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Draft Report Developing a Framework and Content for Environmental Remediation Training

August 22-26, 2011, Vienna, Austria

1. Introduction

A fundamental part of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA’s) mandate is to support the exchange of information among its Member States through the provision of training. Such training provides important foundations for the safe implementation of nuclear technologies, particularly in those Member States that currently are at an early stage of programme development. The Waste Technology Section (WTS) of the IAEA is involved in developing and implementing such training in the area of Environmental Remediation (ER).

The IAEA has concluded that the traditional methods of face-to-face training courses and workshops to disseminate information are sometimes insufficient in producing the best results. By supplementing face-to-face EM training with a curriculum delivered through the medium of the internet and personal computers (eLearning), the WTS considers that the efficiency of its overall training program can be improved.

This report presents the results of a consultancy convened during the period of August 22-26, 2011, to formulate the framework and general content of a combined programme of eLearning and face-to-face ER training. Exhibit 1 provides a listing of the contributors to this consultancy. The discussion and tables presented within this report provide recommendations for the various levels of the ER training programme. In addition, a listing of existing related IAEA resources is appended in Section 9 of the report.

2. Context

The overall objective of the consultancy was to develop a framework for and content of ER training. The specific objectives of the consultants’ work for the week were to populate with suggested content a series of 4 levels of increasingly detailed training (Level 0 through Level 3) on the topic of Environmental Remediation. The contents of the base level – or Level 0 – training course package were formulated, along with suggested contents and a calendar schedule for a Level 1 training course and some input and consideration for the contents of Level 2 training courses. The Level 0 TC was planned as an ‘e-learning package’ for ease of Member State utilization.

Staff members and various other stakeholders working on remediation or individuals with interest in remediation of Legacy Sites and Operating Sites are included in the scope of work envisaged to be addressed in this Environmental Remediation training concept. Also included are staff members and stakeholders working on NORM contaminated sites and areas contaminated from accidents at nuclear sites – these are referred to as operating sites, whilst the legacy sites would be sites previously shutdown operationally but requiring some level of remediation prior to release.

The IAEA Safety Glossary 2007 edition1 defines the term ‘remediation’ as “Any measures that may be carried out to reduce the radiation exposure from existing contamination of land areas through actions 1 IAEA Safety Glossary, 2007 Edition

IAEA Consultancy on Environmental Remediation Training, Draft Report, August 26, 2011 1

applied to the contamination itself (the source) or to the exposure pathways to humans.” The focus of this ER training course material is on radiologically contaminated sites and does not address non-radiologically. In this work the term ‘environmental remediation’ is applied to the problem of the cleanup of a radiologically contaminated environment which consists of one or more combinations of - surface soils, subsurface soils, surface waters and groundwater. Also included is the management of the wastes generated from the remediation activities.

Decommissioning activities and remediation activities at nuclear sites are driven by some common forces, the most fundamental of which is the protection of humans and the environment from sources of contamination. An integrated decommissioning and remediation programme can lead to the optimization of available resources to achieve results faster and at lower costs. This integration is shown in Figure 1.

In developing the ER training programme discussed in this report, the consultancy considered the ER process as presented in a flow diagram in IAEA Safety Guide WS-G-3.1, Remediation Process for Areas Affected by Past Activities and Accidents, 2007. See Figure 2.

Many of the IAEA reference documents on ER activities or topics can and should be used as the basis for this training material – a listing of relevant references is in Section 9.

Figure 1. Integrated Approach to Decommissioning and Remediation2

2 IAEA Nuclear Energy Series, No. NW-T-3.3. Integrated Approach to Planning the Remediation of Sites Undergoing Decommissioning, 2009


Figure 2. The Remediation Process3

3 Safety Guide WS-G-3.1. Remediation Process for Areas Affected by Past Activities and Accidents, 2007.


3. Training concept

In a recent report to the IAEA Rӧhlich, et al (2011)4 provides guidance for training and their associated audiences. The following has been adapted from that report for establishing a training framework for ER:

0. First, it needs to be ensured that the potential participants of the programme will have the basic knowledge necessary to successfully attend such a programme. To this end, an e-learning module with a total duration of 3-6 hours has to be prepared which will include basic information as well as tests and questions which have to be passed by the applicant in advance to being accepted for the programme.

1. Training at level 1 (“awareness training” on ER in general) will be held face-to-face. Typically, such courses should have a duration of one week.

2. Training at level 2 (again face-to-face) should aim at providing more detailed information about selected ER issues but is still targeted to the same general audience as level 1. Level 2 training will form the remaining part of the courses mentioned above but with a notable difference: While the level 1 modules are obligatory for each course, the level 2 courses will be tailored for students selecting single modules or a group of modules from the level 2 curriculum outline which would address in more detail a selected sub-topic of ER.

3. For level 3, training would aim at providing more in-depth knowledge and the skills that are necessary for specific ER jobs with target audiences that are different from the ones to be addressed at levels 0-2. The means of training and teaching for these more detailed courses include face-to-face learning, e-learning, hands-on training, training-on-the-job

Table 1 summarizes the results to ER training programs when this approach is applied. This table shows the proposed training approach, the estimated time involved in the various training programs, as well as the target audience groups.

Level 0 training is planned for a wide ranging audience and will be eLearning based. Level 0 will also be used to screen prospective participants for participation in the Level 1 training. Level 1 training (also referred to as “awareness training” above), will be one week long and will build on the topics covered in Level 0. Level 2 training will be more focused on specific topics and may include site visits, vendor demonstrations and other focused activities. Level 3 training is meant for senior specialized personnel and is meant to address specific detailed topics and to help upgrade the expertise of these personnel when new technologies and methodologies become available.

Attachment 2 is a worksheet developed by the consultancy showing the interrelationship of course content among the levels. The following sections will address each of the levels separately.

4 Rӧhlig, K-J., Plischke, E., and Alexander, R. (2011) Towards A Curriculum For IAEA Training Courses In Radioactive Waste Management, TU Clausthal, August 2011, 108 pp


Table 1 ER Training Summary

Topic LevelsLevel 0 1 2 3Learning Mode eLearning Face-to-face Face-to-face eLearning

and Face-to-face

Duration 6 hours 1 week 1 to 2 weeks per topic VariableTarget Audience Public or stakeholder groups Regulators Regulators Senior

specialists for targeted topics

Regulators Graduates from Level 0 Senior level engineers and scientists

Educational institutions Project managers Project managersJunior engineers and scientists Mid-level engineers and

scientistsTechnical specialist

Prospective Level 1 candidates Construction superintendents Field engineerExecutive management Owner representative Owner representativeFunding entities Select stakeholder members

Technical specialists


4. Level 0

As stated earlier, the ER training programme needs to ensure that potential participants of the face-to-face training provided by IAEA will have the basic knowledge necessary to successfully attend such courses. The Waste Technology Section has indicated that an online eLearning introductory course on ER should be prepared to achieve this basic knowledge. This basic introductory course also could be used by members of the public and stakeholders affected by and interested in ER activities.

The consultancy has suggested an eLearning course of five 1-hour-long modules which will include basic information as well as assessments to be completed successfully to be able to be accepted for higher levels of the training programme. The modules are:

1. Introduction to ER; 2. The ER Planning Process; 3. ER Implementation; 4. Post-Remediation Management; and 5. Implementation examples.

Table 2 includes a listing of these modules, an outline of the areas to be addressed in each module, some direction on the training content for each area, and suggestions for the duration of training areas.


Table 2. Level 0 - Introduction to Environmental Remediation of Radiologically Contaminated Sites

# Section Notes on Contents Duration1. Introduction on ER This module provides a general introduction to environmental management of

radiologically contaminated sites.1 hour Total

1.1. ER: what and why? IAEA definition of remediation. Short description of environmental impacts of contamination and the need to remove sources or interrupt pathways to reduce exposure to public and environmental receptors.

5 min

1.2. Radiological constituents Briefly describe radiological constituents and their main characteristics and potential environmental and human impacts.

15 min

1.2.1. Natural radiological constituents Describe the occurrence and distribution of natural radiological constituents. Discuss their impact on the environment and human health.

1.2.2. Anthropogenic (radiological) contamination

Describe the major sources of anthropogenic contamination and release pathways. Although other organic and inorganic contaminants may be present the rest of these modules will focus only on radiological contamination as per the IAEA mandate. These constituents can be released during nuclear fuel cycle activities and accidents as well as present in NORM.

1.3. Industries and types of contaminants Describes industries will produce contaminants that are associated with the natural occurrence of these materials, the concentration and distribution will change. Manufacturing industries will produce various other forms of radiological contaminants that are dependent on the specific processes.

10 min

1.4. Contaminated media This section describes the various media that can be contaminated as well as example pathways for the contamination.

15 min

1.4.1. Surface soils This section describes surface soils include the top layer directly exposed to the atmosphere plus the shallow materials easily accessed by excavating equipment. The contamination can be related to constituents transported by air or from direct discharge or spills of contaminated materials.

1.4.2. Subsurface soils Describes subsurface soils are the materials from a depth of about 300mm to the water table. In many cases it may be difficult to remove these materials without extensive efforts. The contamination source may be long-term surface releases that infiltrate into the deeper soil layers over time.

1.4.3. Surface water Describes the surface water represents the waters that directly flowing and discharged to surface water bodies such as streams, rivers and lakes. The contamination sources may be discharged directly to the surface water or collected in the surface water as it flows across


contaminated materials. Contaminated surface water can move off site and impact surface water quality away for the site.

1.4.4. Groundwater Discusses how ground water can be impacted by the infiltration of contaminated seepage from above ground or underground sources. Contaminated groundwater can move off site and impact groundwater quality away for the site.

1.4.5. Waste Describes various forms of waste, such as large volume waste resulting from mining activities, waste generated by specific activities such the water treatment sludge, and waste generated from material removal through excavation of contaminated soils, etc.

1.5. Staff disciplines Describes ER typical large teams of people consisting of management/administrative staff as well as highly qualified technical personnel that include engineers, scientists and technicians. The staff manages the project and also executes the work.

15 min

1.6. Roles and responsibilities Discusses about the staff members at an ER project have specific roles and responsibilities. This section describes the roles and responsibilities of the main project staff.

1.6.1. Regulator Describe how the regulators review the proposed ER plans, issue the permits and compile site specific permit requirements. They also visit the site on a regular basis during the ER implementation and enforce the regulatory requirements.

1.6.2. Operator Discusses how the operators provide the financial resources and leadership in the development and implementation of the ER plans. They work closely with the regulators.

1.6.3. Contractor and subcontractors Describes how the operator hires the appropriately qualified contractors and sub-contractors to implement the ER. Technical expertise and experience as well as the proposed costs are considered in the selection process.

Review

2. ER Planning Process 1 Hour Total

2.1. Historic Site Assessment and characterization

1) Describes what an HAS is; what its purposes are (e.g. it identifies potential, likely, or known sources of radioactive material and radioactive contamination). 2) Discusses what activities are involved in site characterization, i.e., gathering radiologic, geologic, hydrogeologic, soil chemistry, waste characteristic information etc to define necessary cleanup and support preparation of plans.

15 min

2.2. Select remediation criteria Discusses pros and cons of dose criteria vs prescribed cleanup levels for individual media. Presents examples of each approach.

15min

2.3. Identify remediation options Discusses the need to compile a list of potential alternatives for each aspect of remediation, and presents a table of some options for each of the potential media.


2.4. Perform options study and select preferred option

Describes an overview of what is involved in an analysis of option/alternatives

2.5. Develop remediation plan, cost estimate and environmental assessment

Presents general format and content for planning documents. 15 min

2.6. Obtain regulatory approval Describes the process of regulatory review, request for additional information and approval.

2.7. Stakeholder engagement Discusses who the stakeholders are, the need for their involvement, and general practices for engagement, including when and how to involve.

2.8. Prepare for implementation 15 min2.8.1. Assemble project team Discusses the makeup of the significant operator and contractor positions to implement the

remediation.2.8.2. Prepare procedures Presents that various procedures and operating plans need to be prepared prior to

beginning the environmental remediation. Standard operating procedures are written instructions that explain the work steps you use to carrying out your construction quality methods and policies.

2.8.3. Mobilization Discusses the general considerations in mobilizing a remediation project, including field offices, temporary laboratories, communications systems, local services and equipment locator lists, transportation and temporary roads, utilities hookup, medical facilities, security controls, obtaining local permits, etc.

Review

3. ER Implementation This element describes the actual activities that will compose the implementation phase of the ER activities at a site requiring remediation.

1.5 hours Total

3.1. Health and safety Describe the health and safety issues associated with performing the ER of a site. Include descriptions of both the radiological as well as the industrial aspects. Provide examples of most common H&S issues based upon industry experience.

20 min

3.2. Emergency planning and site security

Describe the typical issues at an ER site relative to emergency planning and site security concerns. Include discussion of and arrangements for emergency response actions in case of an actual ER associated emergency. (Include as well the issues of site security, fire protection and first aid as well.)

3.3. Staff site specific training Describe the typical training program required to be in place for the regulator staff and the project team and its contractors.

10 min

3.3.1. Health and safety training Describe the health and safety training program concerns for an ER team including radiological as well as industrial safety issues. The content should be based upon the


results of the Job Hazard Analysis process done specifically for the ER project. Lecture should draw out typical issues.

3.3.2. Technical training Describe the technical training program concerns and methods to be used for training the ER team in the implementation of the technical scope of the ER work scope.

3.4. Regulatory oversight Describe the methodology the regulator will need to employ to safely and efficiently perform the oversight of the ER activities. May be able to be extracted from the regulatory body’s inspection manual.

5 min

3.5. Project management Describe the project management methods needs and tools that are available and that can be used to achieve timely and efficient ER implementation. This would include: scope, schedule and budgetary controls available and that should be used at some level appropriate based upon the project’s magnitude.

10 min

3.6. Contaminated media remediation technologies and monitoring

This element describes the various waste media that will be remediated in the field and what variety of available technologies can be considered for implementation based upon the ER characterization and planning activities. Describe the specific ER technologies for remediation of each specific soil contaminant and water contaminant.

25 min

3.6.1. Surface soils Describe some examples of specific typical technologies for remediation of surface soils.3.6.2. Subsurface soils Describe the specific technologies for remediation of subsurface soils.3.6.3. Surface water Describe the specific technologies for remediation of surface waters.3.6.4. Groundwater Describe the specific technologies for remediation of groundwater.3.6.5. Waste Describe the specific technologies for remediation of waste.3.7. QA and QC Describe the project QA and QC methods that are available and that can be used to assure

and control quality aspects of the ER implementation process. This would include the typical quality of work impacting aspects of the ER process.

5 min

3.8. Perform final status survey Describe the process to be used in verifying that the ER process has remediated the soil contaminants to the remediation criteria specified in the Planning documents for the ER activity.

15 min

3.9. Completion report Describe the purpose of and the typical content of the project completion report which should be prepared (including Lessons Learned) at the completion of the ER activity.

Review

4. Post remediation management Describes the decisions and activities to be considered upon ER implementation completion.

0.75 hours Total

4.1. Status of site Describe the options for the end-state condition at a site which was remediated. Describe the different factors to be considered in determining what an appropriate end-state condition might be for a particular ER site.

15 min


4.1.1. Unrestricted release Describe the typical conditions that constitute unrestricted release of a site after ER activities are completed. Describe the circumstances that might be advantageous in arriving at a decision for unrestricted release of the site.

4.1.2. Restricted release Describe the typical conditions that constitute restricted release of a site after ER activities are completed. Describe the variety of site conditions that might be possible to be included if this option is elected as the ER end-state. Describe the circumstances that might be advantageous in arriving at a decision for restricted release of the site.

4.2. Monitoring Describe the program for monitoring of the ER site after the completion of the remediation activities bearing in mind that in most cases no monitoring or only a very limited monitoring of various media and engineered features may be required.

10 min

4.3. Records management Describe the concerns for and features of a records management system to be established for the management of the project records generated from the ER activities.

10 min

4.4. Preventing legacy sites Discusses the life cycle considerations at new operations. 10 minReview

5. ER Implementation examples Describes contaminated media remediation technologies and monitoring. 1.5 hours total

5.1. Surface soils Describes surface soil radioactively contamination, contaminated surface soil characteristics and properties, released radionuclide source and pathways, dose measurement and assessment, site investigation, sampling and analysis, remediation method and technology options (in-situ and ex-situ), selected technology, remediation design, planning, operation and monitoring, lessons learned.

15 min

5.2. Subsurface soils Describes subsurface soil radioactively contamination, contaminated subsurface soil characteristics and properties, released radionuclide source and pathways, dose measurement and assessment, site investigation, sampling and analysis, remediation method and technology options (in-situ and ex-situ), selected technology, remediation design, planning, operation and monitoring, lessons learned.

15 min

5.3. Surface water Describes surface water radioactively contamination, contaminated surface water characteristics and properties, released radionuclide source and pathways, dose measurement and assessment, site investigation, sampling and analysis, remediation method and technology options (in-situ and ex-situ), selected technology, remediation design, planning, operation and monitoring, lessons learned.

15 min

5.4. Groundwater Describes groundwater radioactively contamination, contaminated groundwater characteristics and properties, released radionuclide source and pathways, dose measurement and assessment, site investigation, sampling and analysis, remediation

15 min


method and technology options (in-situ and ex-situ), selected technology, remediation design, planning, operation and monitoring, lessons learned.

5.5. Waste Presents and describes case studies regarding radionuclides contaminated site as waste; waste generation, characteristics and properties; how deal with radionuclides waste as contaminated sites or generated wastes during and after remediation, waste dose measurement and risk assessment, waste treatment storage, transport and disposal; methods and technologies for radioactively contaminated sites: prevention and control, investigation and assessment, minimization, recycling, reuse , treatment, disposal and monitoring; acceptable treatment options and applied method and technology and lessons learned.

15 min

5.5.1. Existing waste Describes case studies regarding radionuclides existing waste as contaminated site; how wastes have generated and their characteristics, properties, dose measurements and risk assessment; methods and technologies for prevention, control, minimizing, reuse, recycling, treatment, disposal and monitoring existing wastes; lessons learned.

10 min

5.5.2. Generated waste Presents case studies regarding radioactively generated wastes during and after site remediation; how deal with generated wastes, dose measurements and risk assessment; generated wastes minimization, recycling, reuse, packing, transportation, storage/disposal options; selected treatment methods and technology; lessons learned.

5 min

ReviewAssessment of Level 0 knowledge gained to obtain certificate of successful completion


5. Level 1

Following successful completion of the online eLearning course on ER, a person involved in ER can move on to higher levels of training offered by IAEA. Level 1, or “awareness training,” would be face-to-face general training that could be taken by a wide range of individuals involved in or associated with ER activities.

The consultancy has suggested that for the ER training programme, Level 1 should be a week-long course addressing all of the contents of the introductory online course in much greater detail. The course would begin with a short review of the online material and an assessment test to help participants know where they need to focus their training efforts. Table 3 presents a schedule for this week-long course, with presentations and their durations clearly identified.


Table 3 Level 1 Training for Environmental Remediation of Radiologically Contaminated SitesOne Week Training Session

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday8:30 – 9:00Welcome and Introductions,

8:30 – 10:15Historic Site Assessment and characterization

8:30 – 10:15Prepare for implementation and site mobilization and ER infrastructure functions (H&S, training, emergency planning, QA/QC, etc.)

8:30 – 9:30Site options and monitoring

8:30 – 10:15Case Study 3*

9:00 – 10:15Review of e-learning module, retake of assessment

9:30 – 10:15Records management

BREAK BREAK BREAK BREAK BREAK10:30 – 11:15Who are involved, disciplines, roles and responsibilities

10:30 – 11:45Criteria and options study

10:30 – 11:15Regulatory site visits and inspections

10:30 – 12:30Review and Assessment

10:30 – 12:00Case study 4*

11:15 – 12:30Radiation safety basics

11:45 – 12:30Plan development and approval

11:15 – 12:30Project management

12:00 – 12:30Closing Remarks

LUNCH LUNCH LUNCH LUNCH LUNCH1:30 – 2:30Construction Health and Safety basics

1:30 – 2:00Plan development and approval (cont.)

1:30 – 3:15Remediation approaches, technologies, etc.

1:30 – 3:15Case Study 1*

2:30 – 3:15Radiological sites and facilities

2:00 – 3:15Stakeholder engagement

BREAK BREAK BREAK BREAK3:30 – 5:00Practical exercise: working in radiological areas

3:30 – 5:00Practical exercise: monitoring, sampling and site characterization equipment

3:45 – 5:00Final status survey and completion report

3:45 – 5:00Case Study 2*

*It is recommended that each case study be prepared according to the following template and include the following topics: Radioactively site specification and properties Released radionuclide/s source/s and pathways Dose measurement and risk assessment Site investigation and characteristics Sampling and analysis procedures and instrumentations Remediation methods and technologies options Selected method and technology Remediation design and implementation Monitoring and lesson learned

Case studies to be tailored to the specific audience and/or to the specific focus of the training course. For general audiences the case studies may be four different project types, e.g. uranium mining,

NORM sites, accident sites and ER associated with decommissioning (representing subsurface soils and groundwater).


6. Level 2 Training

Level 2 training is considered to be face-to-face courses of generally 1-week duration, aimed at providing more detailed information about selected ER issues. For example, a week long course could be developed to address only the Historical Site Assessment and Site Characterization aspect of the ER process. Level 2 courses would be targeted to the same general audience as Level 1, although at a somewhat more experienced level.

Although the consultancy primarily focused on the curricula for Levels 0 and 1 training, a summary has been provided (Table 4) of suggested Level 2 courses that could be tailored for students interested in improving their knowledge in selected sub-topics of ER . The sub-topics are listed and some thoughts on the content of each course.

Table 4 Level 2 ER Training

Course Subject Expected Duration Course Content NotesSite assessment and characterization

1 week Historic site assessment, methodologies, approaches, lessons learned, recalling gaps in information

Methodologies and approaches for characterization of site climate, hydrogeology, geology, surface hydrology, geotechnical engineering, geochemistry, radio-activity, seismicity, etc.

Development of remediation plan

1 week Set remediation criteria based upon historic site assessment and characterization

Identify strategic options Identify technology options and remediation

alternatives Evaluate remediation alternatives and select the

preferred option Develop remediation plan and obtain necessary

approvalsER Technologies and methods5

1 week Identify media for remediation In-situ or ex-situ technologies for each media type Managing treatment wastes and residues

ER Implementation 1 week Develop procedures, train people and prepare plant – for field operations

Prepare/implement site infrastructure functions (H&S, training, emergency planning, QA/QC, etc.)

Mobilization activities Project management and regulatory oversight Project completion report

Regulatory aspects (for regulatory agencies)

1 week Policies and strategies Regulations and guidance Review procedures and Licensing Inspections Periodic monitoring status review Review and acceptance of completion report Establish long term custodianship / terminate site

license

5 Courses under this topic can be varied depending on the needs of the participants, e.g. Attachment 3 provides a detailed outline for a Level 2 training course on Uranium Tailings and Mine Waste.


7. Level 3 Training

Level 3 training would aim at providing more in-depth knowledge and skills that are necessary for specific ER-related jobs with target audiences that are different from the ones to be addressed at levels 0-2. The targeted audience is composed of those individuals wishing to gain experience and learning or refresh knowledge in very specific technical or management areas of ER. The means of training and teaching for these more detailed courses would include face-to-face learning, e-learning, hands-on or on-the-job training, etc. of variable durations depending on the specific subject matter. Curricula or learning programmes and associated opportunities for training already exist for many ER technical areas, and others would still need to be developed. A catalogue should be developed of existing e-learning on-line and face-to-face courses available through various universities and vendors.

For Level 3, the consultancy provides the following list of examples of specifically focused technical areas for ER:

Dose modeling software (RESRAD) Groundwater modeling Environmental assessment Instrumentation and sampling Treatment methods Waste management Project management Site characterization methods Geotechnical considerations Monitoring methods Risk assessment and management Radiation Protection Final status survey measurements, sampling and analysis

8. Future work

At the conclusion of the consultancy the following were identified as follow-up work items for future activities related to ER training content development:

Produce e-learning training modules for Level 0 to be ready for trial before Argonne 2012 training course. Use a variety of presentation techniques and assess their reception by training course attendees.

Develop outlines for each lecture at the Level 1 course. Develop a library of case studies for Level 1. Develop course schedules and lecture outlines for Level 2 courses. Develop a catalogue of existing Level 3 eLearning on-line and face-to-face courses available

through various universities and vendors. Conduct on-going review and assessment of the ER Training Course program framework and

content. This review to also include delivery methodologies.


9. IAEA resources

IAEA Training Courses

Rӧhlig, K-J., Plischke, E., and Alexander, R. (2011) Towards A Curriculum For IAEA Training Courses In Radioactive Waste Management, TU Clausthal, August 2011, 108 pp.

Drafts

Stakeholder Involvement in Environmental Remediation

Policies and Strategies for NORM Management

Policies And Strategies For Environmental Remediation

Lessons Learned In Environmental Remediation

Overcoming Barriers In Implementation Of Environmental Remediation Projects

Existing Agency Documents (newest first)

Integrated Approach to Planning the Remediation of Sites Undergoing Decommissioning. NE Series NW-T-3.3, 2009 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1385_web.pdf

Remediation Process for Areas Affected by Past Activities and Accidents. Safety Standards Series. Safety Guide WS-G-3.1, 2007 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1282_web.pdf

Release of sites and buildings from regulatory control upon the termination of practices. Safety Guide WS-G-5.1, 2006 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1244_web.pdf

Management of Long Term Radiological Liabilities: Stewardship Challenges. TRS-450, 2006 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/TRS450_web.pdf

Remediation of Sites with Mixed Contamination of Radioactive and Other Hazardous Substances TRS-442, 2006 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/TRS442_web.pdf

Remediation of Sites With Dispersed Radioactive Contamination. TRS-424, 2004 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/TRS424_web.pdf

The Long Term Stabilization of Uranium Mill Tailings, TECDOC-1403, 2004 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1403_web.pdf

The Extent of Environmental Contamination by Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) and Technological Options for Mitigation. TRS-419, 2003 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/TRS419_web.pdf

Remediation of Areas Contaminated by Past Activities and Accidents, WS-R-3, 2003 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1176_web.pdf

Management of Radioactive Waste From the Mining and Milling of Ores, Safety Guide No. WS-G-1.2, 2002 http://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publications/pdf/pub1134_scr.pdf


http://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publications/pdf/pub1134_scr.pdf

http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1176_web.pdf


http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/TRS419_web.pdf

http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1403_web.pdf





http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/TRS450_web.pdf




Monitoring and Surveillance of Residues From The Mining and Milling of Uranium and Thorium. Safety Reports Series No 27, 2002 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub1146_scr.pdf

Non-technical Factors Impacting on the Decision Making Processes in Environmental Remediation. TECDOC-1279, 2002 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1279_prn.pdf

Design Criteria for a Worldwide Directory of Radioactively Contaminated Sites (DRCS). TECDOC-1251, 2001 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1251_prn.pdf

Site Characterization Techniques Used in Environmental Restoration Activities. IAEA-TECDOC-1148, 2000 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1148_prn.pdf

Compliance Monitoring for Remediated Sites IAEA-TECDOC-1118, 1999 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1118_prn.pdf

Technical Options for the Remediation of Contaminated Groundwater. IAEA-TECDOC-1088, 1999 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/te_1088_prn.pdf

Technologies for Remediation of Radioactively Contaminated Sites. IAEA-TECDOC-1086, 1999 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/te_1086_prn.pdf

Factors for Formulating a Strategies for Environmental Restoration, IAEA-TECDOC-1032, 1998 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1032_prn.pdf

Characterization of Radioactively Contaminated Sites for Remediation Purposes. IAEA-TECDOC-1017, 1998 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1017_prn.pdf

Planning for environmental restoration of uranium mining and milling sites in Central and Eastern Europe. TECDOC-982, 1997 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_982_prn.pdf

A Directory of Information Resources on Radioactive Waste Management, Decontamination and Decommissioning, and Environmental Restoration. TECDOC-841, 1995 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_841_web.pdf

Planning for environmental restoration of radioactively contaminated sites in central and Eastern Europe. TECDOC-865. (IN 3 VOLUMES), v1. 1993 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_0865v1.pdf , v2. 1996 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_0865v2.pdf, v3. 1996 http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_0865v3.pdf

DOCS PUBLISHED BUT NOT AVAILABLE ONLINE

Applicability and Limitations of Monitored Natural Attenuation at Radioactively Contaminated Sites TRS-445

Planning for Cleanup of Large Areas Contaminated as A Result of A Nuclear Accident. TRS 327.


http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_0865v3.pdf




http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_982_prn.pdf



http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/te_1086_prn.pdf

http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/te_1088_prn.pdf





http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub1146_scr.pdf

Attachment 1

Consultants

UNITED STATESLarry BoingNuclear Engineering DivisionArgonne National Laboratory9700 South Cass Ave.Argonne, IL 60439-4814,USATel: +1-630-252-6729Email: [email protected]

UNITED STATESDaniel M Gillen114 Saratoga PlaceCape CharlesVA, 23310USATel: +1-217-417-0244Email: [email protected]

CANADADirk Van ZylProfessor of Mine Life Cycle ManagementNorman B. Keevil Institute of Mining EngineeringUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver, BCCanadaV6T 1Z4Tel: +1-604-827-3462Email: [email protected]

GERMANYShahrokh PeykarjouSenior Scientist in Environmental Engineering & BiotechnologyET&T -Environmental Training and Transfer GmbHWieblinger Weg 2169123 HeidelbergGermanyTel: +49 6221 4504-43Email: [email protected]: [email protected]

TAJIKISTANBakhtiyor BarotovHead of Licensing sectionNuclear and Radiation Safety Agency (State Regulatory Authority)Academy of Sciences of The Republic of Tajikistan734003, 17 a Kh.Khakimzoda str., Dushanbe, TajikistanTel: +992 37 2242123.Mobile: +992 918 830585Email: [email protected]


mailto:[email protected]






Attachment 2

Level 0 to 2

Environmental Remediation of Radiologically Contaminated Sites

# Level 0 Level 1 Level 21. Introduction on ER Day 1

1.1. ER: what and why? Review of e-learning module Site assessment and characterization (1wk)1.2. Radiological constituents Retake of assessment Development of remediation plan (1wk)1.2.1. Natural radiological constituents Radiation safety basics ER Technologies and methods (1wk)1.2.2. Anthropogenic (radiological)

contaminationConstruction Health and Safety basics ER Implementation (1wk)

1.3. Industries and types of pollutants Radiological sites and facilities Regulatory aspects (for regulatory agencies) (1wk)

1.4. Contaminated media Who are involved, disciplines, roles and responsibilities

Stakeholder engagement (included in number of courses)

1.4.1. Surface soils1.4.2. Subsurface soils Level 3 Examples1.4.3. Surface water1.4.4. Groundwater Dose modeling software (RESRAD)1.4.5. Waste Groundwater modeling1.5. Staff disciplines Instrumentation and sampling1.6. Roles and responsibilities Treatment methods1.6.1. Regulator Waste management1.6.2. Operator Project management1.6.3. Contractor and subcontractors Site characterization methods

Geotechnical considerations2. ER Planning Process Day 2 Monitoring methods

2.1. Historic Site Assessment and characterization

Historic Site Assessment and characterization Risk assessment and management

2.2. Select remediation criteria2.3. Identify remediation options


2.4. Perform options study and select preferred option

Criteria and options study

2.5. Develop remediation plan, cost estimate and environmental assessment

Plan development and approval

2.6. Obtain regulatory approval2.7. Stakeholder engagement Stakeholder engagement2.8. Prepare for implementation Prepare for implementation and site mobilization2.8.1. Assemble project team2.8.2. Prepare procedures2.8.3. Mobilization

3. ER Implementation Day 33.1. Health and safety ER infrastructure functions (H&S, training,

emergency planning, QA/QC, etc.)3.2. Emergency planning and site

security3.3. Staff site specific training3.3.1. Health and safety training3.3.2. Technical training3.4. Regulatory oversight Regulatory site visits and inspections3.5. Project management Project management3.6. Contaminated media remediation

technologies and monitoringRemediation approaches, technologies, etc.

3.6.1. Surface soils3.6.2. Subsurface soils3.6.3. Surface water3.6.4. Groundwater3.6.5. Waste3.7. QA and QC3.8. Perform final status survey Final status survey and completion report3.9. Completion report

4. Post remediation management Day 4 am4.1. Status of site Site options and monitoring


4.1.1. Unrestricted release4.1.2. Restricted release Records management4.2. Monitoring4.3. Records management Quiz4.4. Preventing legacy sites

5. ER Implementation examples Day 4 pm and Day 5 – Case Studies5.1. Surface soils Presentation template5.2. Subsurface soils Four case studies, approximately 1.5 hours each5.3. Surface water5.4. Groundwater5.5. Waste5.5.1. Existing waste5.5.2. Generated waste


Attachment 3

Environmental Remediation of Uranium Mining Sites Focusing on Tailings and Mine Waste Rock

Day Theme Lecture Contents/Notes1 Introduction To Uranium Mine

Waste ManagementProduction processes of uranium mine waste

Mining unit operationsCrushing and grindingUranium extraction chemistry

Characteristics and environmental impacts of uranium mine waste

Physical, chemical and radiological aspects of uranium mine wastePotential impacts to surface water, groundwater and air

Life cycle of uranium mine waste Mine life cycle and specific issues related to uranium mining

Objectives/design criteria for uranium mine waste management

Environmental and human health protection, stakeholder engagement

New And Operating Mines Site characterization Climate and general site

conditions Hydrogeological conditions Surface hydrological conditions

Precipitation, evaporation, temperature, wind speed and directionGroundwater flow conditions, drilling methods, monitoring wellsWatershed characteristics, design events, extreme events

Ore and waste characterization Geotechnical characteristics Geochemical characteristics Radiological characteristics

Sampling and testing for geotechnical, geochemical and radiological laboratory characteristicsInterpretation of results

Reviews And Problem Sets Review of the day’s topics and concepts Review example problems, group work to complete 2 or more extra problems


Day Theme Lecture Contents/Notes2 New And Operating Mines Tailings management

Design requirements Tailings management options Tailings management facility

design and operations Closure design and

implementation

Site specific design requirementsConstruction and operations for site conditionsSlurry, thickened tailings, paste tailings, filter cakeEmbankment construction options, liner systems, tailings managementWater balanceClosure options, long-term containment, monitoring

Heap Heap leach operations and closure Heap leach layout optionsMaterial preparation and heap constructionWater balanceClosure options, long-term containment, monitoring

Waste Rock Management Design requirements Waste rock management options Waste rock management facility

design and operations Closure design and

implementation

Physical stability and environmental controlsSingle lift construction, multiple liftsSite layout and stability evaluationsSurface water controlsClosure options, long-term containment, monitoring



Day Theme Lecture Contents/Notes3 Non-Operating and Abandoned

Mines (Legacy Sites)Site characterization (including waste characterization)

Steps in site characterizationDrilling and samplingLaboratory testing

Risk assessment and alternatives evaluation

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)Remediation goals and objectivesTechnology options, alternative project optionsEvaluation of effectiveness

Remedial design and implementation Selection of preferred alternativeFinal design, construction specifications, construction QA/QC

Cost estimation Construction, maintenance and monitoring cost estimates

Stakeholder Engagement Stakeholder mapping, engagement processes, conflict resolution


Assessment
