governament of india

8/12/2019 Governament of India

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MADE BY SWASTI 6-EGROUP NO.6


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The Government of India , officially known asthe Union Government and also known asthe Central Government , was established bythe Constitution of India , and is the governingauthority of the union of 29 states and seven union

territories, c ollectively called the Republic of India .It is based in New Delhi , the capital of India.The basic civil and criminal laws governing thecitizens of India are set down in major parliamentarylegislation, such as the Civil Procedure Code,the Indian Penal Code , and the Criminal ProcedureCode. The union and individual state governments alleach consist of executive, legislative and judicialbranches. The legal system as applicable to thefede ral and individu al sta te governmen ts is based onthe English Common and Statutory Law .
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NATIONALGOVERMENT

STATEGOVERNMENT

PANCHAYATIRAJ


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ORGANS

EXECUTIVELEGISLATURE JUDICARY


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The executive branch of government is

the one that has sole authority andresponsibility for the daily administrationof the state bureaucracy. The division of

power into separate branches ofgovernment is central to the republicanidea of the separation of powers .
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The executive power is vested mainly inthe President of India The President enjoysall constitutional powers and exercises them directlyor through officers subordinate to him .The Presidentis to act in accordance with aid and advise tenderedby the head of government (Prime Minister of India )and his or her Council of Ministers (the cabinet )The Council of Ministers remains in power during the'pleasure' of the President. However, in practice, theCouncil of Ministers must retain the support of theLok Sabha. If a President were to dismiss the Councilof Ministers on his or her own initiative, it mighttrigger a constitutional crisis. Thus, in practice, theCouncil of Ministers cannot be dismissed as long as itholds the support of a majority in the Lok Sabha.
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The Cabinet of India includes the Prime Ministerand his Cabinet Ministers. Each Minister must bea member of one of the houses of India'sParliament. The Cabinet is headed by the Prime

Minister , and Cabinet Secretary acts as advisor -who is also acting as the head of the IndianAdministrative Service . Other Ministers areeither as Union Cabinet Ministers, who are headsof the various Ministries; Ministers of State, who

are junior members who report directly to one ofthe Cabinet Ministers, often overseeing aspecific aspect of government; or JuniorMinisters of State (Independent Charges), whichdo not report to a Cabinet Minister.
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Legislative power in India is exercised by the Parliament , abica meral legisl ature cons isting of t he President of India ,the Rajya Sabha , and the Lok Sabha . Of the tw o hous es ofParlia ment, the former is considered to be the upperhouse and consists of members appointed by the presidentand elected by the state and territo rial legislatures . Thelatter is considered the lower house or the House of thepeople.The Parliament doe s not enjoy com plete sovereignty , as it slaws are subject to judicial review by the Supreme Courtof In dia . However, it does exercise som e contr ol overthe executive bran ch . The members of cabinet , including

the prime minister and the Council of Ministers , are eitherchosen from parliament or elected thereto within sixmonths of assuming office. The cabinet as a wholeis responsible to the Lok Sabha .
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India's independent judicial system began under theBritish, and its concepts and procedures resemblethose of Anglo-Saxon countries . The Supreme Court ofIndia consists of a Chief Justice and 30 associatejustices, all appointed by the President on the advice

of the Chief Justice of India . The jury trials wereaboli shed in India in early 1960s, after th e famouscase KM Nanavati v State of Maharashtra , for reasonsof being vulnerable to media and public pressure, aswell as to being misled.Unlike its United States counterpart, the Indianjustice system consists of a unitary system at bothstate and federal level. The judiciary consists ofthe Supreme Court o f India , High C ourt s of India atthe sta te level, and District Courts and SessionsCourts at the district level.
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The Supreme Court of India original , appellate and advisoryjurisdiction. Its exclusive original jurisdiction extends to anydispute between the Government of India and one or morestates, or between the Government of India and any state orstates on one side and one or more states on the other, orbetween two or more states, if and insofar as the disputeinvolves any question (whether of law or of fact) on which theexistence or extent of a legal right depends.In addition, Article 32 of the Indian Constitution gives anextensive original jurisdiction to the Supreme Court in regard toenforcement of fundamental rights. It is empowered to issuedirections, orders or writs, including writs in the natureof habeas corpus , mandamus , prohibition , quowarranto and certiorari to enforce them. The Supreme Court hasbeen conferred with power to direct transfer of any civil orcriminal case from one State High Court to another State HighCourt, or from a court subordinate to another State High Courtand supreme court.
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Although the proceedings in the SupremeCourt arise out of the judgement or ordersmade by the subordinate courts, of late the

Supreme Court has started entertainingmatters in which interest of the public atlarge is involved, and the Court may bemoved by any individual or group of personseither by filing a Writ Petition at the FilingCounter of the Court, or by addressing aletter to Hon'ble The Chief Justice ofIndia highlighting the question of publicimportance for invoking this jurisdiction.


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India has a federal government , with electedofficials at the federal (national), state andlocal levels. On a national level, the head of

government , the Prime Minister , is electedin-directly by the people, [citation needed ] througha general election where the leader of themajority winning party is selected to be thePrime Minister. All members of the federallegislature, the Parliament , are directlyelected. Elections in India take place everyfive years by universal adult suffrage .
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State governments in India are the governmentsruling States of India and the chief minister heads thestate government.Power is divided between centralgovernment and state governments. Stategovernment's legislature is bicameral in 6states and unicameral in the rest. Lower house iselected with 5 years term, while in upper house 1/3of the total members in the house gets elected every2 years with 6-year term.Local government function at the basic level. It is thethird level of government apart from central andstate governments. It consists of panchayats in ruralareas and municipalities in urban areas. They areelected directly or indirectly by the people.
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