glencoe world history -...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction
Section 1: China Reunified
Section 2: The Mongols and China
Section 3: Early Japan and Korea
Section 4: India After the Guptas
Section 5: Civilization in Southeast Asia
Visual Summary
Chapter Intro
How does architecture record history?
Angkor Wat is a symbol of Cambodia and appears on its flag. First built by the Khmer as a Hindu temple, it has served as a Buddhist shrine since the fourteenth century. Although most of the walls have carvings of Hindu stories, there are images of the Buddha. In this chapter you will learn about the changes in the Asian world.
• How does the architecture in your city or state relate to its history?
• Which structures have been changed based on their use?
Chapter Intro 1
China Reunified
What was the result of the collapse of the Han dynasty?
Chapter Intro 2
The Mongols and China
What do you think were strengths of the Mongolian military?
Chapter Intro 3
Early Japan and Korea
How did Japan’s geography affect its development?
Chapter Intro 4
India After the Guptas
Which religions had a major impact in Indian society?
Chapter Intro 5
Civilizations in Southeast Asia
Which civilizations most influenced Southeast Asia?
The BIG Idea
Order and Security After centuries of chaos and civil war, three dynasties unified China, bringing peace, stability, and technological progress.
Do you think a written test should be required for all jobs?
A. Yes
B. No
Three Dynasties
The Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties restored peace to China in between periods of chaos and disorder.
• In 581 the Sui dynasty was established. The Sui dynasty is known for unifying China under one emperor.
• Sui Yangdi was the second ruler of the dynasty. He was a cruel ruler, and used forced labor to build the Grand Canal, connecting the Huang He (Yellow River) and Chang Jiang (Yangtze River).
• Oppressive policies led to a rebellion that ended the empire.
SUI DYNASTY
Empires in China, 581–1279
• The Tang dynasty came to power in 618. Tang rulers restored civil service exams for government positions.
• Emperor Tang Xuanzang and other Tang rulers were unable to prevent plotting and corruption in the government.
• Tang rulers hired Uighurs to put down rebellions but continued unrest led to the fall of the dynasty in 907.
• In 960 the Song dynasty came to power. The Song ruled during a time period of economic prosperity and cultural achievement.
• Because of threats from nomadic warriors to the north, the Song moved their capital farther south to Hangzhou.
Dynasties of China
Why did the Tang dynasty hire Uighurs?
A. To build the Grand Canal
B. To build the Great Wall
C. To defend the empire from nomadic warriors
D. To defend the empire from rebellions
For 700 years, the Chinese economy grew in size and sophistication.
• During the rule of the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties, the Chinese government and economy grew in size and complexity.
• The Song government weakened the power of large landholders and helped poor peasants get their own land, which led to an abundance of food.
Government and Economy (cont.)
• The economy was still based on agriculture, but technological advances led to development of steel and gunpowder.
Government and Economy (cont.)
•Gunpowder was invented during the Tang
Dynasty
• Used to make explosives and a weapon
called a fire-lance. A weapon that shot out
flames and projectiles up to 40 yards.
Government and Economy (cont.)
• International and domestic trade also increased and the Silk Road was renewed with trade of Porcelain, silk, and tea.
•Woodblock printing was developed during
the Tang Dynasty. Books could now be
mass produced.
•First complete book to be printed was a
Buddhist work.
What did the Chinese not export via the Silk Road?
A. Porcelain
B. Ivory
C. Silk
D. Tea
• In the late 1200s, the Italian merchant Marco Polo described Hangzhou as one of the largest and most beautiful cities in the world.
• Chinese society developed into a complex mixture of landowners, free peasants, sharecroppers, and landless laborers.
• Most significant was the rise of the landed gentry, called the scholar-gentry, who became the political and economic elite of Chinese society.
• Few women had any power. An exception was Wu Zhao, known as Empress Wu, who ruled for half a century.
• When a woman was married, her family was expected to give a dowry to the husband. Poor families sold their daughters.
Chinese Society (cont.)
- chess - playing cards - horseback riding
Which of the following is an example of a dowry?
A. Civil service exam
B. Sharecropper
C. Money
D. Block printing
At the end of this section be able to:
Identify the characteristics of the Mongol Empire
Locate and describe the geographic patterns of conquest and expansion.
The BIG Idea
Ideas, Beliefs, and Values Shifts in religious belief caused major changes in the organization of Chinese society, which were intensified when the Mongol Empire conquered China.
Content Vocabulary
• khanate
• neo-Confucianism
• porcelain
Academic Vocabulary
• acquired
• available
• vision
People and Places
• Mongolia
• Genghis Khan
• Gobi
• Kublai Khan
• Beijing
A. A
B. B
Military innovations are necessary to become an empire.
A. Agree
B. Disagree
The Mongols
The Mongols created the world’s largest land empire by conquering all of China.
• The Mongols under Genghis Khan created the largest land empire ever. The Mongols were a pastoral people from the Gobi in what is present-day Mongolia.
• In 1206 Genghis Khan was elected the ruler and immediately devoted his life to conquest.
• Upon Genghis Khan’s death in 1227, the empire was divided into khanates.
The Mongols (cont.)
Mongol Empire, 1294
• In 1279, Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan, conquered the Song dynasty and established the Yuan dynasty in China.
• Kublai Khan established his capital at Khanbalik, in what is present-day Beijing.
• While the Mongols were successful in ruling China, they were unsuccessful in attacking Southwest Asia because of tropical and hilly regions.
The Mongols (cont.)
The Mongol Dynasty in China
The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan,
A. Brought much of Eurasian under a single rule, creating the largest land empire in history.
B. Used tactics that were especially effective in tropical and hilly regions
C. Only concern was to conquer the islands of Java and Sumatra
D. Defeated every army that challenged them, except Vietnamese.
The Mongol Dynasty eventually
fell victim to
Why were the Mongols unsuccessful in attacking Southwest Asia?
A. Their cavalry charges were not effective in tropical regions.
B. They did not have the navy to support long wars.
C. A disease epidemic ravaged the Mongolian army.
D. Kublai Khan was killed while fighting in Southwest Asia.
Religion and Government
By the time of the Sui and Tang dynasties, Buddhism and Daoism had emerged to rival Confucianism.
• Buddhism and Daoism became increasingly popular during the Tang dynasty.
• Buddhist monasteries acquired thousands of acres of lands and serfs.
• Buddhists taught that everything in the material world is an illusion. This was contrary to Confucian teachings of devotion to family and work.
Religion and Government (cont.)
• Beginning in the Song dynasty, government officials supported neo-Confucianism, which stated that the world is real and that satisfaction comes from participation.
• Buddhism no longer enjoyed state support.
Religion and Government (cont.)
Religion and Government (cont.)
•Buddhism was attacked for being a foreign
religion
•Monasteries held lands and serfs, and with
this came corruption
•Government destroyed many Buddhist
temples and official support went to a
revived Confucianism.
Why did Buddhism become unpopular with the Chinese government?
A. It taught about equality for everyone.
B. It taught that rebellions were justified.
C. The Buddhists were mostly non-Chinese.
D. It was contrary to Confucian ideals beliefs of devotion to family and work.
A Golden Age in Literature and Art
-Please Read Pages 256-257
-Write a 2 paragraph summary on the
rise of literature and art, and how it
made an impact on Chinese Society
-Be prepared to share
ASSIGNMENT
• The golden age of Chinese literature occurred during the Tang and Ming dynasties.
• The invention of the printing press helped to make literature more available to people.
• Poetry, as expressed by Tang-era poets Li Bo and Du Fu, was especially important to Chinese literature.
A Golden Age in Literature and Art (cont.)
• Painting was an important art form during imperial China. Influenced by the Daoist vision, landscape painting reached its height.
• Tang artisans perfected the making of porcelain.
A Golden Age in Literature and Art (cont.)
What inspired the Chinese painters to paint scenes of nature?
A. Buddhism
B. Daoism
C. Confucianism
D. Hinduism
The BIG Idea
Physical Geography The geography of Japan, a string of islands, and of Korea, a peninsula bordering China, have had a huge impact on their respective histories.
Content Vocabulary
• samurai
• Bushido
• shogun
• daimyo
• Shinto
• Zen
Academic Vocabulary
• revenue • code
A. A
B. B
Centralized power is the only way a successful government can govern.
A. Agree
B. Disagree
Early Japan
Japan’s history has been marked by power struggles between rulers and independent families.
• Early Japanese society was made up of a small ruling class of aristocrats and a large population of farmers.
• Prince Shōtoku Taishi tried to unify the clans of Japan. He emulated the Chinese system of government and established centralized power.
Early Japan (cont.)
Early Japan
• In the Nara Period, the emperor began to call himself the “Son of Heaven.”
• The aristocrats kept tax revenues for themselves, and the centralized national government lost power and influence.
Early Japan (cont.)
Mongol Campaigns, 1200s
• The samurai lived by a warrior code known as Bushido (“The way of the warrior”).
• Above all samurai (“those who serve”) were loyal to their lord and employer.
Early Japan (cont.)
• During the Heian Period there was little centralized power, so the aristocratic families sought the protection of samurai.
• Minamoto Yoritomo defeated the rival clans and set up a centralized government under the control of a shogun.
• Fighting the Mongols put a strain on the political system and the shogunate was overthrown.
• The collapse of central rule coincided with the rise of daimyo. The noble families constantly warred with each other, and by 1500, Japan was in chaos.
Early Japan (cont.)
What gave rise to the samurai?
A. The lack of soldiers
B. The lack of central authority
C. The need to protect the emperor from internal strife
D. The need to protect Japanese trade
Life in Early Japan
Japan’s small size and relative isolation have had a major effect on the development of its economy, religion, and culture.
• Farming provided the basis of the Japanese economy, although only about 11% of the land was tillable.
• Japan traded raw materials and manufactured items for silk, porcelain, books, and copper coins.
Life in Early Japan (cont.)
In Japanese society, women were subordinate to men.
Aristocratic women were active in society and the arts.
Women worked in roles as farmers, salespersons, and entertainers
• A husband could divorce on the grounds of talking to much, having a serious illness, or being unable to produce a male child.
• Japanese religion was centered around the worship of spirits (kami) and became known as Shinto (“ the Sacred Way”)
• Among aristocrats, a sect of Buddhism known as Zen became popular. Zen would be adopted by the samurai as well.
• According to Zen, there are different ways to achieve enlightenment, a state of pure being.
Life in Early Japan (cont.)
Which of the following groups accepted Zen Buddhism in early Japan?
A. Samurai
B. Merchants
C. Peasants
D. Women
The Emergence of Korea
-Please Read Page 283
-Write a 2 paragraph summary on “The
Emergence of Korea, and how it was
influenced by the presence of
dominating neighbors.
-Be prepared to share
ASSIGNMENT
The Emergence of Korea
The early history of Korea was marked by the presence of dominating neighbors.
• Korea is a mountainous peninsula. Its proximity to China and Japan has greatly influenced Korean history.
• The Koryo dynasty emulated Chinese political systems.
• The Koryo accepted Mongol rule in the thirteenth century. This led to the fall of the dynasty.
• In 1392 Yi Sŏng-gye seized power and founded the Yi dynasty.
The Emergence of Korea (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
Which of the following groups did not influence Korean history?
A. Mongols
B. Persians
C. Japanese
D. Chinese
The BIG Idea
Ideas, Beliefs, and Values When Islamic peoples conquered much of India, tension arose between the Muslim rulers and the majority Hindu population.
Content Vocabulary
• Theravada
• Mahayana
Academic Vocabulary
• retained
• traditional
People and Places
• Ghazna (Ghaznī)
• Mahmūd of Ghazna
• Rajputs
• sultanate of Delhi
• Timur Lenk
• Samarqand
• Moguls
• Dandin
A. A
B. B
Do you think religion, society, and culture are impacted by one another?
A. Yes
B. No
The Impact of Religion
Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam all influenced the development of India.
• The people of India retained a widespread acceptance of Buddhism for centuries.
• People did not always agree on the teachings of Buddha, and split, in Buddhism occurred.
The Impact of Religion (cont.)
Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam in India
• The followers who believed Buddhism was a life philosophy became known as the school of Theravada.
Theravada
• The followers who believed Buddhism was a religion became known as the school of Mahayana.
Mahayana
ASSIGNMENT:
Look on page 284. Create a graphic
organizer that highlights the thoughts
of both groups.
See Graphic Organizer on Next Slide
BUDDHISM
Theravada Mahayana
NOTE: THERE IS ROOM FOR THIS IN
YOUR NOTES.
PAGE 284
• Buddhism eventually lost influence in India although it was transported abroad with much success.
• Early in the eighth century Arab armies brought Islam to northwest India. In the tenth century rebellious Turkish slaves founded the Islamic state of Ghazna (Ghaznī).
Decline of Buddhism
• Timur Lenk attacked the capital of Delhi in the fourteenth century. He massacred as many as 100,000 Hindu prisoners at the gates of the city.
The Impact of Religion (cont.)
• In 997, Mahmūd of Ghazna attacked Hindu kingdoms to the southeast. Mahmūd’s forces defeated the Rajputs and extended Muslim power to the new state of the sultanate of Delhi.
Indian Society and Culture
The ruling class of India was made up of Muslims, but some members of the Hindu population also prospered. The rich culture of India was reflected in its art, literature, architecture, and technological advances.
• Muslim rulers in India maintained strict separation between Muslims and Hindus. This relationship led to suspicion and distrust between the two groups.
• India’s location and traditional trade routes made it a center for trade between Southwest and East Asia.
• Between 500 and 1500, religious architecture in India developed from caves to magnificent structures such as Hindu temples and towers.
Indian Society and Culture (cont.)
The BIG Idea
Physical Geography The mountains, river valleys, and islands of Southeast Asia had a major effect on its political, cultural, and economic development.
Content Vocabulary
• archipelago
• agricultural society
• trading society
Academic Vocabulary
• region
• area
People and Places
• Malay Peninsula
• Vietnam
• Angkor
• Jayavarman
• Pagan
• Thai
• Thailand
• Strait of Malacca
• Melaka
The Formation of States
The geography of Southeast Asia led to the development of distinct cultures throughout the region.
• The region known today as Southeast Asia is dominated by a mainland that extends from China to the Malay Peninsula, and an archipelago which includes Indonesia and the Philippines.
The Formation of States (cont.)
Southeast Asia, 1200
• The area of Southeast Asia contains a vast array of races, cultures, and religions. The geographical barriers of the region encouraged the development of separate cultures.
• Vietnam was one of the first states to develop its own identity.
• Vietnam was heavily influenced by China, as Vietnam warred with its neighbor and eventually copied its system of government.
The Formation of States (cont.)
• Jayavarman II united the Khmer people and created the kingdom of Angkor in the ninth century.
• The proximity to enemies, such as the Burmese kingdom of Pagan and the arrival of the Thai people in 1300, signaled the end of the Angkor Kingdom.
The Formation of States (cont.)
States of Southeast Asia, 111 B.C.–A.D. 1600
• The Thai people established their empire on the Chao Phraya River. They were influenced by a combination of Hindu and Buddhist beliefs which became the modern culture of Thailand.
• The inhabitants of Burma were a pastoral people who grew wealthy and influential from trade in the region.
The Formation of States (cont.)
• The Malay region was divided between the mainland peninsula and the islands of Indonesia. This kingdom was never unified because of geographical barriers.
• The people of the Malay kingdom grew wealthy from controlling trade passing through the Strait of Malacca.
• The Muslim city of Melaka became an important trading post on the peninsula. It was also influential in the spread of Islam in the region.
The Formation of States (cont.)
Life in Southeast Asia
The growth of the states of Southeast Asia depended largely on trade and agriculture.
• The states of Southeast Asia can be categorized into two groups: agricultural societies and trading societies.
• Economic and political power in Southeast Asia was held by hereditary aristocrats. Farmers, fishermen, artisans, and merchants comprised the rest of the society.
Life in Southeast Asia (cont.)
• Women in Southeast Asia received more rights than in proximate regions.
• Hinduism and Buddhism were both popular in Southeast Asia, and Theravada Buddhism eventually became the religion of the masses.
Life in Southeast Asia (cont.)
