Goal 7 Objectives: Rise of Goal 7 Objectives: Rise of ProgressivismProgressivism

Chapter 13Chapter 13 Textbook/Lecture/HandoutsTextbook/Lecture/Handouts

7.017.01 Explain the conditions that led to the rise of Explain the conditions that led to the rise of Progressivism.Progressivism.

7.027.02 Analyze how different groups of Americans Analyze how different groups of Americans made economic and political gains in the made economic and political gains in the

Progressive Period.Progressive Period.7.037.03 Evaluate the effects of racial segregation on Evaluate the effects of racial segregation on

different regions and segments of the United different regions and segments of the United States' society.States' society.

7.04 7.04 Examine the impact of technological changes Examine the impact of technological changes on economic, social, and cultural life in the United on economic, social, and cultural life in the United

States.States.

What is Progressivism?What is Progressivism?

Progressivism: a time period when people in Progressivism: a time period when people in American began to favor progress toward better American began to favor progress toward better conditions in government and society conditions in government and society

How was Progressivism in conflict with the idea How was Progressivism in conflict with the idea of “individualism” of the Gilded Age?of “individualism” of the Gilded Age?

Progressive Era runs from about the late 1890’s Progressive Era runs from about the late 1890’s to about 1920to about 1920

Origins of ProgressivismOrigins of Progressivism

While reformers came from all classes and walks of While reformers came from all classes and walks of life, what social class was mainly responsible for this life, what social class was mainly responsible for this social movement?social movement?

The Progressive Era marks the first time that The Progressive Era marks the first time that Americans started thinking that maybe it wasn’t Americans started thinking that maybe it wasn’t always the “fault” of the poor for their situation. always the “fault” of the poor for their situation. ““It is only by a slow and patient inward transformation...laws It is only by a slow and patient inward transformation...laws

aid in bringing about that men are really helped upward in aid in bringing about that men are really helped upward in their struggle for a higher and fuller life” – Pres. Theodore their struggle for a higher and fuller life” – Pres. Theodore RooseveltRoosevelt

Origins of ProgressivismOrigins of Progressivism

There is an intimate relation between a bad There is an intimate relation between a bad environment and bad habits; that bad environment and bad habits; that bad sanitation had not a little to do with bad moral; sanitation had not a little to do with bad moral; that bad ventilation and bad cooking are that bad ventilation and bad cooking are responsible for much drunkenness.” – preacher responsible for much drunkenness.” – preacher of the “Social Gospel”of the “Social Gospel”

What does this quote tell us about Progressivism?What does this quote tell us about Progressivism?

Top Progressive Causes: “Social Top Progressive Causes: “Social Evils”Evils”

Prostitution: Prostitution: 1 in 1 in 110110 women in large cities were prostitutes; $6 women in large cities were prostitutes; $6

week for most factory jobs, $25 a week for week for most factory jobs, $25 a week for prostitutionprostitution

What was the Mann Act? What was it used for most What was the Mann Act? What was it used for most often?often?

• Temperance: Temperance: Why did this tend to be a woman’s Why did this tend to be a woman’s cause?cause?

Saloons tended to also be brothels; Saloons tended to also be brothels; 1880-1900 number of saloons 1880-1900 number of saloons doubled doubled

•Growing divorce rate:Growing divorce rate:started in upper classes, but moved to started in upper classes, but moved to farms and middle class; “cruelty” became farms and middle class; “cruelty” became a new ground for divorcea new ground for divorceWhy did this Progressive effort stall for Why did this Progressive effort stall for the most part?the most part?

Other causes….Other causes….

City officials and corruption (especially in voting; City officials and corruption (especially in voting; The Reign of GiltThe Reign of Gilt) ) Who was Boss Tweed?Who was Boss Tweed?

Trust busting and aim at big business and labor Trust busting and aim at big business and labor conditions (Ida Tarbell, Upton Sinclair *)conditions (Ida Tarbell, Upton Sinclair *)

Minor causes: Paved streets, better drinking water, Minor causes: Paved streets, better drinking water, sanitation, tenement housing reform, trust busting, sanitation, tenement housing reform, trust busting, social welfare, the list goes on….social welfare, the list goes on….

Big BusinessBig Business

From 1897 to 1902: “the great merger From 1897 to 1902: “the great merger movement”, 1,800 companies merged into just movement”, 1,800 companies merged into just 157 (vertical and horizontal integration)157 (vertical and horizontal integration)

Mergers of companies raised price of goods, cut wages for Mergers of companies raised price of goods, cut wages for workers and demanded more productivity, manipulated freight workers and demanded more productivity, manipulated freight chargescharges

What was…?What was…? Laissez-Faire approachLaissez-Faire approach The Progressive Approach (3 things)The Progressive Approach (3 things)

Some Ways to Reform Society (pgs 420-427)Some Ways to Reform Society (pgs 420-427) Muckrakers: Muckrakers: What did that name mean?What did that name mean? Social Gospel: preached salvation through government activismSocial Gospel: preached salvation through government activism Anti Saloon League type groups or “smashers”Anti Saloon League type groups or “smashers” Settlement houses (tripled in 20 years)Settlement houses (tripled in 20 years) Keating Owens Act: made child labor illegal, overruled in 1838Keating Owens Act: made child labor illegal, overruled in 1838 Worker’s compensation lawsWorker’s compensation laws 1717thth Amendment: direct election of Senators Amendment: direct election of Senators 1818thth Prohibition (repealed in 1833) Prohibition (repealed in 1833) Galveston Plan: formed local municipal governmentGalveston Plan: formed local municipal government Women’s collegesWomen’s colleges Meat Inspection Act/Pure Food and Drug Act: result of “The Jungle”Meat Inspection Act/Pure Food and Drug Act: result of “The Jungle” National Consumer League: labeled “goods produced under fair, safe National Consumer League: labeled “goods produced under fair, safe

and healthy working conditionsand healthy working conditions National Association of Colored WomenNational Association of Colored Women 1919thth Amendment Amendment

Limits to ProgressivismLimits to Progressivism

What limited more progress of the Progressive What limited more progress of the Progressive causes?causes?

What’s Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) got to do What’s Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) got to do with it?with it?

““It is the Southern people themselves who must and can It is the Southern people themselves who must and can solve the difficulties that exist in the South.” – T solve the difficulties that exist in the South.” – T RooseveltRoosevelt

W.E.B. Dubois and Booker T. WashingtonW.E.B. Dubois and Booker T. Washington

Teddy Roosevelt President: 1901Teddy Roosevelt President: 1901

Charismatic, and not weak, like the string of past Charismatic, and not weak, like the string of past PresidentsPresidents

How did Roosevelt feel about Progressives? Big How did Roosevelt feel about Progressives? Big business?business?

Started “Square Deal”Started “Square Deal” ““When I say I believe in a square deal, I do not mean to When I say I believe in a square deal, I do not mean to

give every man the best hand. If good cards do not come give every man the best hand. If good cards do not come to any man, or if they do come, and he had not got the to any man, or if they do come, and he had not got the power to play them, that is his affair. All I mean is that power to play them, that is his affair. All I mean is that there shall be no crookedness in the dealing.” – T there shall be no crookedness in the dealing.” – T RooseveltRoosevelt

Was he a Trust Buster?Was he a Trust Buster?

Pursuit of PleasurePursuit of Pleasure

Baseball went from players who were Baseball went from players who were considered “bums” to a “gentlemen’s game” considered “bums” to a “gentlemen’s game” and the most popular sport in Americaand the most popular sport in America

Vaudeville, Ragtime and jazz musicVaudeville, Ragtime and jazz music Silent moviesSilent movies Freud, movies, birth control debate, and Freud, movies, birth control debate, and

attention to prostitution all made sexuality attention to prostitution all made sexuality more open**more open**

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

1.1. How did the conditions of the Gilded Age How did the conditions of the Gilded Age help the causes of the Progressives?help the causes of the Progressives?

2.2. What tactics were most effective in bringing What tactics were most effective in bringing about reforms? Why did these work more about reforms? Why did these work more than others?than others?

3.3. Does society cause government to change or Does society cause government to change or does government cause society to change?does government cause society to change?