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Page 1: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM
Page 2: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Associated Particle Neutron Elemental Imaging (API) Creates 3‐D image of object non‐invasively

Page 3: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM
Page 4: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Associated Particle Neutron Elemental Imaging (API) Creates 3‐D image of object non‐invasively

Page 5: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Mf Physics‐A‐920

Page 6: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

DT Fusion Reaction

DT Fusion Reaction

100keV D in 14.1 MeV neutron & 3.5 MeV alpha out

Page 7: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Citation 1

Page 8: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM
Page 9: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Associated Particle Neutron Elemental Imaging (API) Creates 3‐D image of object non‐invasively

Page 10: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM
Page 11: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

particle & neutron from D‐T Fusion travel opposite directions

Time of flight recorded & used to create image. Estimated by time difference between  detection and start of  particle logic gate. [Neutron=5cm/ns  =30cm/ns]. 

Page 12: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM
Page 13: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM
Page 14: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM
Page 15: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Inelastic Scattering Lifetime of excited state is in range of picoseconds Incoming neutron must exceed unique threshold

Page 16: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Thermal Capture De‐excitation occurs in picoseconds Cross section increases with decreasing energy

Page 17: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Activation Not as useful since due to seconds long half lives there can be no alpha gating for imaging. 

Page 18: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Associated Particle Neutron Elemental Imaging (API) Creates 3‐D image of object non‐invasively

Page 19: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Different Gamma ray energies are uniquely associated with different isotopes

Page 20: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Energy Resolution: FWHM  over the mean pulse height of the photopeak

10% compared to 0.1%

Page 21: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM
Page 22: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Alternative to liquid nitrogen Kept at vacuum

Citation 4

Page 23: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Must be pumped out and annealed occasionally to “erase” neutron damage and renew vacuum Annealing helps vacancies and interstitials, created from neutron damage, recombine

Page 24: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM
Page 25: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM
Page 26: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08

Coun

ts per 100

 second

s

Beam Current (mA)

PMT on A‐920 7‐29‐2011

Page 27: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM
Page 28: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Why didn’t that work?  Where did that piece go?  This is too expensive to be broken

Page 29: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Creating documentation on Neutron generators HPGe detectors & associated equipment Data processing tools Maintenance Procedures

Page 30: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

1) Simpson, American Institute of Physics “Compact accelerator neutron generators” (2002) 

2)Thermo‐Scientific.com (06/28/11) 3) Kane, “Detection of special nuclear materials using prompt gamma‐rays from fast and slow neutron induced fission” (2010)

4)ORTEC X‐Cooler II Owners manual 

Page 31: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Photo‐Electric Effect (PE)

Compton Scattering (CS)

Pair Production (PP)

Page 32: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

A gamma‐ray may take multiple interactions to deposit its full energy in a detector

Photon is traveling speed of light through small distance

Output response from detector will be same for multiple interactions as it would have been had the photon deposited all its energy in a single interaction due

Page 33: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Escape of x‐ray from PE‐A few keV Annihilation Radiation‐Positron and an electron annihilate and send two 511keV photons in opposite directions. This Results in no shift, a single escape peak, or a double escape peak

Backscatter peak‐Compton scattering in surrounding materials before reaching detector. Creates peak around 200keV. 

Page 34: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM
Page 35: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM
Page 36: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Occur when energy carrier escapes from detector

Page 37: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Currently in very infant stages of process Would require PPM precision Cross sections may be too small for prompt gamma’s in elements of interest

Dose to patient must be kept relatively low  Currently PET & CT scans give 1‐2 REM dose 

Page 38: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM

Hypoxia‐Deficiency of Oxygen in tissue Promotes growth of tumors Promotes malignancy Greater resistance to treatment

Page 39: Goff Russell REU Final - Purdue University · Microsoft PowerPoint - Goff_Russell_REU_Final.pptx Author: sergei Created Date: 5/29/2013 7:29:55 PM