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  • Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular
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Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1) To explore Some nearby clusters 2) To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3) To understand Globular clusters 4) To learn about What we can determine from clusters 5) To explore the Local region

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Page 1: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

Goal: To understand clusters of starsObjectives:

1) To explore Some nearby clusters2) To understand How clusters in our

galaxy form3) To understand Globular clusters

4) To learn about What we can determine from clusters

5) To explore the Local region

Page 2: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

Nearby clusters• Here are the Hyades

and Pleiades clusters.

• These are two of the closest star clusters to us.

• Which one do you think is closer?

• Top group is Pleiades, bottom is Hyades.

Page 3: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

Nearby clusters• These are called

open clusters (because they are not tightly bound and will eventually drift apart).

• Open clusters are young (usually < 1 billion years old).

Page 4: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

Another cluster

• This is the Urza Major moving cluster.

• Moving clusters are sets of stars that all move in the same direction.

• This means they all came from the same place.

• Age ~ 800 million years

Page 5: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

Another cluster

• This cluster is passing us currently.

• We are just on its outskirts.

• However we are definitely NOT a member of this cluster.

• How can we tell?

Page 6: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

Another cluster

• How can we tell?• Well, our sun is

4.5 billion years old.

• And the cluster is moving by us at 46 km/s.

• 46 km/s = 1 light year per 6000 years

Page 7: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

A bit further out…

• Beehive Cluster (M44)

• 577 light years

• Also about 800 million years old

Page 8: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

So, basically…

• Open clusters are YOUNG clusters that drift apart in about a billion years.

• As viewed from Earth you tend to see the blue high mass stars.

• Those are always young stars as they don’t last long.

• These are clusters with stars of equal age, distance, and composition, but range in mass.

Page 9: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

In our galaxy alone

• We know of over 1000 of these types of clusters.

• However, there are probably far more – maybe even 100,000.

• What happens to the lower mass stars of the cluster after a billion years?

Page 10: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

Globular Clusters

• What is different about this cluster?

Page 11: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

Omega Centauri

• Brightest globular cluster.

• Millions of stars closely packed.

• This is a closed group.

• Close or far away?

Page 12: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

Omega Centauri

• The diameter is only 150 light years.

• Brightest globular cluster.

• It is 15000 light years away!

Page 13: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae

• 2nd brightest. There are about 150 known globular clusters for our galaxy.

• I say for not in because they all are on the outskirts of our galaxy (sort of like suburbs).

• Notice the cluster looks very red – what does that tell you about this cluster?

Page 14: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

NGC 6723

• Where is it on this image?

• NGC 6723 is 30,000 light years away vs 500 light years for the dark spots.

Page 15: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

M15 – from HW4

Page 16: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

Why are clusters important?

• What can we learn by studying a cluster?

Page 17: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

Why are clusters important?

• What can we learn by studying a cluster?• Age of cluster• Distance to cluster• A key step in finding distances to other galaxies.• How stars evolve• How clusters evolve• How our galaxy evolves• How the composition of our galaxy changes with

time• How stars and clusters are formed

Page 18: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

400 light

years

Page 19: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

1500 Light Years

Page 20: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular
Page 21: Goal: To understand clusters of stars Objectives: 1)To explore Some nearby clusters 2)To understand How clusters in our galaxy form 3)To understand Globular

Conclusion

• Clusters are very useful and important.

• All stars star in clusters.

• Open clusters are young clusters in the disk of our galaxy which only stay for about a billion years.

• Globular clusters are old and lie on the outskirts of our galaxy.


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