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Gold Open Access

Gemma Hersh, Policy Director

Entre Pares, Leon

23 September 2014

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What is open access?

• Set of recommendations called the Budapest open access initiative (BOAI)

• In general refers to free, permanent access to research content by anyone

combined with clear guidelines about how they can reuse the content.

• Recent online survey points to 66% of researchers who felt they had a very

good understanding of open access

Two types of open access:

Gold: Green:

• After submission and peer review, an open access publication fee is payable

• Upon publication everyone can immediately and permanently access the article online

• After submission and peer review in a subscription journal, the article is published online

• Subscribers have immediate access

• After a time delay ( embargo period) a copy of the article is available for the public to access for free.

Fieldwork took place from 1 to 26 August 2013 with 6,009 researchers who responded to a survey of 100,433 individuals randomly

selected from Scopus (6% response rate). Format was an online survey (14-18 minutes) using ConfirmIT software.

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100 Open access journals

1600+ Offer gold open access

options

3 Creative Commons

licenses offered

including CC BY

$500- $5000 (US Dollars)

Price range of our OA

fees

Green open access

Elsevier and open access

Expanding our gold options: • Launching new open access

journals

• Rolled out gold options in our

established journals ( over 1600

hybrid titles)

• Waiving policy in place for authors

Improving our systems • Making the author publishing

experience easier

• Improving open access labelling

• Working with our society partners

• Posting policy enables the option to self-archive in all of our journals

• Permit immediate internal use in institutional repositories

• Public access made sustainable after embargo

• Elsevier embargos typically range from 12 – 24 months, with some longer or shorter.

• Piloting ways to facilitate green

open access: • CHORUS • Agreements with funders and

institutions • New repository tools such as

embed PDF and metadata pilots

Gold open access

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3

Elsevier geographical breakdown of gold open access publishing

22% US & Canada

6% Rest of world

10% Unknown 10% Asia

52% Western Europe

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Publishing Process: What changes when going gold?

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Copyright and licenses

Two types of agreement are needed for gold open access publishing:

1. Journal Publishing Agreement/License

• Determines copyright and gives permissions to the publisher to do their job of

publishing research

2. User license

• Such as Creative Commons which defines how readers can reuse their research

Elsevier uses an “exclusive license” when publishing gold open access where author retain copyright.

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User licenses

CC BY 33%

CC BY NC ND

49%

CC BY NC SA 18%

2013 Choice of license from Elsevier authors

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Open access on ScienceDirect

OA information

shown for each

journal

Each open access

article is clearly

labelled

Elsevier has made several enhancements to ScienceDirect to improve open access labelling and discoverability

including:

Click show more to

see license and

funding body

information

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Finding open access on ScienceDirect

Easy filters to refine

search results

Clear labels shown in

search results and

the ability to filter

results lists

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Reasons for disagreeing… • Was not able to include OA publishing fees when proposal

submitted

• Do not want to publish via Open Access journals

• Have other priorities to spend funding on

• Research/ OA publishing is self-funded

“My research funds include sufficient amounts to pay to have my

research articles published open access”

Verbatim comments collected from respondents that agreed/disagreed with this statement from the Elsevier The Researcher Insights Index studies* details in

appendix

Reasons for agreeing… • Employer is willing and able to pay

• The Open Access publishing fee is a small part of

research funds

• It is important that research is published via Open

Access

My research funds is not large enough to cover all the expenses.

Funding is thus used for setting up studies and for travelling to

conference meetings. Open access fees are the last on the

priority list.

Psychology, Belgium, Aged 26-35

Our program is well funded and

Open Access is important to our

research

Chemistry, USA, Aged 56-65

Voice of the researcher on APCs

53% of surveyed researchers

disagreed or strongly

disagreed

23% of surveyed researchers

agreed or strongly agreed

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Total article growth by journal business model

500

750

1000

1250

1500

1750

2000

2250

2500

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013(est.)

No

. o

f a

rtic

les

(T

ho

usa

nd

s)

Year

Open access

Hybrid

Subscription

Open access content: • Currently growing at approx. 20% in

2013

• Amounts to a total article share (hybrid

+ „‟pure‟‟ Gold) of approx.8.2% in 2013

• The total article share of all

immediately accessible OA articles is

12.7% including subsidized open

access

• Elsevier open access growth

amounted to 3500 extra open access

articles in 2013

Subscription content: • Continues to grow year on year at

approx. 3-4%

• Amounts to a total article share of

approx. 87.3% in 2013

• Elsevier subscription growth amounted

to 20,000 extra articles in 2013

There were in 2013, estimated worldwide 2,041,106 published subscription and 297,596 published open access articles

Source: Calculation method draws on an approach pioneered in the 2013 BIS study and has since been proposed as the method to monitor uptake of OA in the UK.

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Reasons for disagreeing… • Was not able to include OA publishing fees when proposal

submitted

• Do not want to publish via Open Access journals

• Have other priorities to spend funding on

• Research/ OA publishing is self-funded

“My research funds include sufficient amounts to pay to have my

research articles published open access”

Verbatim comments collected from respondents that agreed/disagreed with this statement from the Elsevier The Researcher Insights Index studies* details in

appendix

Reasons for agreeing… • Employer is willing and able to pay

• The Open Access publishing fee is a small part of

research funds

• It is important that research is published via Open

Access

My research funds is not large enough to cover all the expenses.

Funding is thus used for setting up studies and for travelling to

conference meetings. Open access fees are the last on the

priority list.

Psychology, Belgium, Aged 26-35

Our program is well funded and

Open Access is important to our

research

Chemistry, USA, Aged 56-65

Voice of the researcher on APCs

53% of surveyed researchers

disagreed or strongly

disagreed

23% of surveyed researchers

agreed or strongly agreed

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ATS License Choice

80%

CC-BY-NC-ND

20%

CC-BY

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2011 2012 2013

Accepted Submissions

Accepted Articles

0

5000

10000

15000

Article Downloads from Cell.com

Downloads

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

en

e-1

3

ma

r-1

3

ma

y-1

3

jul-13

sep-1

3

no

v-1

3

en

e-1

4

Cell

MolecularCell

Cell Reports

Submissions

Case Study: Cell Reports

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Impact on authors:

• Need to pay an open access fee

• Previously published articles in the journal remain

subscription access

• Their journal will no longer have any subscribers

• Everyone can access the new open access articles

published within the journal

• Quality remains the same as only the business model

changes.

Hybrid journals vs. Flipping Journals

In 2014 Elsevier flipped 7 journals to open access due to multiple considerations:

• Did the authors want to publish open access?

• Looked at uptake of gold open access publishing in the journal

• Can ALL the authors pay and was there funding for open access fees?

• Looked at funders and discussed with the editors and authors

• Was the journal in a rapidly expanding or dynamic field?

• Looked at publication rates to see if the journal could support itself under an open

access business model

• Would the journal keep the same quality and impact and better serve their

authors under an open access model?

• We researched if the journal would better serve the community under an open

access business model.

Impact on Subscribers

• Can no longer subscribe to the journals

• Print subscriptions for new papers available at a

deeply discounted rate

• Based on the contract terms and conditions we adjust

list prices and exclude these titles from collection

deals.

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No double dipping

In 2014 Elsevier has:

• Improved OA labels on ScienceDirect to

clearly indicate OA articles.

• Reduced the list price for 27 journals in

2014 due to fall in numbers of subscription

articles.

• Flipped 7 subscription journals to gold

open access.

Reduced the list price by 3.7% in

2014, due to a decline in the

number of subscription articles.

Molecular and Biochemical

Parasitology

We do not to charge subscribers for open access

articles and when calculating subscription prices

only take into account subscription articles

– we do not double dip

Elsevier’s policy

For example:

www.elsevier.com/about/open-access/open-access-policies/no-double-dipping-policy

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Stay tuned to the latest open access news and developments

www.elsevierconnect.com

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Appendix

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$0

$500

$1,000

$1,500

$2,000

$2,500

$3,000

$3,500

$4,000

$4,500

$5,000

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

AP

C P

rice U

S D

ollar

No. of OA journals per publisher

Average APC for hybrid per publisher

$0

$500

$1,000

$1,500

$2,000

$2,500

$3,000

$3,500

$4,000

$4,500

$5,000

0 50 100 150 200 250

AP

C p

rice U

S D

ollar

No. of OA journals per publisher

Average APC for OA journals by publisher

APC pricing CONFIDENTIAL

Open access journals APC pricing

• Average APC by journals is $1,235; for

Elsevier it is slightly higher at $1,558

• Elsevier‟s prices range from $500 - $5000

which increases the average APC.

Hybrid journal APC pricing

• Average APC by journal is $2,644;

for Elsevier it is slightly lower at

$2,467.

• Elsevier has broader distribution of

prices which are tailored to specific

communities.