glenbuck wind farm environmental impact statement one: environmental impact assessment (on which...

VOLUME 3 NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY

OCTOBER 2006

TCI Renewables, The Old Throne Hospital,

244 Whitewell Rd, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT36 7ES

T +44 (0) 28 90 371 122 F +44 (0) 28 90 775 220

Glenbuck Wind Farm

Environmental Impact Statement

Intelligent Solutions

Glenbuck Wind Farm Environmental Impact Statement: Vol 3

© TCI Renewables Ltd 2006 2

Environmental Impact Statement Non Technical Summary Volume 3 Table of Contents Introduction 3-4 The Planning Application 3 The Applicant 4 Part A – Context for the Proposed Development 5-15 1.0 Wind Energy Overview 5 2.0 Site Description 5 3.0 Proposed Development 7-9 The Construction Phase 7 The Operation Phase 8 The Decommissioning Phase 9 4.0 Legislation & Policy Context 9 5.0 Site Selection & Alternatives Considered 12-14 - 5.1 Site Selection 12 - 5.2 Turbine Selection 13 6.0 Consultation 14 7.0 Benefits of the Proposed Development 15 Part B – Assessment of the Proposed Development 17-50 8.0 Environmental Impact Assessment of the Proposal 17 Landscape and Visual 17 Ecology – Flora & Fauna 21 – Ornitohology 24 Noise 27 Geology & Hydrology 34 Haulage & Roads 40 Shadow Flicker & Reflectivity 43 Electromagnetic Interference 44 Archaeology & Heritage 45

Air & Climate 46 Socio-Economic & Wider Benefits 46 Health & Safety 47 9.0 Overview of Mitigation Issues 48 10.0 Conclusions 49 Further Information 50



Introduction Non Technical Summary: Overview

This non-technical summary (NTS) is the third volume of the Environmental Impact Statement (ES), which describes the potential environmental impacts of the proposed development of a five turbine wind farm on land at Glenbuck, Dunloy, Co. Antrim.

The other two volumes, which comprise the ES, are:

Volume One: Environmental Impact Assessment (on which this summary is based)

Volume Two: Appendices (including Technical reports)

As the title implies, this NTS summarises in non-technical terms the findings of the EIA as set out fully in Volumes One and Two.

The Planning Application

This EIA was prepared in support of a full planning application for a five turbine wind farm of up to 15MW capacity, associated transformers and electric cabling, access tracks, temporary construction compound, permanent substation, road improvement and all associated ancillary site works. The site address is defined as “land approximately 1km north of 81 Glenbuck Road, Dunloy, Co. Antrim”.

This information will aid the Planning Service in making an assessment of the potential environmental impacts of the proposed development.

This non-technical summary follows the Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1999. In accordance with this legislation the non-technical summary provides a summary of the following:

A description of the physical characteristics of the whole development and the land use requirements during the construction and operation phases;

An overview of the description of the energy, planning and environmental policy context of wind energy development in Northern Ireland;

A description of the main characteristics of the production process, including the nature and quantity of the materials used;

An estimate of the type and quantity of expected residues and emissions resulting from the operation of the proposed development;

An outline of the main alternatives considered by the developer and an indication of the main reasons for this choice, taking into account the environmental effects;

A description of the aspects of the environment likely to be affected by the development including, population, flora, fauna, soil, water, air, climate, archaeological heritage, and landscape;

A description of the likely significant effects of the development on the environment, including direct, indirect, secondary, cumulative, short, medium and long-term,



permanent, temporary, positive and negative effects resulting from the existence of the development, the use of natural resources, the emission of pollutants, the creation of nuisances and the elimination of waste; and,

A description of the measures envisaged to prevent, reduce and where possible offset any significant adverse effects on the environment.

The Applicant

TCI Renewables. Ltd is making the application for Planning Permission at this site on behalf of Dunloy Developments Ltd. This is a special purpose vehicle Company formed solely for the development of the wind farm at Glenbuck. TCI Renewables, who compiled the Environmental Impact Statement, is a Belfast based company which was launched in July 2005. It is an independent wind development Company offering turn-key wind energy solutions to its broad client base. The Company was created with the vision of combining the strengths of its parent company TCI into a new organisation with the resources and expertise to effectively and sustainably develop wind development projects around the world.

TCI Renewables staff have over thirty years combined experience in the delivery of renewable energy projects especially in the Northern Ireland market place. TCI Renewables has experience in all aspects of planning, development, design, build, operations and maintenance and management of wind farm projects throughout Northern Ireland, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Europe.



Part A Context for the Proposed Development

Section 1.0 - Wind Energy Overview

Northern Ireland has an abundant wind resource with some of the highest mean average wind speeds in the Continent of Europe. It is essential this natural resource is harnessed and the development of the wind industry has evolved greatly in the last decade or so. Wind Turbine technology has developed significantly over this time period and turbines can now produce large economic outputs with minimal environmental impacts.

In fact the production of energy from a wind turbine produces no direct atmospheric pollutants, including, those which contribute to the effects of climate change. A wind turbine will also contribute to the continued reduction of those harmful pollutants created by the burning of fossil fuels (coal, gas and oil) in energy production, all of which are imported into Northern Ireland.

The promotion of renewable energy is now Government Policy and can be seen to be supported by such measures as the Climate Change Levy, Northern Ireland Non Fossil Fuel Obligation NINFFO, various grant schemes from Clearskies and Action Renewables, Energy Demonstration Scheme and the extension of the Renewables Obligation to Northern Ireland from April 2005. In addition the Government also purchases approximately 20% of its electrical energy for the Government Estate from renewable sources.

The generation of wind power is not a new phenomenon and it has an excellent success level throughout the world. Wind Energy worldwide reached over 40,000MW of installed capacity (Renewable Energy World Magazine July-August 2004 Publication Pg58) as of year ending 2003. In fact wind power accounted for nearly 0.5% of the world’s total electricity supply during this period. This level of carbon abatement is set to increase much further with progressive Climate Change Government Policy as a result of the Kyoto Protocol.

Section 2.0 - Site Description

The proposed development site is located approximately two kilometres south west of Dunloy, Ballymoney, County Antrim. The site lies adjacent to the Long Mountain landscape character area and is an area of open worked-out bog land, grassland and scrub in the town land known as Glenbuck, which is accessed off Glenbuck Road. The closest large town to the proposed turbine development is Ballymoney, which is approximately 9km to the northeast.

The proposed turbine locations are situated in a horseshoe shaped pattern towards the back end of a single 123.29-hectare field, which forms part of Calderwood Farm. This is a single farm holding of multiple fields with a total area of 152.55 hectares. The topography of the area is essentially flat with a ground height of 200m ASL with two slightly elevated rocky outcrop plateaux.

The map overleaf in Figure 2.0 shows the finalised turbine layout for the proposed wind farm (Numbered 1-5) and accompanying meteorological mast (Labelled A1), please note that WTG 6 forms part of a separate Planning Application already submitted in July 2005 (Planning Application No: D/2005/0628) and is not part of this proposed wind farm application. This layout has been optimised to provide the maximum renewable electricity generation using the minimum number of turbines. The turbines had to be suitably spaced to maximise performance and meet manufacturers warranty conditions whilst respecting the local habitat flora and fauna.



Figure 2.0 Map showing proposed wind turbine layout, met mast and the existing single wind turbine (No 6) which was submitted for Planning Permission in July 2005

Section 3.0 The Proposed Development The proposed development is for a five turbine wind farm up to 15MW in capacity, associated transformers, substation building, electric cabling, access tracks, temporary construction compound, road improvements and all associated ancillary site works. The



development has three distinct stages: construction, operation and decommissioning, which are reviewed in this section:

THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE

THE TURBINES

The turbines would be of a modern, quiet design, incorporating a tapered tubular tower and three blades attached to a nacelle housing containing the generator, gearbox and other operating equipment. The turbine towers will be fixed to the ground by a concrete foundation, whose surface will be just above ground level. Each foundation will require an open excavation area of 19.5m x 19.5m to incorporate the tower base and foundation loading, which has dimensions of 4.15 metres wide at its base and about 2.3 metres wide at the top. Each foundation in will comprise up to 689m3 of concrete and 60 tonnes of steel bar reinforcement. Subsequent to the pouring and curing of each concrete base the foundation will be overburdened with stone at a depth of approx 1m, leaving only 0.55 meters of the tower base flange. The transformers for the turbines will be contained in small galvanised steel cubicles alongside the turbine bases, which measure 2.5m x 2.25m x 2.2m. The turbines will operate fully independently and automatically.

The final choice of turbines has still to be determined basically due to continual technological advances (during the planning process timeline), model availability, performance and delivery lead times. These anomalies make it very difficult to commit to a certain model as it may (after planning permission is granted) no longer be available to purchase. There are currently five turbine models being considered, all very similar in overall height characteristics but varying in power production capabilities.

THE CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME

The construction programme can be split into three main areas – site preparation, site construction and site reinstatement. The main construction period could last in the region of up to 9 months, from commencement of site investigation, survey and detailed design work and construction, through to the installation and commissioning of the turbines and ending with full site reinstatement.

Northern Ireland Electricity will provide the grid connection including design of the route and will operate and maintain the connection systems. Northern Ireland Electricity will be responsible for preparing a separate planning application for this aspect of the development.

HAULAGE & SITE ACCESS

The delivery of the wind turbines will be carried out by the supplier and a specialist haulage contractor. Due to the length and width of the turbine component deliveries there will be a requirement for the use of PSNI escorts and traffic management procedures to be utilised. As this is a relatively small wind farm of only five turbines, the level of disruption to members of the public will be minimal. The turbine delivery will contain the following components:

3 tower sections – length up to 30m (98ft) with tapering widths from 4.2m (13.7ft) base to 2.3m (7.5ft) top section with a weight of 154 tonnes

3 blades – length up to 45m (146ft) with a maximum weight of up to 8.7 tonnes per blade

1 Nacelle – up to 68 tonnes

1 Rotor – up to 40 tonnes



Total Height Maximum = Up to 125m Maximum

Total Weight = 262 tonnes per turbine constructed

The route for these vehicles (given their size) required considerable detailed planning, several routes were identified and all junctions examined for potential problems such as street furniture, signage, services, drainage, verges and widening issues. When the most appropriate route was chosen, it was driven by the turbine manufacturers delivery specialist and all necessary mitigations required noted. The confirmed route will be agreed with the DOE Roads Service prior to the any haulage taking place, and all mitigation placed into required contracts. This will be carried out whilst the wind farm development is in the planning process.

Once the turbines arrive at the site an adequate turning circle is required to allow entry onto the site track, this will require an alteration to the existing current access off Glenbuck Road to allow suitable visibility. TCI Renewables will utilise the long existing access track which minimises the amount of new track required and improves the environmental efficiency of the development. Indeed the amount of new track is small by comparison to most wind farm developments.

CABLING & GRID CONNECTION

The wind turbines envisaged for use on the site would produce electricity at 690V. This would be transformed to 33kV using a transformer. From the transformer, cables would be laid underground and over ground to connect with the Grid Connection Equipment supplied by NIE.

The project would be connected to the local grid network operated by Northern Ireland Electricity. It is proposed that the supply would be derived from a newly constructed 33kV line connecting from Ballymoney down to the site. The installation will comply with the requirements of the Northern Ireland Grid Code. All necessary switchgear, isolators, current and voltage transformers and protection relays will be provided to the requirements of G59/1/NI to ensure safety. The connection of the generator to NIE’s system will be subject to the requirements of a Generator Agreement.

THE OPERATION PHASE

OPERATION PHASE

The operational lifetime of the wind turbines is expected to be approximately 20 years. During this period the routine operation and monitoring will be carried out with the assistance of a computerised control system. Whilst the turbines are under warranty from the manufacturer the responsibility for operations and maintenance is under their remit, however once this has elapsed a wind turbine O&M Company with relevant experience will be contracted to ensure the turbines operate at optimum performance levels.

Modern wind turbines are designed and built to established safety standards and have an excellent safety record. Turbine control and monitoring systems operate with several levels of redundancy to protect the plant from damage. In the case of faults arising, including over speed of the blades, overpower production or loss of grid connection, turbines shut down automatically via fail-safe braking mechanisms. In addition, turbines are fitted with vibration sensors so that if a blade was damaged, or unbalanced due to the formation of ice on blades, the turbine automatically shuts down.

A very small number of wind turbines have been known to lose parts of the rotor assembly through accidental damage such as lightning or mechanical failure. With over 30,000 wind turbines operating throughout the world, no report has been identified of any



accidents involving the general public with respect to the normal operation of wind turbines. Indeed Altahullion Wind Farm near Dunloy, Co.Londonderry has a dedicated “tourist turbine” where members of the public are free to walk up to the turbine and observe the operation. Normal farming practices can also continue on the site. Transformers and other electrical equipment will be housed securely within turbine towers.

OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE TRAFFIC Following completion of construction the wind turbine will be unmanned, with the turbine being monitored by remote Internet computer links. When routine maintenance or inspection is required, two personnel will access the site in a small 4x4 or light vehicle using existing access tracks. The effect of maintenance traffic is considered to be negligible. Should a major fault occur in a turbine component during its lifetime it would be necessary to bring back a 300 tonne mobile crane to enable repair to be carried out.

THE DECOMMISSIONING PHASE

During the process of decommissioning the wind turbines would be removed from the site in the same way that they were transported to the site originally, using extendable low loader long vehicles. The foundations would be covered over with topsoil and reseeded. The cables interconnecting the wind turbine to the electricity grid system would be de-energised and removed from the site, with any cable marker signs removed.

The decommissioning process would take approximately four weeks to complete. A decommissioning programme would be agreed with the relevant authorities prior to commencement of the required works.

Section 4.0 - Legislation and Policy Context

Since the Kyoto Protocol was agreed, global legislation and policy has generally been driven towards achieving sustainability, energy security and limiting emissions which contribute to the so-called ‘greenhouse effect’. Over 160 nations met in 1997 to tackle the issues associated with mankind’s impact on the environment and since then the majority have strived to cut greenhouse gases, improve energy efficiency and increase renewable energy usage.

Europe is generally regarded as being at the forefront in terms of environmental policy and legislation and within the EU the UK has taken a central role in terms of climate change. The UK’s Energy White Paper sets out clear targets for renewable energy development and PM Tony Blair has reiterated this commitment on several occasions most recently 14/9/04.

(See www.britishembassy.ie.press/speeches.htm).

Much of the progressive environmental policy across the EU is backed up by government funding either through capital grants, subsidies or preferential tariff structures for renewable energy. This demonstrates quite clearly the importance given to the issue of ‘climate change’. Even planning policy which traditionally has been viewed as the major obstacle to renewable development whether it be wind, biomass or solar has been developed to accommodate renewable energy developments. Experience gained over the last decade or so has meant that coherent, up to date policy can be formulated. Only in the recent past did the UK government issue ‘Planning Policy Statement 22: Renewable Energy’ which gave guidance and advice to planning authorities when assessing renewable applications.

http://www.britishembassy.ie.press/speeches.htm)



Similarly although more specifically in the South of Ireland the government has issued draft planning guidelines “to offer guidance to planning authorities on planning for wind energy through the development plan process and in determining applications for planning permission” (P5). The aim being to streamline the planning process and ensure consistency of approach.

NI WIND POLICY

All renewable energy projects will be examined by Northern Ireland’s ‘Planning Service’ which is an agency of the Department of the Environment or DoE, this planning process will determine if the projects are feasible for full development. The overall strategic regional planning for Northern Ireland is guided by the department’s document entitled “A Planning Strategy for rural Northern Ireland”, and any relevant Planning Policy Statements (PPS). The planning strategy which was published over a decade ago is gradually being phased out and replaced by individual and more detailed Planning Policy Statements. On 4th December 2001 the Department of Regional Development launched a more recent strategy entitled “Shaping Our Future” this document aims to guide development in Northern Ireland until 2025. It is within this statutory framework that the proposed turbine will be developed.

The regional development strategy (RDS) was formulated “after four years of extensive, probably unprecedented, consultation including an independent examination in public, scrutiny by the assembly committees, and very close working across departments.

The RDS looks at “key driving forces such as population growth, the increasing number of households, transportation needs, economic changes, and the spatial implications of a divided society. It seeks to inform and guide the whole community in the drive to create a dynamic, prosperous, and progressive Northern Ireland in the third millennium.

Within the document itself the chapter with most relevance in terms of wind turbine development is Chapter 12 – Caring for the Environment. Within this chapter there are a number of ‘Strategic Planning Guidelines’ or SPGs, 5 of which have direct implications;

SPG – ENV 1 To conserve the natural environment SPG – RNI 1 To increase rural economy diversification to the development of a multi-purpose countryside SPG – ENV 5 To promote more prudent use of energy and resources and of effective waste management SPG – ECON 5 To identify serious deficiencies in essential infrastructure assets as a result of years of under-investment. SPG – ENV 6 To create healthier living environments and to support healthier lifestyles

The general approach of the Regional Development Strategy is conducive to the development of renewable energy infrastructure. It supports proposals that bring significant environmental and economic benefits to rural areas. Planning Policy Statements (PPS’) set out policies on land use and other planning matters and apply to the whole of Northern Ireland. They are gradually replacing the policy provisions of the Planning Strategy for Rural Northern Ireland. Their contents are taken into account in the preparation of development plans and are also material to decisions on individual planning applications. There are no specific references to renewable energy and energy efficiencies in the PPS’ in Northern Ireland. The following however could be used by local authorities to produce relevant policies;

• PPS 1 – General Principles



• PPS 2 – Planning and Nature Conservation

• PPS 3 – Access, Movement and Parking

• PPS6 – Planning, Archaeology and the Built Heritage

• PPS10 – Telecommunications

Another piece of policy legislation in Northern Ireland is Policy PSU12 “Renewable Energy”. Essentially this document is provided to assess proposals for renewable energy sources against the need to protect and conserve the environment. Government policy is to stimulate the exploitation and development of renewable energy sources wherever they have prospects of being economically attractive and environmentally acceptable. In planning for the use of land for electricity generating installations the general aim is:

• to ensure that society's needs for energy are satisfied, consistent with protecting the local and global environment;

• to ensure that any environmental damage or loss of amenity caused by energy supply and ancillary activities is minimised; and

• To prevent unnecessary sterilisation of energy resources. A careful balance will be needed between the need for renewable resources to contribute to Northern Ireland's energy supply and the need to conserve the environment and amenities of local communities. Harm to the environment, caused by renewable energy projects, must therefore be kept to the minimum. CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion we can see that policy is developing positively towards the development of wind energy. Governments across the globe realise that energy is a central issue. Oil, coal and gas reserves are finite and it is common sense to expect that price increases will continue as demand grows and supply falls. Wind energy offers a clean and indigenous resource which can be utilised to meet a significant proportion of the world’s energy needs. The development of renewable energy resources has clear benefits for the environment, for the economy and for the maintenance of this country’s energy supply. In addition, there are numerous national and international targets to be met:

Binding emission reduction targets and associated fines under the Kyoto Protocol.

Commitment by the EU to source a percentage of Europe’s primary energy requirement from renewables.

Commitment by the UK Government to reduce GHG emissions to 12.5% below 1990 levels by 2008-2012.

Every planning decision needs to be made within the context of a need to strike a balance between the need for and benefits provided by the proposed development, and the potential environmental effects assessed as likely to be significant. Only if it is shown that the balance of advantage is in favour of protecting the environment from such significant effects, taking into account the benefits of the development and the need for it, should planning permission be refused. For this reason, TCI Renewables believes that this proposed development should be granted planning approval.



Section 5.0 Site Selection and alternatives considered

SITE SELECTION

As part of the EIA Regulations the site selection process is required to be explained in detail. When choosing a site for the location of a wind turbine there are several criteria, which are essential to ensure the site is appropriate both physically and environmentally, these are as follows:

• Available wind resource with suitable average mean speed to allow an economical output;

• Suitable topography that allows wind flow to be maintained, interferences would include undulating slopes, forestation, shelter-belts, buildings and confused topography such as cliff faces and large rocky outcrops.

• Avoidance of Statutory Designation areas such as Areas of Outstanding Natural

Beauty or Areas of Special Scientific Interest.

• Avoidance of major disturbance to areas of nature conservation, significant historical or archaeological interest

• On site accessibility, for long blade deliveries and heavy volume construction traffic;

• Ground Conditions, essential for foundations and construction

• Location of a connection point to the existing electricity grid system, which is not too excessive in distance to be economical or disruptive to neighbouring properties;

• Siting the turbine a sufficient distance from nearest dwellings to avoid affecting local amenity;

• Careful siting to avoid major electromagnetic interference; We were first approached, by our Client, in April 2002, when they expressed an interest in utilising the energy from wind turbines in Northern Ireland to displace fossil fuel energy currently purchased from NIE. The Client, Schiedel Chimney Systems Ltd is part of the Lafarge Group and the energy demand from the groups includes Ulster Fireclays, Tyrone Brick and Blue Circle Cement Plant, which are all very high-energy users. The Client did not have land available at any of the Group’s sites in terms of both space and acceptable average wind speed regimes to justify the erection of a turbine or turbines in an industrial setting. Following an examination of several alternative sites which we ruled out on many of the issues raised in above, we arrived at the Glenbuck site in Dunloy, Co.Antrim.



This site encompassed a large open area with good average wind speeds and good access to an existing 33kV electricity grid. The site also met all of our requirements for a prospective wind turbine location, in terms of access, distance from properties, ecology, archaeology, geology, hydrology & noise conditions etc.

An application for Planning Permission for a single wind turbine up to 120m in height was submitted with an accompanying Environmental Impact Statement in July 2005 (No: D/2005/0628). In the final months of putting together the Environmental Impact Assessment for the single wind turbine, our client asked us to begin investigation into the possibility of creating a wind farm at the site for an additional number of turbines. This would allow our Client and the land owner to maximise the site potential for wind development.

We approached NIE early on and they confirmed that there would be the potential for a new 33kV line running from Ballymoney to the site. It would be our intention to share this grid capacity with another wind farm proposed at Garves near Dunloy (D/2003/0329 which is already seeking Planning Permission). This wind farm has met with a number of archaeological issues and has yet to receive planning permission in the three years it has been in the system. However, following detailed site investigation works and various layout options on the site we determined that by erecting just five turbines up to 3MW each, we could optimise the available grid, reduce visual impact, reduce the amount of construction of new access tracks, turbine bases and hard standing areas and produce a small linear cluster of turbines rather than an excessively large expansive wind farm. In addition the disturbance to existing vegetation, habitats, ecology, ornithology, archaeology and geology would be reduced with just five turbines, especially having regard to the proposed Long Mountain Bogs SLNCI (Special Local Nature and Conservation Interest) designation which covers part of our development site area.

In the last few months a proposal was submitted seeking planning permission at the adjacent Long Mountain area for 16 wind turbines. With the Garves development of 5 Turbines in planning, and our proposed Glenbuck Wind Farm of 5 turbines and Single Turbine Development consisting of 1 Turbine we believe that there will now be a much greater degree of cumulative impact than we had previously examined with 27 turbines in total being proposed. It is our opinion that the Long Mountain proposal has sought to optimise the land available rather than be sympathetic to the existing landscape. Given that a fair proportion of this site lies within the Long Mountain Bogs SLNCI, they have proposed the use of four separate site entrances to access their turbines, this will create well over four times the length of new access tracks than required for the proposed Glenbuck project, which has utilised large amounts of existing tracks in its design. In addition it would appear that at least seven of the turbines are located within the Long Mountain Bogs SLNCI including all four on the Boghill part of the proposal. The size of the Long Mountain development will more than triple the visual impact of either the Glenbuck or Garves proposals.

TURBINE SELECTION

The final choice of turbine for the Glenbuck site will not be made until prior to the commencement of construction, due to the continuous improvements technically and economically in the wind turbine market as detailed in Section 3 above. As a result several different turbines are still being considered, however, following a visual assessment the maximum overall tip height of the project will not be over 125m.

Following a review of the independent landscape assessment report and feedback received through public and statutory consultation with various sources, it was determined that the turbines would have a moderate impact on the landscape, due to their overall height of up to 125m. In addition this height allows us to maximise the potential output of the turbine whilst reducing the number of turbines on the ground (which equates to approximately 37,000,000kW hours (37GwH) per annum of sustainable renewable electricity).



Section 6.0 Consultation

Officers of the Special Studies Unit of the Planning Service were consulted on a number of occasions in relation to this project, and also in relation to the preparation of the final Environmental Statement.

The following organisations and individuals were also consulted for technical advice, information and input into the completion of the detailed Environmental Impact Assessment:

BBC R&D Belfast City Airport Belfast International Airport BT Radio Planning Cable & Wireless City of Derry Airport Civil Aviation Authority Crown Castle UK Defence Estates Organisation – MOD DOE – Landscape Architects Branch EHS - Natural Heritage EHS - Protecting Historic Monuments EHS - Natural Heritage Protection EHS - Conservation Science EHS - Water Management Energis for Veridian Environmental Health Department, Newtownabbey District Council Environmental Policy, DARD Fisheries Division, DCAL Fisheries Conservancy Board for Northern Ireland Foyle, Carlingford and Irish Lights Commission Geological Survey of Northern Ireland JRC National Air Traffic Services Ltd National Grid Wireless (formerly Crown Castle) Newtownabbey Borough Council – Biodiversity Officer Newtownabbey Borough Council - Environmental Health Office NITB Northern Ireland Electricity NTL O2 Orange PCS PSNI - Telecoms Roads Service – Belfast and Ballymena office RSPB Ireland -Claire Ferry – Area Officer Spectrum Planning Group Three – Mobile Networking T-Mobile Vodafone Ltd Water Service – M&E Comms Section Wind Farm Enquiries, OFCOM

In October 2005 a letter was sent to relevant MLAs / councillors, informing them of the proposed development and requesting comments. No issues or problems were recorded in correspondence with the MLAs or local councillors.

As part of a public information programme of consultation, TCI Renewables designed and printed an information pamphlet containing relevant site details and contact information. This was distributed door to door during late September 2006 to an area within 1.5km radius of the proposed wind turbine. In addition copies of the pamphlet were



left with local shopkeepers in the nearest small towns as well as in the Ballymoney Borough Council Offices.

TCI Renewables plans to hold information sessions for interested members of the public in the local area as well as a door to door information leaflet distribution. It is planned that these information sessions will be held within 14days of the planning application being received by the Planning Service during October 2006.

Local Communities will be notified of the timing and location of these sessions by means of notices in the local press. Local councillors, elected representatives and other stakeholder groups will be invited to these sessions. It is expected that two information sessions will be hosted – one in the daytime and one in the evening. In this way it is hoped that TCI Renewables can facilitate the maximum amount of people being able to attend. An overview of the company’s wind farm plans will be given, and an information sheet distributed.

TCI Renewables will also carry out a door to door information drop which will take place over two days within a 2km radius of the proposed wind farm site.

Section 7.0 The Benefits of the Proposed Development

Wind energy is an ideal source of renewable energy. Northern Ireland has some of the highest mean annual average wind speeds of any area within the EU. Wind energy provides both environmental and economic benefits.

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

The use of renewable energy plays an important part in strategies to reduce the threat of global warming arising from atmospheric pollution, reducing the total emissions of gases responsible for acid rain and conserving valuable fossil fuel reserves. Figure 7.0 below shows the emissions avoided by the Glenbuck Wind Farm over its anticipated twenty year lifespan.

Figure 7.0: Total Emission savings from the Glenbuck wind farm over a 20 year lifespan

Emission Type Quantity (tonnes)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) 418540

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 7474

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 2242

ECONOMIC BENEFITS

Being a Belfast based wind project development company, TCI Renewables is committed to bringing all the economic benefits possible, to its own community. It is estimated that lucrative contracts worth hundreds of thousands of pounds will be available for tender by local sub-contractors during the construction phase of the wind farm. The construction of the wind turbines and tracks is likely to involve the employment of approximately 15-20 people over a period of up to 9 months. Other local economic benefits would include the purchase of construction materials such as large quantities of concrete and stone. Additionally plant and equipment would be sourced locally where available. In addition to



this is the income received by the landowner in the form of rental income, local authority rates and insurance payments which would all be paid throughout the life of the project.

DECOMMISSIONING PHASE

At the end of the project’s operational life it would be fully decommissioned, the principal elements would be removed and recycled where possible, and the site restored leaving little if any visible trace. This is a process, which is easily achievable within a short period of time, unlike many other forms of electricity generation.

The wind turbines would be removed from the site in the same way that they were transported to the site originally, using extendable low loader long vehicles. The foundations would be covered over with topsoil and reseeded. The cables interconnecting the wind turbine to the electricity grid system would be de-energised and removed from the site, with any cable marker signs removed.

The decommissioning process would take approximately four weeks to complete. A decommissioning programme would be agreed with the relevant authorities prior to commencement of the required works.



Part B – Assessment of the Proposed Development Section 8.0 Environmental Assessment of the Proposal Section 8.1 Landscape and Visual Assessment

TCI Renewables employed RPS Planning & Environment Consultants, which is a multidisciplinary environmental consultancy specialising in Landscape Design, Environmental Assessment, Environmental Auditing, Architectural Design, Acoustics, Air Quality, Ecology and Water Quality. They are one of Ireland's largest and most experienced environmental consultancies. The evaluation of landscape and visual impact is a key aspect of environmental impact statements, planning studies and feasibility studies that RPS have completed in recent years, for example, numerous mineral developments, road schemes, flood alleviation, housing, recreation and tourism developments. RPS has completed numerous landscape and visual impact assessments of wind farms in UK and Ireland. Assessment Method The methods used in this assessment were derived from the ‘Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment’ (LVIA) by The Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Assessment 2002. The document recommended baseline studies to describe, classify and evaluate the existing landscape and visual resource focusing on its sensitivity and ability to accommodate change. The guidelines are not intended as a prescriptive set of rules but rather offer best practice methods and techniques of LVIA. The existing landscape and visual context of the study area were established through a process of desktop study, site survey work and photographic surveys. The proposal was then applied to the baseline conditions to allow the identification of potential impacts, prediction of their magnitude and assessment of their significance. Mitigation could then be identified to reduce as far as possible any residual potential landscape and visual impacts.

The level of significance of effect on landscape is a product of landscape sensitivity and the magnitude of alteration in landscape resource. Where landscape sensitivity has been predicted as high and the magnitude of change as high or medium (or when magnitude of change is high and sensitivity is high or medium) the resultant impact will be significant in terms of EIA Regulations. ZVI – Theoretical Zones of Visual Influence The theoretical ZVI is defined as the area within which views of the site and/or the development can be theoretically obtained. The extent of the ZVI is determined primarily by the topography of the area. The ZVI is then refined by field studies to indicate where relevant forestry, woodlands, hedges or other local features obscure visibility from the main roads, local viewpoints/landmarks and/or significant settlements. Using terrain-modelling techniques combined with the wind farm specification, a map is created showing the areas from which the wind turbines would in theory be seen. A worst case scenario is taken in line with Landscape Institute guidelines. In practice the actual ZVI is considerably less in extent than the theoretical one, since single turbines are difficult to focus on at a distance, and small-scale topographic features and local hedges tend to restrict views. The wind farm will be visible beyond 10 km at some locations but the impact will decrease in significance with distance. Field survey beyond 10 km has established that no significant landscape or visual impacts will occur due to the proposed development. Generally, research has established that significant visual effects of wind turbines only occur within 5 km. At greater distances the wind turbines will only be prominent in very



clear visibility (Source: Scottish Executive (2002) Planning Advice Note 45, see the table below).

Distance Perception

Up to 2 km Likely to be a prominent feature

2 - 5 km Relatively prominent

5 – 15 km Only prominent in clear visibility – seen as part of the wider landscape

15 – 30 km Only seen in very clear visibility – a minor element in the landscape

Table 2 – Visual perception of turbines at various distances

A unique feature of all wind turbines and farms is the movement of the blades and the reflection of light from them. The main effect, in periods of good visibility, is to bring the wind farm to the notice of the casual observer and to increase its obtrusiveness out of proportion to the actual portion of the view it occupies. The following ZVIs have been produced for assessment: • 10 km ZVI for the proposed development; • 10 km cumulative ZVI for the proposed development, Garves Wind Farm and Long

Mountain Wind Farm It should be noted that the theoretical ZVI takes no account of local features such as: • Low hills (less than 10 metres [m] high); • Roadside hedges and fences; • Forestry and other planted areas; or • Buildings.

Wireframes & Photomontages Twelve representative viewpoints have been selected around the site and wire frames and photomontages have been prepared for each viewpoint. The purpose of this material is to help assess the wind farms visual impact by giving an idea of what the built wind farm will look like. These were produced for the Glenbuck wind farm and also an additional set which included the Garves wind farm (6 turbines) and the Long Mountain wind Farm (16 turbines). These montages allow the viewer to examine the potential cumulative visual impact from the three wind farms. Full sets of the montages are included in the Appendices 32-43 inclusive and cumulative montages in Appendices 44-55 inclusive in Volume 2 of the EIS. Initially, viewpoints are chosen from which the wind farm will be visible. The points are chosen to give a representative sample of views in a 3600 radius of the proposed wind farm within the landscape from different distances and directions. Viewpoints frequented by members of the public such as public rights of way, car parks and popular viewpoints are usually chosen, along with views from nearby settlements and main roads. A wireframe of the wind farm and surrounding terrain is generated from each viewpoint using standard commercial software packages, digital terrain data provided by Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, the turbine layout and the individual turbine geometry. Photographs from each viewpoint location are then taken covering an arc of view matching that of the wireframe. The extent of the arc covered depends on what the photomontage is intended to show. The finalised photomontage may then be aligned with its corresponding wireframe for presentation. The last step in the process is to calculate at what distance the image



should be viewed from so as to ensure the turbines are representative of what the eye would see. This is vital to prevent any misinterpretation of the resulting photomontage. The Proposed Development and its impact The proposed wind turbines comprise of five, three bladed turbines with a maximum overall height not greater than 125m to blade tip, associated transformers, access tracks, a control building, electricity sub-station, temporary contractors compounds, road improvements, new site entrance and wind monitoring mast. The colour of the turbines will be neutral pale grey (Industry standard RAL 7035). Site layout and design has sought to optimise energy capture and minimise the environmental effects of the project, largely visual impacts. The typical principal sources of impact of such a development include:

• disturbance from construction; • imposition of new features in the landscape; • movement in a static landscape.

Each of these was considered in technical detail in Section 7 of the Environmental Impact Statement Volume One. Design Recommendations and mitigation for the proposed wind farm were as follows: General The visual impact of the proposal is caused by the appearance of new vertical structures in an otherwise natural open landscape, and the ancillary works associated with such a development. The design evolution of the proposed project has been undertaken to enable incorporation of the following design recommendations: • sensitive use of local materials for constructed elements (control buildings etc); • careful integration of constructed elements with existing elements such as, access

tracks etc; • careful grading and reinstatement proposals, indicating screening measures to

obtrusive built elements; • appropriate materials and colour of security fencing and control building; • appropriate colour of wind turbines; and • high quality of finish to access track edges, gates, fences and general site

housekeeping designed to complement local styles and materials. Buildings, power lines and general disturbance tend to increase the impact significantly over and above that of the wind generators, but these ancillary structures will be located below the skyline and adjacent to natural boundaries in order to avoid additional visual intrusion. Associated structures such as site entrances, boundaries and buildings should be designed to complement local styles and materials. Construction of access tracks should be carried out during dry weather as far as possible and surfacing materials chosen to minimise tonal contrasts in the landscape. All excavated organic material should be stored carefully for reinstatement work within the site, and the disturbed edges of tracks made up with turf won from such disturbed parts of the site. To reduce the visual impact there should be no overhead cables between the wind turbines and any proposed substation. All cables should be trenched and follow, where possible, the route of the access track, and installed as track construction progresses.



It is recommended that the wind turbine be painted in a neutral, matt colour so as to minimise the visual intrusion on the landscape. The following colour specification (RAL.7035) is considered to be appropriate for most conditions.

Good site design, use of an environmental management plan during the construction phase and incorporation of mitigation measures identified above will effectively mitigate the impact of ancillary works.

Conclusion: The proposed five turbine wind farm at Glenbuck, is located within an upland hilltop landscape character type. The surrounding hills have been rounded during the Ice Age and form a significant landscape feature distinct from the Antrim Plateau, dominating the lower lying agricultural land. The Antrim Hills and Glens have been designated as an AONB and ESA reflecting their national importance. The proposed site lies outside both designations. The Zone of Visual Influence (ZVI) has been established and the areas of significant visual impact identified. A combination of visual character and limited view exposure reduces the resource change of the proposal for a significant proportion of the study area. However, key views of the proposal will be to the south and eastern part of the study area and little can be done to mitigate such views. In conclusion the overall predicted resource change caused by the proposed wind farm development at Glenbuck will be moderate. The broader landscape character areas identified have the capacity to absorb a development of this scale.



Section 8.2 Ecological Impact – Flora & Fauna

TCI Renewables employed Gareth Bareham a qualified ecologist to complete a full flora and habitat analysis and RPS Consultants’ Nick Veale to complete the mammal survey. These studies examine the potential effects of the proposed development upon the ecology of the site and surrounding area. The following is a brief review of the findings and mitigation proposals of this report.

In terms of flora and habitat, all habitats within the limits of Glenbuck farm were surveyed in accordance with English Nature Phase 1 methodology (Nature Conservancy Council 1990) with the addition of full species lists. Phase 2 level survey was undertaken on habitats on which the proposed turbine footings were to be placed to provide detailed abundance measurements for all species present. Each type of habitat was assessed and mitigation proposed for each. The list below is a brief summary of the findings: Improved Grassland - Predicted Impacts - no significant negative impacts predicted. Mitigation – Habitat abundant and of relatively low ecological value - no mitigation necessitated. Ruderal Grassland - Predicted Impacts – None Mitigation – Habitat abundant locally of relatively low ecological value – no mitigation necessitated. Field Boundaries - Predicted Impacts – No negative impacts predicted Mitigation – None necessitated. Semi-Improved Grasslands - Predicted impacts – Slight - Some loss of habitat to turbine footings and access route. Mitigation – Ensure working practices minimise possible disturbance outside direct areas of activity. Wet-flush Grassland - Predicted Impacts – No negative impacts predicted Mitigation – None required Marshy Grassland - Predicted impacts – No negative impacts predicted Mitigation – None required Swamp - Predicted impacts – No negative impacts predicted Mitigation – None required. Marginal vegetation - Predicted impacts – Slight - One turbine footing is provisionally located on this habitat. Mitigation – If possible, it may be desirable to move the turbine footing S by c. 150m onto Bog 2 to avoid disturbance to this habitat. Drainage of this area should also be avoided. However, given the relatively small area of loss in comparison to the remaining area of marginal vegetation area and widely dispersed pattern of characteristic species, development is not considered to represent a significant impact on the floristic community composition or species diversity. Streams - Predicted impacts – No negative impacts predicted Mitigation – None required. Cliff-edge Scrub and Grassland - Predicted impacts – Slight - None where no activity takes place, local (< 10% of total area of habitat) but permanent where track widening occurs. Mitigation – To design the track widening to utilise the outer sides of the track along the less species-diverse edges between the outer track edge and the Improved Grassland (IG) habitats as much as possible. Scrub - Predicted impacts – No negative impacts predicted.



Mitigation – None required. Bog - Predicted impacts – Slight - Some loss of habitat to turbine footings and access route inevitable but cited to be less than 10% of total area of habitat. Mitigation – Ensuring minimal possible disturbance outside the direct areas of activity. Summary of findings No Red Data Book species of flora or fauna were found during this survey. Where habitats will be affected by turbine footings or access tracks the impacts are effectively permanent but no significant or substantial detrimental effects on the species diversity or ecological functioning of any mapped habitat is predicted. Section 8.2.1 Mammal Survey In preparing this fauna section all tasks were carried out with reference, as applicable to the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management draft Guidance on Survey Methodology (IEEM 2005), Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment (IEEM 2006). The survey was carried out on the 26th April 2006 and consisted of a field survey of otter (Lutra lutra) and badger (Meles meles) signs and an assessment of the existing habitat value for these mammals. In addition signs of other mammal species, such Irish Hare (Lepus timidus hibernicus) were also recorded. The results of the survey for Protected Species were as follows: Badgers - In Northern Ireland, badgers are protected under Schedules 5, 6 and 7 of the Wildlife (Northern Ireland) Order 1985. The principal intention is to prevent mistreatment of badgers, rather than as a conservation measure. Results – This was the only confirmed protected species that occurred within the study area. A relatively high density of badgers, particularly towards the southern end of the study area, alternatively they appear to be entirely absent from large areas of bog and heath in the north of the study area. A very large Main sett was located in the western facing scree just to the north of the farm with at least 23 active entrances. A large communal latrine was found just to the north of the active sett. Badger feeding activity was also confirmed in the surrounding area. Mitigation Measures

A relevant licence from EHS NI to disturb badgers will be required if any construction works occur within 30m of any sett entrance. The normal seasonal restrictions applied to these licenses run from the beginning of December to the end of June.

The 30m radius from the nearest sett should be clearly marked at all times throughout the construction phase.

All contractors involved with any works which may affect the badgers or their setts should be required, as part of their contract, to demonstrate their understanding of the nature conservation issues on the site.

Additional care is required in the proper storage of all noxious chemicals or other materials likely to represent a hazard to badgers. In particular, the unsecured overnight storage of such materials must be prevented. They must not be stored near to setts.

Any excavations left open overnight should be provided with a suitable plank or other means of escape for badgers. This includes excavations protected by temporary fencing (which may not deter badgers).

Summary of Findings

Assuming that the above mitigation measures are implemented, the development of a wind farm at Glenbuck should not have a detrimental effect on the population of



mammals and specifically badgers, (protected under schedules 5, 6 and 7 of the Wildlife (NI) Order 1985), here.

Figure 8.2 The boundary extent of the lands covered by the Flora & Fauna Surveys



Section 8.3 Ecological Impact - Ornithology TCI Renewables employed Dr Ken Perry a qualified avian ecologist to complete a full two year ornithological assessment for the proposed development at Glenbuck. These studies examine the following site characteristics:

• establish the baseline ornithological conditions at the site; • establish the nature of any potential impacts of the development; • establish the magnitude of the effect of these impacts; and, • propose design recommendations and mitigation measures.

The ornithological assessments were based on visits to the site over the course of the two bird breeding seasons in 2004/05 & 2005/06 (March 01st-August 15th) and two winter seasons (September to February) over the same period. It was felt that due to the size and type of development area and previous wind farm development experience that this would be an adequate assessment duration period for both studies. The map below shows the vantage point for monitoring and the route of the monthly walkover survey.

Figure 8.3 Vantage Point Map and Walkover Survey Route



Survey Findings Wintering Studies: The results of the wintering bird survey programme between the project commencement in May 2004 and throughout the years up to and including the end of the April 2006 have shown a wide spread of site dependent species. A total of 59 species were observed on site over the two year survey period, including a number of less common species (Twite and Snow Bunting ) as well as a few rarer species (Merlin, Golden Plover) and a number of species of conservation concern (Curlew). Breeding Season 2005: A range of 48 species were recorded over the five-month period. Most of the diverse range of bird species recorded were typical of a Co. Antrim lowland site. Four species of birds of prey (including Merlin) were recorded and appeared in the visit registration lists and as anticipated were predominantly found in the more wooded lowland environments in and around Craig’s Wood, as well as in flight over the Glenbuck Bog. Specific attention was given to an examination of the wetter boggy habitats recording the location and abundance of waders, and at Glenbuck , Snipe, Golden Plover and Curlew were recorded.

Surveillance of the Glenbuck site during the monthly (2 x three-hour long) vantage point watches during the 2005 breeding season did not register any of the rarer species (such as Hen Harrier, Merlin, Golden Plover, geese, swans or Red Grouse) although Merlin and Hen Harrier in particular had been thoroughly searched for throughout the year, and in the winter period, in the wooded and boggy areas across the site and buffer zone. Merlin are known to have bred (until 1997) in a traditional nesting area on the northern fringe of Craig’s Wood where the extensive areas of lowland woodland were thought to have still been attractive to this species.

There are five species which were found located on or close to the proposed development site which are considered Birds of Conservation Concern In Ireland (1999) as defined by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and BirdWatch Ireland, the two principal avian and conservation NGO’s in Ireland :

Curlew / Twite / Merlin / Common Snipe / Golden Plover

Curlew - A sighting of Curlew was made in 2005 just outside the buffer zone to the east of the Glenbuck site. It bred on site in 2004. It is likely that the disturbance of establishing an active wind farm will temporarily deter the presence of site dependent Curlew. However it was found at Lendrum’s Ridge wind farm in Co. Tyrone that whilst a number of species failed to breed at a traditional nesting site in the first year after the commissioning of a wind farm, the birds returned to establish and to breed in following years.

Twite - A December 2005 sighting of 7 birds feeding on spilt livestock grain in the dairy pastures along with a flock of 28 Reed Buntings. It is considered that this sighting of a rare Red-listed species is unlikely to be repeated as such a sighting is outside the norm for this site and therefore should not impact negatively with the proposed development of a wind farm.

Merlin - A single observation of an adult male perched on a fence post in Glenbuck bog was made in November 2005. It is thought that they have not bred at this site since 1997. With only one observation of a wintering Merlin in November 2005 it is considered unlikely that this species is closely linked with this site in general and the wind farm will have little effect upon it.

Common Snipe - At least 4 breeding pairs were present in 2005 within the site’s buffer zone across the many wet lowland wetlands, and based on the frequency and location of sightings it is thought that there should be no negative impact from the proposed wind farm, apart from the initial disturbance during the build phase of operations.



Golden Plover - A sighting of three adult birds in breeding plumage was made in March 2005 but were not present in the following site visit. Over the two year period of bird surveys on site a small group of Golden Plover were recorded at Glenbuck but were not recorded breeding or foraging in other months on site before or since.

Proposed Mitigation:

Construction Activity: The main power line connection to the grid should be sited underground from the site transformer / control compound so that there will be a low impact on the bird communities.

The Wind Turbine Areas: All site preparation and WTG erection phases should be timed to take place outside of the avian breeding season (no disturbance between mid-March and mid-August), and this should eliminate any adverse effects resulting from the erection and operation of the wind farm on the proposed site and the associated potential impact on the bird communities.

Conclusions:

Although species diversity at Glenbuck was relatively high, potential negative impacts from the erection of a wind farm have been carefully considered. As only a small number of resident birds currently utilise the landowners property, not counting the buffer zone and general area, it is thought that the birds will readily adjust to any level of sound disturbance that a new wind farm will create, once the establishment and erection process is completed. In addition the impact of a wind farm at Glenbuck should not negatively impact on the valued bird communities, apart from the limited disturbance period during the site preparation and turbine installation phases, which will be undertaken outside of the avian breeding season.



Section 8.4 Noise Assessment & Cumulative Noise Impact

The noise effects for the proposed 5 x 3MW wind farm were assessed by FR Mark & Associates, an independent acoustics and noise specialist, with vast experience in the analysis of wind farm noise levels. The assessment looked at the Turbine Noise, Traffic Noise and Short Term Construction noise. Turbine Noise: Existing noise levels have been measured daytime, evening and night time at the site in line with the principals of the ETSU document. Initial measurements were recorded on 6th, 12th and 13thth January 2006 at the site during daytime, night time and “quiet waking hours”, at the most proximate residential property. Weather conditions during the measurement of the surveys were good and noise levels were recorded during dry conditions with varying wind speeds, as appropriate to a wind farm noise assessment.

Time Typical BackgroundLA90(10min)

Daytime Evening Night-time

30.0 30.0 30.0

Table 8.4: Noise Measurement Base Line (Very Low Wind Speed) Summary Results

The worst case exposure will be the property located to the south east of the site, at a distance of approximately 720m from the most proximate proposed turbine location.

Table 8.4.1 Noise levels at the nearest properties

It is concluded form the figures that the potential noise impact of these turbines, when operating, will be below the ETSU target level, and will not create a significant impact at the most proximate residential properties.

As a guidance of the relative noise levels which can be expected from a typical wind farm, the table below shows indicative noise levels of everyday occurrences. As you can see a typical wind farm would have a noise level of between 35-45dB (A) at 350m, by comparison a quiet bedroom has a similar 35db (A) noise rating

Distance between property and turbine

Attenuation by distance *

Potential noise impact at property

1 720 57 36 2 1100 61 32 3 1300 62 31 4 1100 61 32 5 1500 64 29 6 750 58 35



A table of comparisons of different noise levels is given below in dB(A), (decibels).

Source/Activity Indicative noise level dB (A)

Threshold of hearing 0

Rural night-time background 20-40

Quiet bedroom 35

Wind farm at 350m 35-45

Car at 40mph at 100m 55

Busy general office 60

Truck at 30mph at 100m 65

Pneumatic drill at 7m 95

Jet aircraft at 250m 105

Threshold of pain 140

Table 8.4.2 Noise Comparisons

Traffic Noise: Once the units are functioning only occasional traffic will attend the site for maintenance and test procedures. The existing traffic levels on the site approach roads are very low, well below the necessary minimum level required. The additional occasional traffic in the area would not constitute any significant increase and no significant noise impact would result. During construction there may be increases in HGV movement, transporting plant and turbine machinery to the site. Such impact will be limited to a short period of time and be occasional rather than regular. Short Term Construction Noise Impact: If one examines the typical noise levels from construction activities the following figures could reasonably be expected to be derived:

Activity LAeq at 10m HGV movement, for removing spoil and bringing necessary fill and other sundry materials to the site including turbine components Tracked or wheel excavators to remove existing topsoil, rubble and subsoil in prep for foundations of units Piling operations (typical non-displacement system – if necessary) General construction, including delivery of building materials and plant Dewatering pumps (if required) JCBs for services, drainage and landscaping Vibrating rollers and other road surfacing plant

70dB

87dB

80-88 dB 70-84 dB to 80 dB to 84 dB 76-86 dB

Table 8.4.3 Typical Noise Levels from Construction Works

Given that construction will be at least 700m from the nearest property, construction impact is as follows: Typical construction noise level 80-84 dB LAeq Combined maximum construction level 90 dB LAeq Attenuation by minimum distance 20 log 700/10 = 37 dB Attenuation by ground absorption 5 log 700/10 - 2 = 7 dB Typical noise level at property façade 36-40 dB LAeq



‘Worst case’ noise level 46 dB LAeq The impact of construction at the nearest properties will typically be 36-40 dB LAeq, with levels up to 46 dB LAeq for site preparation activity at the extent of works. In Northern Ireland it would be expected that, in common with other construction sites and EHO practice, maximum allowable noise levels at the site during construction would be recommended as follows. Monday to Friday Maximum at Measurement Points 07:00 - 19:00 75dBLAeq,12h 19:00 - 22:00 65dBLAeq,1h 22:00 - 07:00 No noise audible Saturday Maximum at Measurement Points 08:00 - 13:00 75dBLAeq,12h 13:00 - 22:00 65dBLAeq,1h 22:00 - 07:00 No noise audible Sunday No operations Mitigation Measures: In order to minimise the level of construction noise as much as possible the following mitigation measures have been proposed: Given the limited impact it would not be appropriate to require noise monitoring of the site. Appointment of a Responsible Person It is recommended that the appropriate party should appoint or delegate a ‘responsible person’ who will be present on site and who will be willing to answer and act upon queries from the local public. Night Works If there are items of plant (e.g. dewatering pumps and similar) that necessitate use over 24 hours, they should be chosen, sited and enclosed such that levels at the nearest residential properties do not exceed World Health Organisation guidelines of 45 dB LAeq. It is clear that by working in accordance with BS 5228 ‘Noise control on construction and open sites’ and working only during the hours proposed and employing the suggested mitigating measures, the construction noise impact from the site is negligible at any near sited receptor. Conclusions: The area is very rural and the predominant noise source at the site is environmental noise and occasional localised transportation movement. It is therefore submitted that the potential noise impact of these turbines, when operating, will be below the ETSU target level, and will not create a significant impact at the most proximate residential properties. In addition traffic and construction noise will be negligible at near sited receptors.



8.4.2 Cumulative Noise Impact There are currently 2 other proposed wind farms which will be located in the general vicinity of the proposed Glenbuck wind farm:

• Long Mountain (16 Turbines) D/2006/0104/F • Garves (6 Turbines) D/0327/F

The potential cumulative noise impact of the three proposed wind farms has been calculated and presented in the following section at the request of the Environmental Health Department of Ballymoney Borough Council. The potential cumulative impact at the most proximate properties to the Glenbuck wind farm of 6 turbines has been calculated to establish ‘worst case’ conditions. It has been predicted that the Long Mountain wind farm will be the dominant noise source in the vicinity of the most proximate noise sensitive receivers given the turbine location and numbers. As shown throughout the noise assessment of Glenbuck as a separate entity the noise levels at this development were all within the required ETSU guideline recommendations. The map on the following page figure 8.4.2 Cumulative Turbines Map (see also section 5.3.3 Volume 1) shows the location of the three wind farms in the general area for planning consideration. The map key is as follows: Turbine Numbers on map key: Glenbuck Wind Farm Proposed – Numbers 1-5; Glenbuck Single Turbine – Number 6 Long Mountain Wind Farm – Numbers 7-20 & 27-28; Garves Wind Farm – 21-26



Figure 8.4.2 Cumulative Impact Map showing all turbine locations In order to carry out this cumulative noise assessment, FR Mark & Associates were employed by TCI Renewables to measure predicted noise levels from the most proximate dwellings. When these were established it would be possible to assess the implications of adding additional turbines to the noise environment. As discussed previously given the numbers and location of the turbines for the proposed Long Mountain wind farm, these were considered the most proximate to dwellings on Glenbuck Road. For clarity the closest dwelling to any of the turbines at Glenbuck is in excess of 750m, which is well outside the ETSU recommended guidelines.



Long Mountain Wind Farm (Planning Ref: D/2006/0164/F) Impact

High Wind Speed Prediction (Turbine numbers based on the map and key guide above).

Turbine Distance Attenuation Turbine Level Noise Impact 7 1330 62 93 31 8 1370 63 93 30 9 1060 61 93 32 10 870 59 93 34 11 850 59 93 34 12 890 59 93 34 13 480 54 93 39 14 630 56 93 37 15 950 60 93 33 16 760 58 93 35 17 1200 62 93 31 18 800 58 93 35 19 780 58 93 35 20 1050 60 93 33 27 1100 61 93 32 28 490 54 93 39

Table 10.13 - ‘Worst case’ predicted impact at most proximate properties to Glenbuck Wind Farm = 47 dB LA90 Low Wind Speed Prediction

Turbine Distance Attenuation Turbine Level Noise Impact 7 1330 62 85 23 8 1370 63 85 22 9 1060 61 85 24 10 870 59 85 26 11 850 59 85 26 12 890 59 85 26 13 480 54 85 31 14 630 56 85 29 15 950 60 85 25 16 760 58 85 27 17 1200 62 85 23 18 800 58 85 27 19 780 58 85 27 20 1050 60 85 25 27 1100 61 85 24 28 490 54 85 31

Table 10.13.1 ‘Worst case’ predicted impact at most proximate properties to Glenbuck Wind Farm = 39 dB LA90



Garves Wind Farm (Planning Ref: D/0327/F) Impact High Wind Speed Prediction

Turbine Distance Attenuation Turbine Level Noise Impact 21 2780 69 93 24 22 2490 68 93 25 23 2680 69 93 24 24 2320 67 93 26 25 2700 69 93 24 26 2390 68 93 25

Table 10.13.2 -‘Worst case’ predicted impact at most proximate properties to Glenbuck Wind Farm = 28 dB LA90 Low Wind Speed Prediction

Turbine Distance Attenuation Turbine Level Noise Impact 21 2780 69 85 16 22 2490 68 85 17 23 2680 69 85 16 24 2320 67 85 18 25 2700 69 85 16 26 2390 68 85 17

10.13.3 - ‘Worst case’ predicted impact at most proximate properties to Glenbuck Wind Farm = 20 dB LA90 The overall calculations predict that the cumulative effect of Glenbuck and Garves wind farms will contribute less than 1 dB to the overall noise levels created by the Long Mountain turbines at the most proximate residential properties. Typically, an increase in noise levels of less than 3 dB would not be considered perceptible by the human ear. The Long Mountain development of 16 turbines, has two turbines located within 500m of the nearest house, giving rise to higher noise levels at these locations from this development especially at higher wind speed levels. It is submitted that the proposed Glenbuck wind farm will not generate a perceptible or noticeable noise impact on the cumulative noise environment at the residential properties located in the vicinity of the proposed wind farms. Equally this wind farm will operate within the ETSU target level guidelines for noise generation.



Section 8.5 Hydrology

Doran Consulting were commissioned by TCI Renewables to prepare the Hydrology section of the Environmental Impact Statement. This section describes the existing conditions at the site and will detail the potential effects any development may have on water courses within or around the site boundaries. The section will also highlight mitigating measures which will be taken to ensure minimal disruption to the current geological and hydrological status quo. This section was prepared by Dorans Consulting through consultation with; Geological Survey of NI (GSNI), the Environment and Heritage Service’s - Water Management Unit, the Water Service (Infrastructure Development) and the Fisheries Conservancy Board (FCB). Site Inspection: A walk over study was conducted and identified the following issues:

• A small stream adjacent to the proposed location of Turbine No 1 • The presence of drainage channels • A marsh area adjacent to the site entrance • A small Lough

Figure 8.5 Walkover Survey of Glenbuck Development Area



Mitigation Measures: In order to prevent any potential contamination of on-site watercourses the following measures were recommended to be carried out. Construction Phase: During construction temporary drainage and silt traps will be provided. The domestic sewage arising during construction will be stored in conservancy tanks, which will be emptied on a regular basis. Petrol and oil leaking from vehicles in car parks and on roads at full operational stage will be intercepted before out falling to the stream on the eastern boundary using approved by-pass petrol/oil interceptors. Spill kits will be stored on site containing absorbents and booms to address any fuel spillages as a result of refuelling vehicles. All contractors will be trained in the handling of hazardous substances, pollution prevention and in the use of pollution prevention equipment. Operational Phase: The storm drainage system will be a gravity system which will discharge into the existing stream. Measures will be incorporated into the system to ensure that contamination of the watercourse does not occur. Conclusions: In summary the hydrology is not considered to be adversely impacted by the proposed development. Minimal effects on the hydrology are expected during the operational phase of the development with a slight increase in impermeable areas contributing to surface runoff. However, measures will be incorporated into the storm drainage system to ensure that contamination of the watercourse does not occur. The main potential impacts are during the construction phase, which can be controlled by adopting standard mitigation measures.



Section 8.6 Geology & Hydrogeology Doran Consulting were commissioned by TCI Renewables to prepare the Geology & Hydrogeology section of the Environmental Impact Statement. This section describes the existing ground rock conditions at the site and will detail the potential effects any proposed development may have. The section will also highlight mitigating measures which will be taken to ensure minimal disruption to the current geological and hydrological status quo. An initial desk top review of the geological mapping (GSNI) data was carried out to establish the baseline conditions. This indicated bedrock to be Lower Basalt Formation from the Antrim Lava Group, which was formed in the Palaeocene Period, approximately 59 million years ago. The lower basalt formation is described as greyish black to greenish black fine grained olivine basalt. The formation is estimated to be between 50 and 150m thick. Published geochemical studies on the basalts of the Antrim Lava Group indicate that they are composed of plagioclase feldspar, olivine, augite and opaque minerals. The Geology Map of the area noted superficial deposits of peat to cover much of the bedrock across the extents of the site. Glacial Till (Boulder Clay) is also noted as present to the south east of the site, in the vicinity of Wind Turbine. Peat is formed from decayed organic matter and generally occurs in areas of poor drainage. Site Inspection: The site inspection followed the same walkover route as that of the hydrology and a map of this can be seen in Section 8.5 (Figure 8.5) The site inspection indicated the following features of note with regard to geology:

1. Basalt shelf and localised rock outcrops 2. Old peat cuttings 3. The presence of drainage channels 4. Variable ground surface strength 5. Localised deposits of Glacial Till

Photograph 8.6 Basalt Shelf runs parallel to the existing access track on a north west/south east

trend



Photograph 8.6.1 Shows outcrop of dark grey massive fine grained Olivine Basalt

Photograph 8.6.2 Illustrates drain located 50m north west of proposed WTG 5

The ground surface throughout the site was noted to be of variable strength. The relatively flat terrain in the centre of the site, suggests that the shelf of rock remains close to ground surface and that the peat is relatively shallow. This relatively flat terrain extends for up to 300 metres to the north-east of the existing access track. In this area the ground surface is uneven but firm. However the topography changes with ground sloping down off the shelf towards the proposed locations for Wind Turbines No.’s 3, 4 and 5. The ground surface over these areas is more uneven, often wet and soft in places. A small stream is situated adjacent to the proposed location of Wind Turbine No. 1. Glacial Till was noted as present in the banks of this stream as illustrated in Photograph 8.6.3 overleaf. The Glacial Till was typically described as firm damp red brown slightly sandy slightly gravelly clay/silt with occasional sub rounded cobbles.



Photograph 8.6.3 Glacial Till exposed in water section at Wind Turbine 1 Suitability of site for proposed development: As part of the proposed development works detailed ground investigation survey will be carried out prior to the construction of any wind turbines. Peat is compressible and is unsuitable as a foundation bearing stratum because it can be subject to large and long term settlements. However, the Glacial Till and basalt bedrock are generally suitable foundation bearing strata. Table 8.6.3 presents a preliminary summary of the anticipated ground conditions at each of the wind turbine locations.

Wind Turbine

Anticipated Ground Conditions

Anticipated Foundation

Comments

1 Glacial Till over Basalt

Pad founded on Glacial Till

Possible requirement to extend foundation to bedrock with lean mix concrete depending upon design

2 Near surface bedrock

Pad founded on near surface bedrock

Possible rock excavation required

3 Peat over bedrock

4 Peat over bedrock

5 Peat over bedrock

Pad founded on bedrock

Potential issues with temporary stability during excavation of peat.

Table 8.6.3 Preliminary Summary of Anticipated Ground Conditions

Emissions to the Environment: Construction Phase - It is not intended to abstract groundwater for use during the construction phase or to discharge any wastes to soil or groundwater. It is not intended to quarry or excavate any existing materials for the construction. All construction materials shall be imported to the site, including any stone required for access roads.



During the construction phase there will be some interaction with landscape issues with the requirements for additional temporary stoned working areas. Operational Phase - There are not expected to be any adverse effects on soils or groundwater during the operational phase, as it is not intended to carry out any process industries or store or transport any hazardous materials on site. Mitigation Issues The following measures were recommended during the construction phase as there are not expected to be any adverse effects on soils or groundwater during the operational phase of the development: 1. Areas stripped of earth or vegetation shall be kept to a minimum (aggregate

should be imported rather than quarried on-site). 2. Sumps shall be constructed for peat and silt collection from excavations and soil

heaps 3. Roadside drains should be shallow with moderate gradients to prevent scouring.

In steep areas check dams (possibly in conjunction with settlement ponds and/or cross drains) may be necessary to reduce flow rate.

4. Oil fuel shall be stored within containment 5. Cement shall be mixed within containment, tools washed in the same area and

water recycled (in the cement mix) 6. All contractors responsible for handling hazardous substances will be trained in

procedures for proper storage and handling of such substances prior to commencing work on site.



Section 8.7 Haulage & Roads In order to get the various turbine components, construction plant, equipment and deliveries to the site a suitable haulage route and traffic management plan must be in place. A desk study was completed in summer 2004 where a number of potential haulage routes were identified. Further site investigation works were carried out in September 2005, January and February 2006 when alternative haul routes were surveyed, compared, road width measurements taken and potential turning circles were measured to ensure minimal disruption would take place to existing road infrastructure.

The most appropriate haulage route was identified by TCI Renewables and Doran Consulting appointed to carry out a detailed haulage route assessment.

The proposed haulage route is as follows:

• Larne Harbour along the A8 for 4.2km, turning right • A36 Larne to Ballymena Road continuing for a further 36.9km. • After negotiating the roundabout take the M2 (North) • Join the A26 north of Ballymena. • Follow this road 6km to Drumnacross Hill. • Exit west off A26 onto B64 travel 0.75km to the village of Glarryford • Turn right (north) at Glarryford onto B93 drive 4km • At Anticur Crossroads take a left (south-west) onto the Glenbuck road • After 3km turn right (north) into the site entrance • Follow access tracks and up to the wind turbine site locations.

The route will take the vehicles across some railway tracks on the B64 near Glarryford. As a result TCI Renewables Ltd will consult with the local rail operators Translink to ensure that all the relevant procedures and precautions are taken into consideration prior to any transportation taking place. The proposed haulage route is shown on the map in Figure 8.7. (Page 45). The Haulage Route Survey:

Three potential constraints were identified along the proposed route. For each constraint a detailed site survey was carried out. Two of the constraints required the use of an auto-track analysis. Auto-track is a specialist software programme which allows accurate tracking of a delivery vehicle overlaid onto mapping. The resulting analysis will produce an accurate visible picture of the vehicle movement and identify any works which may be required to allow safe passage of the delivery vehicle onto the remainder of its journey to site.

Constraint 1 A26 to Glarryford The issue here involves a hump in the road. The hump occurs at chainage 120m and peaks at the left hand side to a height of 100.56m relative to the survey datum. The gradient change at the hump is from +2.27 degrees to -2.38 degrees, resulting in a gradient change of -4.65 degrees, more than double the allowed gradient change of 2 degrees. In order to overcome this issue the specialist haulier will utilise a vehicle which can to raise the level of the blades relative to the level of the hump, where by two degree gradient change is less critical. Constraint 2 Glarryford At Glarryford a right turn is required. Using a traditional articulated truck, it would be necessary to cut into existing road verges and agricultural land on the south side of the Glarryford Road at the junction. On the north side of the road, localised trimming of the road verge may be required. The surface area of agricultural land was estimated at 125m2. Approximately 30m of fencing and hedgerow would also be affected. Street furniture will also require temporary removal during the haulage of the blades. This includes traffic light and road sign (STOP) on the south side of the road. It is understood that the traffic lights are a temporary measure and may be removed by the time access is



required. North of the junction on the B93 a lamp post is very close to the footprint of the vehicle body. Careful attention will be required in this area. Overhead cabling across the B93 at this junction will not be disturbed by the delivery vehicles. In order to overcome the issue of private land take, again using a specialised vehicle with raising capabilities and independent individual wheel rear steering, it should be possible to make this turn using existing road and verges. Constraint 3 Anticur Cross Roads A left turn is required into Glenbuck Road, however detailed analysis of this junction showed that this turn can be executed without encroaching on any third party lands. It will be necessary to travel in the roadside verges and some localised trimming may be required on the eastern verge of the B93, however any damage to existing verges will be made good following completion of the delivery process. Haulage Route Mitigation: As the turbine delivery at this site is relatively small in number, it will result in minimal traffic disruption, as all deliveries to the site can be made during off peak hours (typically 09:30hrs to 15:00hrs and 18:00hrs to 06:00hrs) at the discretion of the PSNI, Abnormal Loads and Local Roads Service Department. This will ensure that local residents are not inconvenienced during the busiest periods of road use.

Prior to haulage taking place a survey of the route will be carried out with TCI Civil Engineers, TCI Renewables and Roads Service to assess current existing road conditions. Any traffic management measures agreed with the Roads Service will be written into sub-contracts with turbine suppliers and civil engineering sub-contractors to ensure compliance.

• PSNI will be notified of the movement of long and abnormal vehicles and applications for the use of police escorts will be made where applicable.

A lead warning vehicle will be used, this is particularly relevant on bends or junctions where long vehicles would need to swing into the path of oncoming vehicles. This is only considered likely on the minor roads closer to the proposed development site. Escort vehicles would drive ahead and stop oncoming traffic.



Figure 8.7 Proposed Haulage Route Map from the A26 Glarryford turn off



Section 8.8 Shadow Flicker & Reflectivity The shadow cast by tall structures (wind turbines) tend to flicker when blades rotate. The effect is felt inside buildings through a narrow opening, when the sun is low in the sky. Should it occur shadow flicker is most noted in dwellings at distances within ten rotor diameters of the turbine, in directions from southwest through north, to southeast. In order for shadow flicker to occur the following seven circumstances need to apply simultaneously:

• The sun must be shining • The wind turbine must be in operation, so wind speeds must be in excess of 4-5

metres per second • The moving shadow cast by rotating blades must be visible from within a building

through an open window. • The orientation of a turbine and its angle of elevation to the observer must

coincide with the angle and position of the sun to the building, so that the shadow is intermittently cast unto the building. This effect will only occur at certain times of the year and day, in the United Kingdom this is most likely in winter months of late October through to early February.

• Since the origin of the effect is the sun, dwellings, which may be affected, must lie on the shaded side of the wind turbine.

• Shadow flicker ceases at a distance of more than ten rotor diameters from the wind turbine. The maximum applicable rotor diameter of the currently proposed wind turbine is 90m therefore the dwelling would have to lie within 900m of the nearest wind turbine and satisfy each of the previous criteria for any form of shadow flicker to occur.

If shadow flicker does occur, generally, the calculated duration of any shadow flicker event is sufficiently short to have only a temporary effect. The frequency of any shadow flicker is outside of the range, which is thought to affect people suffering from epilepsy. At Glenbuck, the proposed turbines would rotate under variable speeds but always under 20rpm and therefore well below any nuisance threshold. Only occupants of buildings are likely to be affected by shadow flicker when a turbine blade shadow passes an open door or window within a flicker zone, as the sunlight comes from one source. Shadow flicker is hard to detect in the open as light outside comes from all directions.

Due to physical direction of the nearest properties in relation to the turbines/sun, low rotational speeds, frequent cloud cover, turbine to residence separation of at least 800m, intervening vegetation and durations of unfavourable turbine to sun alignment, it is concluded that shadow flicker will not cause a significant nuisance to neighbours at Glenbuck. If any shadows are visible at houses, they will be barely distinct, especially in low visibility conditions.

If any nuisance from shadow flicker is reported, this could be remedied by such measures as the fitting of window blinds but is not anticipated at this development.

Reflectivity can be described as the reflection of sunlight off the blades of the turbine as they rotate. Measures can be taken to minimise the potential of occurrence by carefully selecting both the colour and finish of the turbine blades. It is proposed to use an industry recommended pale grey colour with a semi matt finish for the turbine blades. This colour is considered the best to achieve minimal reflection.



Section 8.9 Electromagnetic Interference Wind turbines can interfere with radio waves of various frequencies, eg TV, radio and microwave. Most potential conflicts with these systems can be identified during the consultation phase of the development and avoided by careful siting of the turbine. If problems are identified once a wind turbine is operational then remediation measures can be implemented. These may include, the restoration (or even improvement) of TV reception by redirecting or replacing domestic TV aerials, installation of digital TV facilities, or in extreme cases, a new repeat transmitter or relay station can be built to divert any disruption to signals away from the turbine. Extensive consultation has been undertaken with public and private operators in order to establish the electro-magnetic environment within and around the site. Consultees included BBC, Cable & Wireless, BT, O2, Orange, Vodafone, Three, T-Mobile, National Grid Wireless, Water Service, MOD, PSNI, CAA, NATS, Energis and Defence Estates. Whilst the site is a substantial distance (over 30km) from any airport, it was felt prudent to consult with Belfast International, Belfast City and Derry City Airports to ensure that the proposed turbine did not cause any interference to aircraft safeguarding. In addition TCI Renewables commissioned National Air Traffic Services to complete an impact study on Belfast International Airport Radar. In each case the power received was less than the threshold making it highly unlikely that the turbines would be detected by the radar at Belfast. The current turbine sitings were considered acceptable and unlikely to be detected by the radar at Belfast. If there were concerns raised, turbines could be fitted with an aircraft warning light if considered necessary. None of the specialist consultees has raised an objection to the proposal and no insuperable problems have been identified in regard to EMI from TV and Radio Reception, Microwave Technology and Aircraft Safeguarding. Should any issues arise following construction suitable mitigation will be implemented as appropriate.



Section 8.10 Archaeology & Heritage Audrey Gahan a qualified archaeologist from Gahan & Long undertook a Professional Assessment of the potential effects that the proposed development may have on the archaeology and heritage around the development site and surrounding area. The following is a brief review of the findings of the Assessment.

The types of impacts, which the proposed development could have on cultural heritage were assessed in the following categories;

Direct: where there will be a physical effect on a site caused by the proposed development. Direct effects may be caused by a range of activities associated with the construction and operation of proposed development features. Construction activities may include ground-disturbing excavations for turbine foundations, cable trenches, access roads and ancillary buildings. It is possible that potential surviving sub-surface archaeological strata may exist within the development area, of which no evidence is visible above ground. Should such remains exist, then these would potentially be negatively impacted upon during construction.

Indirect: where the setting of a site or monument may be affected. Setting in this assessment is understood in functional terms only. Indirect effects may relate to new development reducing views to or from cultural heritage features, which have important landscape settings. Such effects are likely to occur during the construction phase of a development and could persist through the operational phase.

One site of archaeological importance was identified within the site development area, ANT 22:13. The site ANT 22:13, represents the remains of a post-medieval mass site and is recorded as an altar, but inspection of the area has revealed that no specific archaeological remains could be located. This site does not appear to have an important landscape setting and exists today as heather covered stone. The site cannot be seen from a distance and as such the development does not represent a visual impact on this monument. The proposed development is deemed therefore to have no impact on this site. Outside the site development boundary 3 scheduled monuments were identified as a passage tomb ANT 22:24, and 2 court tombs, ANT 22:12 and ANT 22:23. As part of our visual impact assessment we produced photomontages from each of these to show any potential loss of inter-visual amenity.

As there is the possibility of uncovering previously unknown archaeological remains during the construction phase of the development archaeological mitigation will be required. This is summarised as follows:

• No groundwork’s to occur without the presence of a suitably qualified and licensed archaeologist to monitor all such disturbance.

• Any area of potential disturbance will be stripped of topsoil, using a smooth edged bucket on a back-acting mechanical excavator. Avoidance of over excavation should be adhered and the advice of the archaeologist on-site should be adhered to regarding this.

• Each excavating machine should be watched by at least one archaeologist at all times (1:1 ratio).

• It is recommended that any unexpectedly significant or complex discoveries, or any other unexpected occurrences or conditions, which might affect the agreed project work or its timetable, should be notified immediately to the client and the Department.

• Should archaeological remains be encountered during the work, all features should be cleaned, photographed and recorded, and if necessary a small area excavated to ascertain the exact nature and extent of the archaeological material.



• On completion of site works, the archaeologist must undertake post-excavation works, including artefact processing and analysis, sample processing, specialist reports and report writing. Once any post-excavation work is completed the archaeologist must prepare a full report on the results to publication standard.

Conclusions:

A single site was identified within the area of the proposed development ANT 22:13, which while described as an altar remains unlocated. It will therefore not be directly impacted upon by the wind farm.

No previously unrecorded monuments were identified within the development area during the site inspection.

A visual analysis of the potential impact on the 8 most noted upstanding monuments (three state care and five scheduled) from the proposed development was carried out. The results revealed that due to careful siting, local topography and distance/direction of the turbines that they would have very little impact on the local archaeology. The full photomontages for this visual assessment can be seen in Appendices 69-75 in Volume 2.

Section 8.11 Air & Climate

No fumes or emissions are produced by the operation of a wind turbine, other than those associated with vehicles used by operations and maintenance engineers (who visit the site for routine maintenance no more than once a month). The use of wind power for generating electricity produces no direct atmospheric emissions and is therefore useful in contributing to a reduction in the levels of atmospheric pollutants produced by the other forms of electricity production, which involve the burning of finite coal, oil and gas.

Section 8.12 Local Socio-Economic & Wider Beneficial Impacts

The planning application is for the installation of a 5 turbine wind farm up to 15MW capacity at Glenbuck, near Dunloy. The wind farm, if installed, will generate approximately 38,000,000 kWh per year (40GWh) of “green” renewable electricity. The benefits of the proposed development fall into two categories, environmental and economic. Environmental benefits accrue through the displacement of greenhouse gasses and acid rain and from generating a greater proportion of Northern Ireland’s energy from a sustainable energy resource. Economic benefits are linked to the provision of competitive, secure and diverse energy resources increasing the security of electricity supply and also through the economic activity associated with the construction and operation of the wind turbine. The main environmental effects (benefits) which, would flow from the operation of the wind turbine would be:

• The generation of clean, renewable electricity equivalent to the combined average domestic consumption of more than 8500 homes (based on a 4700kw/annum average load figure).

• The offsetting each year of the emission of around 21900 tonnes of carbon

dioxide. Over the expected twenty year life of the wind farm this would represent a saving of approximately 4200000 tonnes of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide released from the combustion of fossil fuels is the primary cause of climate change. Climate change is predicted to have significant adverse consequences for the whole of the United Kingdom and Ireland and possible catastrophic consequences for much of the developing world.

• The offsetting each year of the emission of around 82.2 tonnes of sulphur

dioxide.



• Lack of any environmental damage or degradation associated with the

extraction and transport of fossil fuels, or the disposal of waste products.

• The benefits of using a renewable energy source. There is no risk of loss to a finite resource such as the wind.

• A wind farm has a positive energy payback ratio. The turbines will produce the

equivalent amount of energy as is used in their fabrication, installation, operation, and eventual decommissioning, within four months of operation. Indeed the turbine over its predicted 20 year life span will produce over thirty times more electricity than was used in any of the development processes listed.

In addition to the environmental benefits there are important economic and social benefits, which arise from the wind farm development. There will be a direct economic benefit mainly during the construction phase of the development, through the provision of construction jobs. The purchase/lease of Plant, materials equipment and associated operatives will be sourced locally. The total short-term expenditure is estimated at around £1,500,000 over the construction period. The creation of a wind farm presents an educational opportunity. It raises awareness of the issues of energy generation, conservation and sustainability, which should help to promote other sustainable energy opportunities and initiatives on a County, Provincial and National level. There is currently no evidence to suggest that a wind farm has a detrimental effect on tourism despite what some anti-wind campaigners may claim. On the contrary the evidence collated so far would suggest that in reality the wind farms themselves serve as tourist attractions, with increasing numbers believed to be visiting wind farms. In fact Altahullion (Northern Ireland’s biggest wind farm) near Dungiven has set aside a single turbine especially for tourism and as an educational resource where members of the public can walk right up to the turbines and see for themselves how this technology works, the size and scale of a turbine and the noise generated from it.

Section 8.13 Health & Safety

Modern wind turbines are designed and built to established safety standards and have an excellent safety record. Turbine control and monitoring systems operate with several levels of redundancy to protect the plant from damage. In the case of faults arising, including over speed of the blades, overpower production or loss of grid connection, turbines shut down automatically via fail-safe braking mechanisms. In addition, turbines are fitted with vibration sensors so that if a blade was damaged, or unbalanced due to the formation of ice on blades, the turbine automatically shuts down. The wind turbine will be designed, constructed, operated and decommissioned in accordance with the conditions of the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations and the recommendations of the British Wind Energy Association (BWEA) / Health and Safety Executive (HSE) working group on safety. It is considered that if the appropriate legislation regulations are adhered to during the design, construction and operation phases of the development, and the best available technology is used in the selection of turbine design along with the use of a semi-matt paint finish, there will be no adverse impact on the safety of operators during construction or maintenance of the wind farm, or to the general public. If these matters are considered, and measures integrated into site engineering design and management procedures, no long-term adverse impacts are anticipated.



Section 9.0 Overview of Mitigation issues In the EIA, the significance of the predicted effects for each of the subject areas has been assessed. The effects have then been ascribed significance according to certain criteria, principally the geographical extent of the predicted effect and the ability to mitigate or improve it. The range of potential significance for each effect is as follows: -

• Severe adverse • Major adverse • Moderate adverse • Nil • Minor benefit • Moderate benefit • Major benefit • Maximum benefit

The significance of each of the predicted effects is set out in the EIA in summary form. They relate to the construction and operational periods and to possible long-term effects. Certain locations may experience cumulative effects, which are defined as more than one impact or different impacts occurring over a long time. The locations where some cumulative effects may be expected include residential property in the immediate vicinity of the wind turbine (Glenbuck Road), and possibly some parts of Dunloy village. Impacts would include some visual intrusion and noise, as well as marginally increased local traffic levels during the construction period. Construction effects would mainly be visual, involving the creation of tracks and areas of hardstanding as well as the presence onsite of plant and equipment. The use of these areas would also give rise to some noise. The construction impacts would be short-lived (40 weeks) and would be off-set by the benefits of local demand for hospitality, hotel and other facilities and by the use of local materials for construction purposes. For the operational period key adverse impacts would be related to visual impact from the wind turbines on the wider landscape and nearby properties. The assessment of noise indicates that there would be no significant adverse impact. The major benefit of the wind farm is the production of renewable energy with no release of pollutant gases or creation of radioactive waste materials.



Section 10.0 Conclusions All energy production has an environmental cost. This project will minimise the cost to the wider environment and avoids causing long-term harm by significantly reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Wind energy projects have specific locational requirements and must be sited where the wind resource is found. The proposed development has been sited following a clear and rational selection process. The project has been designed to optimise wind energy capture within the planning constraints identified. The development will have an impact on the visual amenity of some local properties up to about 3km and more generally in the wider landscape. Visually, the proposal will create a new feature in the landscape that will be intermittently visible from the north south and west of the study area. Whether this change in visual amenity is considered positive or negative will largely depend on the perceptions and opinions of the individual experiencing the view.

However, the impact has been assessed to be of moderate effect and is offset by the major benefits of producing renewable energy, avoiding the discharge of air pollutants and production of radioactive waste materials, and by helping to create an awareness of the issues of sustainability.



Further Information: All 3 volumes of the Environmental Statement can be obtained from: - Gary Preston Development Manager TCI Renewables Unit 2 The Old Throne Hospital 244 Whitewell Road Belfast BT36 7ES T: 00 +44 (0)28 9037 0345 e-mail: [email protected] The price is £75.00 including postage and packaging for a fully bound paper copy of Volumes 1 and 2. Paper copies of the Non-Technical Summary (Volume 3) are £5.00 including postage and packaging. Electronic copies of the three volume EIS are available on DVD for use on a PC for £10.00 each including postage and packaging. Additionally the EIS is available to buy from Dunloy Post Office 26 Main Street Dunloy Ballymena BT44 8AA The price is £60.00 for a fully bound paper copy of Volumes 1, 2 & 3 (as postage and packaging is not required). Alternatively, full copies of the Environmental Statement can be inspected free of charge at: Planning Authority Headquarters – Millennium House Belfast (Strictly by appointment only) Ballymoney District Council Buildings – By prior appointment

mailto:[email protected]

glenbuck wind farm environmental impact statement one: environmental impact assessment (on which...

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