globalhealthfiu

7/31/2019 GlobalHealthFIU

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Global Health IssuesLouis Carrillo, Jerry Cherisen, Stephen Ferber, Robert Guido, Mary Keanrs, Mario

Mayes-Romero, Jennifer Pernas, Katiuska Ramierez,

What do you think are some of the most

important issues in global health?


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p g

Biggest global health issues

Access to health care (cost, location,poverty, war, socio-economic factors)

Infectious Diseases (HIV, malaria,pneumonia, TB)

Water (ownership, cost, sanitation)

Tobacco useObesity(beef, sugar etc.)


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BIG numbers (some context)

1 million (about half the population ofMiami)

8 million (about the population of NYC) 20 million (about the population of Florida)

300 million (about the population of the

U.S.) 1.5 billion (about the population of China)

7 billion (about the population of the world)


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Access to health care

The establishment of the World TradeOrganization imposed US style intellectualproperty rights around the world. These rightswere intended to reduce access to generic

medicines and they succeeded.

-Joseph Stiglitz (former World Bank Chief Economist and Nobel Prizewinner for economics)


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The access puzzle

Drug Patents

Poor country or individual

Corruption,violencemismanagement

Discrimination


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Water

Almost 500 childrenwill die during classdue to lack of water

98 cents for cleanwater for one personfor one year

720 million dollars aday were spent thefirst two years inIraq


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Water

Privatization haspriced poor people outof the market

Corporate systemsbring in about $200billion annually; they

serve only about 7%

12 % of humanity use85 % of the water


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Water

~1.1 billion peoplehave inadequateaccess to waterincluding 400 million

children

2.6 billion people

lack basic sanitation

1.4 million childrenwill die each year


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If you live in a slum in Manila, you pay more for your water

than people living in London. --UN Human Development Programme

$35/mo*

$264/mo*

Water Price US $ per Cubic Metre(about 250 gallons)


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They died because it doesnt pay to keep them alive.-Ken Silverstein, Millions for Viagra. Pennies for Diseases of the Poor


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HIV estimated prevalence amongpopulation aged 15-49 years (%), 2007

33.4 millioncurrent cases

2.7 million newcases

2 million deaths

Spreading informer Soviet

States


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Estimated TB Incidence by country 2009

9.4 millions cases1.7 million deaths


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Estimated Deaths due to Malaria per 1000Population, 2006

Over 780,00deaths


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Chronic Respiratory Diseases

4 million deaths annually, 1.4milloin are lung cancer

Increasing prevalence,particularly among children and

elderly people

Major risk factors:

Tobacco smoke

Second hand tobacco smoke Other indoor air pollutants

Outdoor air pollutants

Allergens

Occupational agents


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Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes

CVD = number one cause of deathglobally; 17.3 million deaths

Diabetes: affects 346 million peoplewith 3.4 millions deaths

Over 80% of CVD and Diabetes deathsaffect low-and middle-income countriesand growing More risk factors

Less prevention initiatives or access

More likely to die younger from CVDs Rise of huge middle class in BRIC and other

middle income countries

May reduce GDP between 1-5% in low-and middle-income countries


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Inequality of access to health care

Stems from the perception that health care is a privilege,not a right.

Common misconceptions

Right to health right to be healthy

Present obligations

Finances relevant but not an excuse


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Treatable infectious diseases


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Tobacco use Economic impact:

Health care expenditure treatment of tobacco-relateddisease In Hong Kong (population 6.5 million) the value of direct medicalcare and long term care was $532 million for active smokers and$156 million for passive smokers. (BMJ)

Effect on the family Less productive

Premature death

The poorer the family the greater the impact


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Obesity

Serious problem in US,but what aboutabroad?

Citizens of developingcountries areincreasingly at risk.Why?

Double burden of

disease


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Access to water

The real wild card for political and social unrest in the MiddleEast over the next 20 years is not war, terrorism, orrevolution it is water (Alterman & Dziuban, 2010)

Finite supply of ground water Primarily being depleted through poor management and

reliance on agriculture as an economic basis Consequences

Migration

Political alienation

If water appears to be a free resource, it will continue to betreated as an inexhaustible one (Alterman & Dziuban, 2010).


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Solutions

Government International Agencies

VolunteersNGOs


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Water SolutionsClean water changes lives. Girls return to school.

Women begin small businesses. Men are no longer

too sick to work. Fields are watered and food supply

becomes more reliable. Health returns and childrengrow up to be productive members of their community.

The cycle of poverty is broken. Lives change.

The Bridge Water project Kenya


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http://www.edgeoutreach.com

Water

The Water Project/ Bridge

Water Project partnership

Helped over 125,000

people

Drip System Irrigationo Reduce consumption by

60-80%; more water for

nonagricultural purposes

Desalination technology

o Promising experiments

using nanotubes

Edge Outreach

Distribute and installwater purification systemsin developing countries


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Reducing Lung Disease

Taxation has decreased smoking ratesthroughout rich countries

10% price increase 4-8% drop in tobacco

consumption; particularly in poor and young


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Heart Disease

Millennium Development Goal Provide support to enhance

access to essential medicines

and affordable medical

technology

Patients still face stock-outs or

exorbitant price hikes for basic

essential CVD medicines

Global Strategy onDiet, PhysicalActivity and HealthGlobal

NoncommunicableDisease Network


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Heartbeat International

Pacemaker Program Global network of doctors and hospitals


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Access

NGOs, foreign aid and internationalorganizations have often stepped in toprovide services, medications and supplies

Global Health Workforce Alliance- addressshortage of health workers, response systemfor epidemics and health emergencies


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Project Hope

Develop community clinics in

various countries Provide health education,

donated medical supplies anddrugs

Work with USAID to provide TBand HIV control and treatment inAsia and Africa

Launched the DiabetesEducation Program in Asia and

Central America

Delivering health education, medicines,supplies and volunteers where needed.

http://www.projecthope.org/


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Foreign Aid: Catch-22

Emphasizing development and sustainabilitywith allies

Political instability and loan interest can be

barriers Aid is being tied to good governance

standards

C h


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Catch-22 How do we help those living in countries where

governments are failing or corrupt? What if you know the money will go to waste?

S


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DOTS (Direct Observed Therapy Short-course)

Multidrug pills New shorter therapies

Prevention of transmission AIDS free generation

Vaccines for variety of diseases

Malaria bed nets

However not everyone is benefiting

ID Solutions

How do you treat billions who have no

money?

Collecti e Bargaining


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Collective Bargaining

Green Light Committee

Global Fund, UNITAID, WHO

Medication bought in bulk sold at reducedprices around the world

Programs have to apply, meet requirements

Prevent development of resistance

Affordable Medicines Facility for Malaria;

PEPFAR for Aids


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Price of TB Drugs in 2002

F t


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Future Social Entrepreneurship

Make money saving the world

Plenty of ideas

Soccer balls that provideelectricity

Rats that sniff out landmines

Plenty of opportunities to make adifference

FIU Global Scholars


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References

Alterman, J.B., Dziuban, Michael. (2010). Cleargold: Water as a strategic resource in the MiddleEast. CSIS, District of Columbia.

World Health Organization. (2008). The right tohealth. United Nations, Geneva, Switzerland.

World Health Organization. (2012). Why tobaccois a public health priority. United Nations, Geneva,Switzerland.

World Health Organization. (2011). Obesity andOverweight. United Nations, Geneva, Switzerland.


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References

Prabhat Jha, Rachel Nugent. Challenge PaperChronic Disease. Copenhagen Consensus 2012.2012

Dean Jamison, Prabhat Jha, RamananLaxminarayan. Challenge Paper InfectiousDisease. . Copenhagen Consensus 2012. 2012

World Health Organization. (2012). Why tobaccois a public health priority. United Nations, Geneva,Switzerland.

World Health Organization. (2011). World HealthStatistics 2011. United Nations, Geneva,Switzerland.


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References

World Health Organization. (2009). GlobalHealth Risks: Mortality and Burden ofDisease Attributable to Selected Major Risks.

United Nations, Geneva, Switzerland. World Health Organization. (2008). TheGlobal Burden of Disease. United Nations,Geneva, Switzerland.

World Health Organization Global MapProduction: Public Health Information andGeographic Information Systems. 2011


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References

"Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs)." WorldHealth Organization. Sept. 2011. Web. 4May 2012.

"Chronic Respiratory Diseases." WorldHealth Organization. Web. 4 May 2012.

"Diabetes." World Health Organization.

Aug. 2011. Web. 4 May 2012.


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References

McGhee, S. M., and L. M. Ho. "Cost of Tobacco-related Diseases, including Passive Smoking, inHong Kong." British Medical Journal. 7 Dec.

2005. Web. 10 May 2012..

Scollo, M., and A. Hyland. "Tobacoo." World

Health Organization, May 2012. Web. 5 May2012..


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References

Shah, Anup. (2009, November 29). AIDS aroundthe world. Global Issues. Retrieved fromhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/219/aids-

around-the-world Shah, Anup. (2010, June 6). Water and

Development. Global Issues. Retrieved fromhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/601/water-

and-development
http://www.globalissues.org/article/219/aids-around-the-worldhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/219/aids-around-the-worldhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/601/water-and-developmenthttp://www.globalissues.org/article/601/water-and-developmenthttp://www.globalissues.org/article/601/water-and-developmenthttp://www.globalissues.org/article/601/water-and-developmenthttp://www.globalissues.org/article/601/water-and-developmenthttp://www.globalissues.org/article/601/water-and-developmenthttp://www.globalissues.org/article/601/water-and-developmenthttp://www.globalissues.org/article/219/aids-around-the-worldhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/219/aids-around-the-worldhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/219/aids-around-the-worldhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/219/aids-around-the-worldhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/219/aids-around-the-worldhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/219/aids-around-the-worldhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/219/aids-around-the-world


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References

Shah, Anup. (2010, October 2). PharmaceuticalCorporations and Medical Research. GlobalIssues. Retrieved from

http://www.globalissues.org/article/52/pharmaceutical-corporations-and-medical-research

Shah, Anup. (2011, Sept 22). Health Issues.Global Issues. Retrieved from

http://www.globalissues.org/issue/587/health-issues
http://www.globalissues.org/article/52/pharmaceutical-corporations-and-medical-researchhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/52/pharmaceutical-corporations-and-medical-researchhttp://www.globalissues.org/issue/587/health-issueshttp://www.globalissues.org/issue/587/health-issueshttp://www.globalissues.org/issue/587/health-issueshttp://www.globalissues.org/issue/587/health-issueshttp://www.globalissues.org/issue/587/health-issueshttp://www.globalissues.org/article/52/pharmaceutical-corporations-and-medical-researchhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/52/pharmaceutical-corporations-and-medical-researchhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/52/pharmaceutical-corporations-and-medical-researchhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/52/pharmaceutical-corporations-and-medical-researchhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/52/pharmaceutical-corporations-and-medical-researchhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/52/pharmaceutical-corporations-and-medical-researchhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/52/pharmaceutical-corporations-and-medical-researchhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/52/pharmaceutical-corporations-and-medical-researchhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/52/pharmaceutical-corporations-and-medical-researchhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/52/pharmaceutical-corporations-and-medical-research

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