including erosion prone and instable sites using conventional civil engineering structures in conjunction with bio-engineering stabilization measures as per design


Contractor SC, DOR

5. Existing Unstable Hill Slopes (bare cut and fill slopes) threaten the road and surrounding land.

Survey and peg the extent of unstable area.

Apply bio-engineering and other appropriate slope protection and stabilization measures as per detailed design to be applied to rehabilitate problem sites.


Contractor SC, DOR

6. Water Management

Install suitably sized side drains, causeways, cross-drainage structures, bridges as per detailed


Contractor SC, DOR









(Drainage, cross-drainage, gully protection etc.)

design.

Install cascades, steps, energy dissipaters, and check dams including bio-engineering measures as per design for gully protection to avoid depth and side erosion of natural course including river beds.

Restrict and avoid water extracts for construction works from the standpipes and public water supplies, without prior permission of VDC.

Organize and effect the consensus decisions of public consultations regarding location of drainage outfalls.

Ensure adequate and proper care taken so as not to disrupt or contaminate the irrigation water supply or the supplies to the local public water supplies.

Organize and held meeting with private owner who is to be affected by the installation of cross fall out drainage prior to its construction commencement

Derive consensus about the type and location of cross fall out fall drainage prior to its installation

Restrict installation and establishment of cross fall out fall drainage according to consensus derived with the concerned stakeholder only.












7. Stockpiling of Construction Materials

Locate, peg and seek approval from the supervising consultant for the use of stockpile sites.

Stockpile should not be located on water courses; should not be within 50m of schools, hospitals or public standpipes; and should not affect locals and their properties.

Obtain written permission from landowners and local bodies for stockpiling on their land.

Stockpiles should be covered with tarpaulins. For large stockpiles, it should be enclosed with side barriers and also covered when not in use.

Provide intervening vegetated buffer to control any un-expected run-off.

Seed topsoil stockpiles with a cover crop where they are to be retained for more than one month.

Clean area properly after completion.






8. Top Soil Saving and Re-use

Save practically scoopable top soil from ROW sites and re-use it on completed road formation batters approved by Supervising Consultant.

Strip and stockpile topsoil from all ancillary sites

Construction Construction Contract

Contractor SC, DOR









that are to be disturbed.

Keep stockpiled topsoil separate from sub-soil material.

Sow a cover crop (of quick root striking and spreading characteristics) on each batter after top soiled




9. Reinstatement of existing services / public utilities / cultural utilities

Inventory all existing services / public utilities/ cultural utilities, which were, will be disturbed and or interrupted by road works.

Identify stakeholder by stakeholder / local people / end users (VDC) to be affected by road works

Reach an agreement with the affected stakeholder / local people / end users (VDC), regarding services (i.e. irrigation canal, water supply lines, standpipes, drainage ditches and walking trails, chautara’s etc) stating requirement of its reinstatement type – temporary and permanent - citing location of cuts / interruption and schedule of reinstatements.

Obtain written permission from affected landowners / local people regarding temporary disruption of services.

Locate and reach agreement with affected


Contractor SC, DOR









landowners and local people / end users (VDC) regarding services (i.e. irrigation canal, water supply lines, standpipes, drainage ditches and walking trails, chautara’s etc) to be maintained, temporarily cut and reinstated including timing and location of cuts and reinstatements. Obtain written permission from affected landowners / local people regarding temporary disruption of services.

Avoid and protect all community facilities - temples, stupas, patipauwa, traditional ceremonial site, cremation site etc, which will be affected by road works

Provision and establish local trails at locations acceptable to the local stakeholders, end users (to satisfaction of VDC).

Frame up realistic work schedule aiming to minimize inconvenience to local stakeholders as well as to local cultural festivals.

Dismantle and relocate religious structures upon consensus developed amongst the local stakeholders by organizing local public consultations.












10. Bitumen safe storage and its use

Identify and locate site safe for bitumen storage

Strike an agreement with the owner if it is private land

Store bitumen on designated site

FULL RESTRICTION on bitumen STORAGE on scattered conditions along road

Only kerosene, diesel or gas fuel allowed using for heating and melting bitumen.

Clean up areas spilled with bitumen while storing its drums on designated areas.

FULL RESTRICTION on bituminous spills DISCHARGING into side drains.

Install catch pitch appropriately on bitumen storage site in order that any accidental bitumen spillage caught inside it

No bitumen applications or spray allowed in strong wind or rainy conditions.





Contractor SC, DOR

11. Blasting Seek and secure approval for blasting from the SC prior to its undertaking.

Issue public notice to all local residents / VDC prior to blasting activity

Inspect and approve blasting where significant


Contractor SC

SC, DOR DOR









hard rock occurs.

Inspect blasting operation during the course of construction.

Restrict all blasting to the working hours 09:00 – 16:30 only.

Conduct controlled blasting complying rules under Explosive Act (1961).

12. Stone Crushing Plant / Hot mix Plant / Batching Plants

Identify and locate safe plant sites – crusher, hot mix, batching etc

Apply, seek and secure approval from SC prior to establishing and operating plants

Locate, peg and establish plants site well away - preferably at least 500m - from local residents, drinking water intakes, arable lands and sensitive ecosystem.

Identify owner of plants site - local people, Municipality, DDC or VDC as appropriate.

Strike an agreement with the local stakeholders - local people, Municipality, DDC or VDC as appropriate.

Fit and operate Stone crushing equipment / cement batching with dust control devices and operated as per Manufacturer’s Specification.

Ensure bitumen mixing plant have in-built mechanisms for the absorption of gases.

Restrict plants to the day time working hours 09:00 – 16:30 only.

Restore the site maintaining natural contours and vegetation after use.



Contractor SC, DOR











13. Labour force Camp Establishment, Management and Decommission

Identify, apply, seek and secure approval of appropriate labor force camp prior to establishing and operating

Locate approved site and peg appropriate labor force camp prior to establishing and operating

No camps allowed locating near settlements; near water supply intakes; or sites that affects locals’ access to drinking water.

No camp allowed locating in the vicinity of landslide and flood plains.

Provide and maintain sustained supply of safe drinking water

Develop and ensure proper sewerage and waste disposal facilities at the camps.

No firewood meeting from illegal source – without striking an agreement with the supplier

No firewood using by labor force from the illegal source

Prohibit workforce from poaching of any wildlife and cutting trees.

Clear and restore labor force camps to natural or stable conditions with vegetative cover.

Restrict labor force’s working hours from 7:00 to 18:00 only.

START AND MAINTAIN PRACTICING ENVIRONMNETAL (ENV) PLAN FORMAT NO 01 RELATED TO THIS ISSUE – fill in, submit by


Contractor SC, DOR









the concerned contractor and secure approval from the Resident Engineer



14. Contractor’s Work Camp Establishment, Operation and De-commission

Identify, apply, seek and secure approval of appropriate contractor’s work force camp prior to establishing and operating

Locate approved site and peg appropriate contractor work force camp prior to establishing and operating

No camps allowed locating near settlements; near water supply intakes; or sites that affects locals’ access to drinking water.

No camp allowed locating in the vicinity of landslide and flood plains.

Provide and maintain sustained supply of safe drinking water

Develop and ensure proper sewerage and waste disposal facilities at the camps.

No firewood meeting from illegal source – without striking an agreement with the supplier

No firewood using by labor force from the illegal source

Prohibit workforce from poaching of any wildlife and cutting trees.

Clear and restore contractor’s work force camps to natural or stable conditions with vegetative cover.

Remove, recover and reuse used oil, lubricants collected or removed form site.


Contractor SC, DOR









Manage explosives, oil, petrol, and grease according to Provisions of this Management plan.




15. Explosives, Combustibles and Toxic Materials Management

No hazardous materials allowed to store near surface waters.

Collect and re-cycle used lubricants and oils or dispose it off safely.

Overlay plastic sheeting under hazardous material storage area

Collect and retain hazardous material leaks and spills laid over the plastic sheet.

Capture contaminated runoff from storage areas in ditches or ponds with an oil trap at the outlet.

Pack contaminated and worn plastic sheeting into drums and disposed it off site.

Use explosives as per the prevailing GON regulations only.


Contractor SC, DOR

16. Air Pollution Install and establish stone crushing plant / Hot mix plant / Batching plant sites at least 500m from local residents, settlements and habitats

Fit stone crushing plant / Hot mix plant / Batching plants with dust suppression equipment.

Dampen and maintain on the stretch of road


Contractor SC, DOR









constructions by periodical water spray.

Delivery vehicles will be covered.

Seal mixing equipment as per existing standards.

ENSURE contractor’s construction vehicles comply with Motor Vehicles and Transportation Management Act as amended – mandatory GREEN STICKER.

Install and provide temporary hoardings to minimize dust impact on locations of temples and other cultural sites as and where required.

Restrict traffic speed by providing speed control measures on the road stretch of the settlements, work site.

17. Noise Pollution and Vibration Effect

Use plants - stone crushing plant / Hot mix plant / Batching plant - and equipment in constructions ensuring it conforms to best practices.

Fit and maintain vehicles and equipment with silencer prior to its use keeping noise at minimum levels.

Make avail and provide construction workers with appropriate ear muffs/ foam plugs.

Install, activate and maintain noise barriers urban and sensitive locations i.e. schools, hospitals etc.

Carry out blasting only as a LAST RESORT after technical justification and as per Nepal Explosives Act 1961.

Post notice, inform and evacuate – if necessary – local residents prior to blasting.

Limit blasting to a rock splits only

Monitor cracks caused by vibration due to construction activities

Seek and practice alternative to minimize crack caused by vibrations.


Contractor SC, PD/DOR









Restrict and limit working hours to day hours specifically at urban and sensitive locations.

18. Safety, Accident Risks and Health

Install, establish and maintain adequate lighting and safety signal devices for both traffic and work safety.

Install and establish adequate warning signs, safety barriers, traffic calming measures for both traffic and work safety

Deploy flag man to control traffic for both traffic and work safety.

Undertake controlled blasting with cordons placed on either side; closing of road at blasting time and siren sound prior to blasting as and where required..

Make avail and provide protective measures including helmets, masks, boots, gloves, ear plugs and goggles for workers safety.

Make easily avail a readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of dressing materials AT EVERY WORK PLACE and ANY TIME.

Establish and maintain health care system at construction camps including regular visits by trained medical staff for routine check up of workers and avoidance of communicable disease.

Provide and facilitate temporary diversions of earthen stretch, with proper drainage system and periodic water spray wherever necessary.

Check and certify electrical equipment regularly.

Provide and install all road signs as per design.

Organize road safety education to all villagers, schools, clubs and drivers of construction vehicles.











19. Road support structure -Retaining walls and Breast Walls

Train and ensure MACHINE OPERATOR, deployed for foundation excavations is FULLY AWARE of the consequences of his works, especially of exceeding over design specification on the environment leading to peripheral instability as well as structure collapse at a later date

FULL RESTRICTIOIN on machine operator while executing foundation to a design specifications magnitude only

TIE UP structural ends (bottom part in the hill side and top part on the valley side)– right and left with DRY ROCKS’ so

as not to allow surface run off from these ends and inciting scour

SMOOTHEN materials – above the structure in the hill side; below the structure on the valley side according to the case encountered – all over so as not to leave conditions conducive to erosions






20. Road Diversion Provision and install traffic control signals – flashing boards, speed breakers, road dividers etc at appropriate locations according to a need











Full restriction on road side parking anywhere in the vicinity but keep it free of parking vehicles

Adequate water sprinkling effected over the diversion stretch – in the morning and afternoon

Reinstate diversion stretch to its original value once its use longer require




21. Grievance Redressal Mechanism

Form, activate and maintain GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MECHANISM for each site of road constructions

Activate and maintain GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MECHANISM in concerned project manager’s office, Resident Engineers office, contractor’s office for each site of road constructions

Inform local stakeholders of Grievance Redressal Mechanism’s existence

Inform local stakeholders about how they can lodge grievance against contractor’s fault work for his rectification

Undertake and correct fault works by contractor to grievance lodger’s satisfaction

Construction Contractor’s cost Contractor SC, PD/DOR

22. Road Builders’ Organize EYE OPENING workshop with a focus Construction DoR’s cost Contractor SC, PD/DOR









Capacity Building

on key environmental issues associated with road works (Target group: Key Level road Builders - Supervising consultants, Contract Manager / Engineer)

Organize TRAINING to GRASS ROOT level road builders with a focus on the implications of their works (defective) on environment (Target group – machine excavator, labor gang leader etc)

Organize LOCAL LEVEL workshop with a focus on familiarizing environmental issues and project benefits

Organize REFRESHNING workshop with a focus on ascertaining key road builders feed back towards improved environmental respect (Target group - Supervising consultants, Contract Manager / Engineer)

1. Air and Noise Pollution

Install and enforce speed restrictions signs on the road section within dense settlements and forest area to reduce dust generation, limit vehicle speed, , and where horns will not be blown and traffic speed will be regulated.

Establish Green barrier belt between the road and the settlements. with appropriate plantings

Enforce strictly vehicle emission standards.

Maintain road side tree plantation

Operation

Construction contract Engineering cost

Contractor, DOR Transportation Management Department

DOR DOR, GESU

2. Safety Measures

Develop and respect Traffic Management Plan , especially for stretch of congested locations.

Enforce strict Traffic control measures, including speed limits.

Enforce strict surveillance and enforce against new encroachment and squatting within the ROW

Enforce school or hospital established and located within 50m of the highway with permission from the planning authorities.

Operation Engineering cost Local Govt. Body DOR



Note: DoF = Department of Forest. DDC = District Development Committee. FUG = Forest Users Group. GESU = Geo-environment and Social Unit. DOR = Department of Roads. RAP = Resettlement Action Plan. ROW = Right of Way. SC = Supervising Consultants. VDC = Village Development Committee.



13. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

Public dissent, especially amongst local stakeholders is obvious and common to surface up on the road stretch where its activity is undertaken, and continued without suggested environmental safeguards being correctly respected. These non-compliant safeguards at times most notably may include: rock extractions at contractors discretion without formal agreement with the land owner, locating and establishing cross / outfall drainage over the private land without its owner’s consent, draining out hazardous spills over the private land, littering arable land with the impoverished materials (e.g. spoil), allowing labor force including gang leader or machine operator’s undertake their works at their without knowledge of his wrong doing etc.

Local stakeholders, who are directly affected by their fault works as cited above, and wish to lodge their grievances requiring its corrections, may need to be fully aware of ‘about how’ and ‘where they can lodge their grievances’. Inability to understand and conceive their rights by the road builders on time, and absence of ‘Grievance Re-dressal Body’ at work site of its fault works may later lead to conflict, which at worst situation may lead to a ‘need for stop of road works’. For local stakeholders’ convenience, this mechanism needs to be affected by establishing mandatory ‘grievance register book’ at the Chief District Officer’s Office, Project Manager’s Office, road builders’ office – supervising consultants and contractor etc. The register book requires containing i) date of grievance registered ii) name / address of grievance lodger (stakeholder) iii) nature of grievance being lodged and iv) location / site of fault works requiring corrections to his satisfactions. Appropriate action may need to be affected as and if the case of registered grievance is genuine by the road builders on priority basis, and monitored if grievance is appropriately entertained. This Grievance Redress Mechanism has been developed and proposed in close knowledge share environment and association with social expert during RSDP 1 implementation as its lesson learned as a felt need for practicing in RSDP additional funding. Whether or not concerned contractor has respected his commitment as cited in environmental management plan approved by the concerned Resident Engineer, both monthly and periodic monitoring on contractor's state of respect by the line agencies in line with Environmental Protection Regulations (latest amendments) requirements – MPPW, DoR's GESU - is suggested for practicing in a format developed by DoR's GESU as presented in Annex.



14. ROAD CORRIDOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

14.1 Road side Slips Stabilizations

Road stabilizations may require on the stretch as and where fresh cut is executed. It is also required on the slopes of unstable nature. As with some slides observed along the road stretch, such stabilizations may become a need as the design works get clearer about design needs to match site conditions.

14.1.1 Objectives

Environmental improvement objectives, as enlisted below, are aimed to be achieved through the implementation of the bio-engineering techniques:

Stabilize cut and fill slopes.

Reduce surface erosion.

Reinforce the civil structures.

Develop better water management for the protection of road pavement and structures.

Reduce the maintenance cost of the road.

Improve the aesthetic appearance of road corridor.

Maintain the ecological balance of the road surrounding.

14.1.2 Strategy for Successful Bio-engineering Works

Five strategies are identified and established as pre-requisite for bio-engineering works a success:

Ensure sites requiring bio-engineering works critically assessed with regard to its site conditions – physiographic type, distribution of rock, soil depth over the area, soil type and moisture availability etc – and identified resource limitations for plantings. This aims help identify limiting conditions against which appropriate measure is in place;

Ensure practical remedial measure is identified, suggested and implemented accordingly;

Ensure plant production schedule is worked out realistically and correctly, and executed plants producing nursery activities in such a way that plants are well rooted, sufficiently hardened, appropriately sized (proportionate root shoot ratio) at the time of its plantings. This aims to achieve optimal stocking of plantings – growing well with its root struck on to site successfully;

Ensure site requiring bio- engineering treatment available to concerned workers prior to pre monsoon so that planting works can be commenced during site condition full of moisture, which eases plant strike its roots and grow substantially in the following monsoon. This aims plant struck its root as soon as possible in pre-monsoon and grow in the follow monsoon; and

Practice planting local species – mostly of grass and shrub species and some short sized locally preferred trees - preferred to general ones on the sites requiring its roots' quicker struck and coverage. This is possible with only those species that has been naturally selected and striving for long within local conditions and available resources – moisture, soil depth, nutrients etc.

14.1.3 Selection Criteria of Plant Species

Suitable plant species for the proposed bio-engineering works will be identified and selected based on the following key parameters.

Prompt root striking

Drought resistant

Rapid growth

Long Living



Adapt to the individual site condition.

Substantial root growth

14.1.4 Site Observations and Proposed Bio-engineering Measures

Site assessments for the proposed road upgrading were made in general by chainages with regard to slope conditions citing its location, slope angle and conditions of slope failures along with prospective bio-engineering measures as outlined in Table 7.

Table 7: Prospective Bio-engineering Measures in Gokuleswor– Darchula Road

S.No Chainage

Location Slope angle

Slope status Bio-Engineering

measures From To

1 53+860 53+900 h/s >45o Active gulley has formed by the over flow from irrigation canal

- Slope preparation on all gulley

- Rooted grass planting in chevron line

- Containerized tree/shrubs planting

-Live check dam planting in every 3 m

-Large bamboo planting

-Earth work excavation for foundation

-Gabion check dam construction

2 54+200 54+260 v/s >45o Failure slope between upper and lower alignment

-Slope preparation to proper angle

-Rooted grass planting in horiz. line

-Containerized tree/shrubs planting

-Brush layering in every 3 m interval

3 54+760 54+800 h/s >45o Failure slope on colluvial materials


-Rooted grass planting in diagonal line


-Shrubs seeds sowing in whole slope

4 55+810 55+870 h/s >45o Failure slope on colluvial materials







S.No Chainage



measures From To

5 59+320 59+340 v/s >45o Active gulley formed due to drainage water from road

-Slope preparation work on all gulley





6 60+080 60+120 v/s >45o Failure slope just 20 m below road edge




7 60+180 60+210 h/s >45o Several active formation between upper and lower alignment

-Slope preparation work on all gulley





-Dry stone check dam constr. (16 nos)

8 62+280 62+290 v/s <45o Gulley formation below gabion wall

-Slope prep. work on both gulley faces

-Rooted grass planting in chevron line




9 62+290 62+300 v/s <45o Gulley formation below gabion wall

-Slope prep. work on both gulley faces





10 62+310 62+360 h/s >45o Slope failure on loose




S.No Chainage



measures From To

granular materials



11 62+380 62+400 h/s >45o Slope failure on loose granular materials





12 62+415 62+430 h/s <45o Slope failure on loose granular materials





13 63+050 63+070 LHS >45o

Shear failure up to 200 m down threatening upper loop

-Slope preparation in whole slope



-Brush layering in herringbone line

-Fascine planting in 20 m interval




-Dry stone check dam constr. (5 nos)


-Dry stone riprap construction


14 68+510 68+550 v/s <45o Failure slope on embankment slope up to


-Rooted grass planting in horz. line



S.No Chainage



measures From To

20 m down -Containerized

tree/shrubs planting

-Brush layering in 4 m interval


15 69+300 69+350 h/s >45o Slope failure on loose granular materials





16 69+300 69+380 v/s >45o Failure slope below road edge containing colluviam soil





17 70+260 70+300 v/s <45o below collapsed gabion wall






18 70+605 70+640 h/s >45o Failure slope -Slope preparation to proper angle



19 74+540 74+580 h/s >45o

Failure slope on colluvial materials from 60 m above road





-Small bamboo planting



S.No Chainage



measures From To

(nigalo)

20 74+540 74+580 v/s >45o Gulley formation up to 50 m down by debris flow





-Small bamboo planting (nigalo)



21 74+650 74+690 h/s >45o Failure slope -Slope preparation in whole slope


22 79+150 79+190 v/s <45o

Active gulley has formed by debris flow






23 87+700 87+720 v/s <45o tipped area from link road in steep gulley





24 87+750 87+800 h/s >45o Failure slope below link road by debris flow







S.No Chainage



measures From To

25 88+030 88+050 h/s >45o Failure slope below link road by debris flow





26 87+030 87+050 v/s <45o Active gulley has formed by debris flow, toe wall to provide

-Slope preparation work in whole slope






27 94+900 94+940 h/s >45o Failure slope on limestone materials





28 94+960 94+970 h/s >45o Failure on both gulley faces 15 away from road




29 95+010 95+020 h/s <45o Active gulley -Slope preparation work in whole slope




30 95+570 95+600 v/s <45o Failure slope between upper and lower alignment






S.No Chainage



measures From To










32 96+530 96+550 v/s <45o Failure slope between upper and loiwer alignment






33 97+010 97+050 h/s >45o Mass movement, below cultivation land with seepage water






-Bolster const. in herringbone pattern






35 97+670 97+710 h/s <45o Failure slope containing 2




S.No Chainage



measures From To

nos active gulley







36 97+760 97+800 v/s <45o Failure area below existing gabion wall






37 98+200 98+220 h/s >45o Failure slope containing 2 nos active gulley






38 98+720 98+750 h/s >45o Failure slope -Slope preparation to proper angle



39 98+720 98+750 v/s <45o Debris collected from failure slope





40 99+700 99+730 h/s >45o Failure slope from 70 m above road


-Rooted grass planting in



S.No Chainage



measures From To

containing active gulley

horz. line




41 99+700 99+730 v/s <45o debris materials on embankment slope





42 100+020 100+080 h/s <45o Slope failure on loose granular materials





43 101+200 10-1240 v/s <45o debris materials on embankment slope





44 103+700 103+790 h/s >45o Failure on cut slope





45 104+100 104+160 h/s >45o Failure slope on red loamy soil




-Brush layering in 5 m



S.No Chainage



measures From To

interval










48 108+860 108+900 h/s >45o Debris fall -Slope preparation work in whole slope




49 109+300 109+380 h/s >45o Failure area behind gabion breast wall












51 112+100 112+160 h/s >45o Failure area behind




S.No Chainage



measures From To

gabion breast wall





52 113+420 113+490 h/s <45o doposited debris materials





53 118+080 118+120 h/s >45o Failure slope -Slope preparation work in whole slope
















56 122+480 122+570 h/s >45o Failure area behind




S.No Chainage



measures From To

gabion breast wall





57 124+710 124+780 h/s >45o Failure slope -Slope preparation work in whole slope





Source: RSDP (IDA GRANT NO: H339 –NEP) Field visit July 2010

Close and detail assessment might, however, require prior to coming up with clearer and practical mitigation measures as a part of successful clothing the damaged slopes – old cut slopes, slides etc, caused by the road upgrading works. This will become come clearer as detailed survey and design works completes.

14.1.5 Quantity and Cost Estimate for Bio-engineering Works

Quantity estimate related to proposed mitigation measure for covering exposed and or fresh cut slopes based on its site specific assessments have been worked out for the road (Tables 8). These quantities is planned to translate in cost and present in BoQ in a contract document based on current district rates by the Design Team (Table 9).



Table 8: Quantity Estimate for Bio-engineering Works of Proposed Gokuleswor Darchula Road

S.No

Chainage

Location

Slope prepr.work

Rooted grass

plantation

Contour tree/

shrubs plantation

Brush layering

Sowing shrubs seeds

Fascine planting

Remarks

From To

m2 m2 nos m m2 m

1 53+860 53+900 h/s 800.00 800.00 400.00

2 54+200 54+260 v/s 900.00 900.00 450.00 300.00

3 54+760 54+800 h/s 2400.00 2400.00 480.00 2400.00

4 55+810 55+870 h/s 480.00 480.00 240.00 480.00

5 59+320 59+340 v/s 600.00 600.00

6 60+080 60+120 v/s 660.00 660.00 660.00

7 60+180 60+210 h/s 1600.00 1600.00

8 62+280 62+290 v/s 300.00 300.00 150.00

9 62+290 62+300 v/s 900.00 900.00 450.00 150.00

10 62+310 62+360 h/s 500.00 500.00 500.00

11 62+380 62+400 h/s 300.00 300.00 150.00 100.00

12 62+415 62+430 h/s 330.00 330.00 165.00 105.00

13 63+050 63+070 LHS 9600.00 9600.00 6500.00 1600.00 9600.00 1600.00

14 68+510 68+550 v/s 800.00 800.00 400.00 200.00 200.00

15 69+300 69+350 h/s 750.00 750.00 150.00 750.00

16 69+300 69+380 v/s 1200.00 1200.00 600.00 320.00

17 70+260 70+300 v/s 800.00 800.00 400.00 200.00

18 70+605 70+640 h/s 280.00 280.00 280.00

19 74+540 74+580 h/s 2400.00 2400.00 900.00 480.00

20 74+540 74+580 v/s 2000.00 2000.00 900.00 400.00

21 74+650 74+690 h/s 280.00 280.00

22 79+150 79+190 v/s 2000.00 2000.00 800.00 400.00

23 87+700 87+720 v/s 800.00 800.00 160.00



S.No

Chainage

Location

Slope prepr.work

Rooted grass

plantation

Contour tree/

shrubs plantation

Brush layering

Sowing shrubs seeds

Fascine planting

Remarks

From To

m2 m2 nos m m2 m

24 87+750 87+800 h/s 600.00 600.00 300.00 200.00

25 88+030 88+050 h/s 500.00 500.00 250.00 100.00

26 87+030 87+050 v/s 500.00 500.00 250.00 125.00

Subtotal: 32,280.00 32,280.00 13,065.00 5,585.00 14,670.00 1,925.00

1 94+900 94+940 h/s 480.00 480.00 240.00 120.00

2 94+960 94+970 h/s 600.00 600.00

3 95+010 95+020 h/s 200.00 200.00

4 95+570 95+600 v/s 1050.00 1050.00 525.00 210.00

5 96+470 96+510 h/s 480.00 480.00 240.00 160.00

6 96+530 96+550 v/s 700.00 700.00 350.00 140.00

7 97+010 97+050 h/s 800.00 800.00 400.00 160.00

8 97+480 97+550 h/s 700.00 700.00 350.00 210.00

9 97+670 97+710 h/s 680.00 680.00 340.00 240.00

10 97+760 97+800 v/s 600.00 600.00 300.00 150.00

11 98+200 98+220 h/s 300.00 300.00 150.00 80.00

12 98+720 98+750 h/s 360.00 360.00 360.00

13 98+720 98+750 v/s 450.00 450.00 225.00 120.00

14 99+700 99+730 h/s 2100.00 2100.00 1050.00 420.00

15 99+700 99+730 v/s 360.00 360.00 180.00 180.00

16 100+020 100+080 h/s 1200.00 1200.00 900.00 1200.00

17 101+200 10-1240 v/s 480.00 480.00 240.00 240.00

18 103+700 103+790 h/s 720.00 720.00 410.00 720.00

19 104+100 104+160 h/s 1200.00 1200.00 900.00 240.00 1200.00

20 105+570 105+600 h/s 360.00 360.00 360.00



S.No

Chainage

Location

Slope prepr.work

Rooted grass

plantation

Contour tree/

shrubs plantation

Brush layering

Sowing shrubs seeds

Fascine planting

Remarks

From To

m2 m2 nos m m2 m

21 106+220 106+240 h/s 160.00 160.00 160.00

22 108+860 108+900 h/s 320.00 320.00 160.00 160.00

23 109+300 109+380 h/s 1600.00 1600.00 800.00 320.00 1600.00

24 110+500 110+560 h/s 360.00 360.00 180.00 180.00 360.00

25 112+100 112+160 h/s 480.00 480.00 240.00 240.00 480.00

26 113+420 113+490 h/s 840.00 840.00 420.00 210.00

27 118+080 118+120 h/s 480.00 480.00 240.00 120.00

28 118+910 118+970 h/s 720.00 720.00 310.00 180.00 720.00

29 119+300 119+340 h/s 1000.00 1000.00 500.00 200.00 1000.00

30 122+480 122+570 h/s 1080.00 1080.00 540.00 270.00 1080.00

31 124+710 124+780 h/s 840.00 840.00 420.00 210.00 840.00

Total: 21,700.00 21,700.00 10,610.00 4,760.00 10,080.00 -

Note: SP=Slope preparation, RGS=Planting rooted grass slips, T/S=Tree/Shrub planting, BL=brush layering, GS=Broadcasting grass seeds, SS=sowing of shrub seeds, BP=large bamboo planting, DRR=Dry stone rip-rap drain, GCD=Gabion check dam, DCD=Dry stone check dam, EW=Earth work excavation for foundation.



Table 9: Cost Estimate for Bio-engineering Works of Proposed Gokulerswor Dachula Road Upgrading

S.N. Description of Items Unit Quantity Rate (Nrs)

Amount (Nrs) Remarks

1 Slope Preparation for Bio-engineering works (10.1) (Specification Clause No. 2840) sqm 53180 7.00

372260.00

2 Planting rooted grass slips at spacing 100 mm within the row and 250 mm between the rows (10.2) (Specification Clause No. 2853) sqm 53180 31.00

1648580.00

3 Contour Tree/Shrub planting (10.3) (Specification Clause No. 2854) No 23275 151.00 3514525.00

4 Brush Layering (10.4) (Specification Clause No. 2856) M 10345 39.00 403455.00

5 Live check dams (10.4) M 253

6 Gabion check dam construction (10.10) cum 75

7 Dry stone check dam construction (10.11) cum 63.45

8 Large bamboo planting (10.(i)) (Specification Clause No. 2811) Nos 479

9 Small bamboo planting (10.(ii)) Nos 610

10 Sowing shrubs seeds (10.7) sqm 24750

11 Fascine planting (10.8) M 2425 111.00 269175.00

12 Dry stone rip-rap (1500mm) (10.12(i)) sqm 435

13 Dry stone rip-rap (1200mm) (10.12(ii)) sqm 600

14 Gabion bolster M 90

15 Earthwork in excavation for foundation in gravel mixed soil (10.9) Cum 162.3

16 Supply and broadcast dry seeds @25gms/m2 sqm 24750 11.00 272250.00

17 Supply and laying grass turfing on the various slope with cutting, watering and transportation sqm 5200 33.00

171600.00

Total Amount 6,651,845.00



15. ITEMS TO PROVISION IN BID DOCUMENT

Item to provision in bid document for any issues including reinstatement of rural trails, water supply lines, irrigations canal systems etc under the issue of reinstatement of public utilities and services and other as outlined in EMAP may require to address as respecting it, and also to ensure it being incorporated in BoQ (Table 10). This exercise is undertaken and executed in parallel with Design works by incorporating it in bid document as the picture of road requiring respect to EMAP become clearer.

Table 10: BoQ Related to Environmental Safeguards Managements

Environmental Issues Unit Rate (Rs) Amount (Rs) Remarks

Campsite

Contractor Office /

Workshop

Labor force (mobile)

Lump Sum (2.00)

300,000/- 600,000/-

Contractor to bear cost of labor force siting including land / house hire, firewood etc

Capacity building

Pre-construction

orientation

(senior level road builders, mid

level road builders)

Training

(road builders – labor force

leaders)

Refreshening workshop

(senior level road builders, mid level road builders)

Lump Sum

40,000/-

20,000/-

40,000/-

40,000/-

20,000/-

40,000/-

Senior level – RE, ARE; Contract Manager, Engineer Mid level – IOWs, Site supervisors

Safety Gadgets (for all road builders) (Quarry, Civil Works, Surface sealing etc.)

15mth 2500/- 37,500/-

All road builders need use safety gadgets including Supervising consultant, visitors

Quarry / rock breaking (operation / safe closure)

Lump Sum (2.00)

200,000/- 400,000/-

Reinstatement of quarry, crusher plant, bitumen storage and stock pile sites to the original state upon completion of works

Excess cut materials (safe disposal)

38,401 cum

22/- 844,822/-

Contractor to bear cost for any land reclamation need on the valley side caused by his unsafe disposal

Public utilities

Irrigation canal

(includes correction of pubic utilities / services disrupted by the road opening in the past)

Lump Sum

21,776,555/-

Local stakeholders strong resentment prevails in affected locations



Environmental Issues Unit Rate (Rs) Amount (Rs) Remarks

as their livelihoods being se3verly affected by the wrong works

Relocation of services

Drinking water supply lines

Standpipe

Public resting places

Lump Sum (2.00)

500,000/- 1,000,000/-

Bitumen (safe storage, closure) Clean up

Materials stockpile site

Pavement site

Quarry site

(free of surplus materials – chips, bitumen, aggregates, bitumen containers etc)

Lump Sum (2.00)

50,000/- 100,000/-

Clearance of surplus pavement / materials from roadside including bitumen, CRRM, chips etc

Standard Transport Infrastructure

Develop bus stops at district HQs, major en route ones

Bio-engineering 6,651,845.00

TOTAL 31,150.722.00

government of nepal ministry of physical planning and works … · 2016-07-10 · government of...

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