global climate systems - california state university,...
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Global Climate SystemsI. Earth’s Climate
A. Present Climate and Classification1. Climate components
2. Classification
3. Köppen Climate Classification
III. Global Climate Change
A. Global Warming
I. Earth’s Climate
Climate is weather over time
Climatology is the study of climate
Climatic regions are areas with weather statistics that are similar over time
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Earth’s Present Climate A. Climate Components
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Types of Climate Classification:
Earth’s Present Climate 2. Classification of Climatic Regions
Types of Climate Classification:
Genetic classification: Classification based on causative factors (things like air masses and global circulation)
Empirical classification: Classification based on temperature and precipitation data.temperature and precipitation data.
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Earth’s Present Climate3. Köppen Climate Classification System
Weather data used to create the Köppen Climate ppMaps:
Average monthly temperatures
Average monthly precipitation
Total annual precipitation
Köppen Generalized Climates
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Tropical Climates (A) – equatorial regions, humid, warm
Tropical Climates (A) – equatorial regions, humid, warm
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Dry Arid and Semiarid Climates (B) - deserts and steppes; arid and semiarid regions
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Earth’s Present Climate 3. Köppen Climate Classification System
Mesothermal Climates (C) – humid subtropical, Mediterranean, and marine west coast regions
Earth’s Present Climate3. Köppen Climate Classification System
Mediterranean Climates (Cs)
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Earth’s Present Climate 3. Köppen Climate Classification System
Microthermal Climates (D) – humid continental, subarctic regions
Earth’s Present Climate 3. Köppen Climate Classification System
Polar Climates (E) - polar regions
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Earth’s Present Climate 3. Köppen Climate Classification System
Highland Climates (H) – Found in areas with moderate to high temps., but temperatures here are low due to elevation.
Global Climate Change
A.Global Warming
R f h i i l b lRefers to short-term increases in global temperatures caused by human actions.
Forced fluctuations in climate change are due to human activities.
Unforced fluctuations are natural changes in l b l liglobal climate.
IPCC states that global warming can be attributed to human activities (forced fluctuations).
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Global Climate ChangeA. Global Warming
Global Climate ChangeA. Global Warming
Radiatively active gases that influence global iwarming:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
Nitrous oxide (N20)
Chloroflourocarbons (CFCs)( )
Water vapor
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Global Climate ChangeA. Global Warming
Impact of Global Warming:Impact of Global Warming:
World food supply changes
Natural ecosystems changes
Melting glaciers
Increase in sea level
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Global Climate ChangeA. Global Warming
A i I Di i i
Figure 10.32
Antarctic Ice Disintegration
Global Climate ChangeA. Global Warming
Political Actions:D l t f th K t P t l i 1997Development of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997.Forces more developed countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions collectively by 5.3%United States goal of 7.0% will not be met because President Bush has abandoned the Kyoto Protocol under concerns for theKyoto Protocol under concerns for the economic cost of the emissions reduction.