glucagon presented by daniel vakili. familiar analogy
TRANSCRIPT
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GLUCAGONPresented By Daniel Vakili
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Familiar Analogy
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Familiar Analogy
GlucagonGlucagon Receptor
Target Tissue with stored glucose
Glucose
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Structure
>29 amino acid polypeptide hormone
>nonsteroid
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Where does it come from?>Synthesized and secreted from alpha cells in the islets of langerhans in the pancreas.
> Cleaved from proglucagon
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Action
>Raise Blood Sugar
- Glycogenolysis
- Gluconeogenesis
>Target tissues
- Liver, Muscle, Fat
>Glucagon and Insulin are part of a feedback system that keep blood sugar at normal levels
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ReceptorG-Protein Coupled Receptor
> Part of the GPCR Family
>Heptahelical
> Extracellular region binds to ligands
> Intracellular region interacts with multi-subunit G-Protein
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Receptor
> Ligand activates
> GDP-GTP
> alpha subunit dissociates
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cAMP: a secondary messengercyclic adenosine monophosphate
Glucagon-Receptor > G-proteins dissociate > α subunit-adenylate cyclase > cAMP > removes inhibitory subunit of PKA
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Normal Blood Values
Insulin and Glucagon normally keep plasma glucose
>below 170mg/dl after a meal (absorptive state)
>above 50mg/dl between meals(postabsorptive state)
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Too Little Glucagon: Hypoglycemia
> Symptoms: tremor, hunger, weakness, weakness, blurred vision, and mental confusion.
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Too Much Glucagon:
>Glucagonoma- tumor of alpha cells resulting in overproduction
> Hyperglycemia
> Ketoacidosis - fatty acids to Ketone bodies
> Gluconeogenesis - Weight loss, anemia, ketoacidosis, diabetes mellitus.
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Conclusion
Glucagon is a hormone antagonist to insulin, signaling the release of glucose from storage into the blood through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
Important for maintaining homeostasis.