GLACSWEBGLACSWEB

Kirk Martinez, Jane K. Hart, Royan Ong & Joseph Kirk Martinez, Jane K. Hart, Royan Ong & Joseph Stefanov, Stefanov, University of SouthamptonUniversity of Southampton;;

Ian Marshall & David Robinson,Ian Marshall & David Robinson, BTExactBTExact;;

Nathan Boyd and John Argirakis, Nathan Boyd and John Argirakis, InteliSYSInteliSYS

Aims and Objectives

• To monitor glacier dynamics as a contribution to the study of ‘Global Warming’

• To develop a pervasive sensor network• reusable, self-configuring, cheap• robust communications• adaptive behaviour• extensible ad-hoc networking for new sensors• low power

• To produce generic components and expertise useful in other environments

GLACSWEB

Pervasive computing

Supraglacial data Subglacial data

System overview

ReferenceStation (RS)

Base Station(BS)

GLACIER ROCKS Cafe

PR

TILL

PR

PR

PR

ICE

Long range comms(466 MHz)

RCRC

RC

RCRC

Short range comms(433 MHz)

PR = ProbesRC = Receivers

Preliminary Results from Preliminary Results from Briksdalsbreen in 2003Briksdalsbreen in 2003

• Field results

• Sensor network

map

Understanding the Subglacial Environment

• Ground Penetrating Radar

• Drilling & till sampling

• Borehole camera

Drilling and Till Sampling

A hot-water drill made our holes – right down to 80m deep.

Other tools allowed investigation of the material at the bottom

Ice hole depth

10m0

N

Ice flow72m

Water drained

70m

76m

80m

Water filled

55m65m

82m

56m62m 63m

75m>38m

Design, construction and final testing of the Probes

Probes

• Plastic case (10cm long)• PIC microcontroller• Radio Transceiver (868MHz)• A/D and amplifiers• Batteries• Sensors: tilt, temp, pressure• Real time clock

I2C

7 56

121110

8 4

21

9 3

Realtime Clock

Power supply(switch-mode)

Micro-controller

(16F876)

Temperaturesensor

Pressuresensor

Orientationsensor

FLASHROM(16kB)

Transceiver(868 MHz)

RS232

Short rangecommunication

7.2V

bat

tery

(Lith

ium

Thi

only

Chl

orid

e)

Probe subsystems

Probe pressure tests in Oceanography

PCBs

Base station

• Measure snow levels, temp, box tilt, bat V

• Radio links to Ref station and probes

• DGPS• Large power supply

and solar panel

Transceiver(868 MHz)

Micro-controller

(16F877)

12V

bat

tery

(Se

ale

d Le

ad-a

cid)

I2C

7 56

121110

8 4

21

9 3

Realtime Clock

Power supply(switch-mode)

FLASHROM(32kB)

GPS controller(16F628)

GSM controller(16F628)

Radio modem(466 MHz)

Short rangecommunication

Long rangecommunication

GPS module(Legacy-H)

Snow sensor(16F628)

RS

232

Base Station

Reference station• Small Linux server• ISDN line• Backup of all data• Gets all DGPS data• Deposits data on

Southampton server

Radio modem(466 MHz)

Long rangecommunication

GPS module(Legacy-H)

Reference Station

Reference Station

ISDN link to internet

Hours Probe Base Station Reference Station

0000 Data logging - -

0400 Data logging - -

0800 Data logging - -

1200 Data logging GPS logging GPS logging

1600 Communication Communication Communication

1900 - - Data transfer

2000 Data logging - -

System Timeline

System on times: Data logging - 11 secondsGPS logging - 20 minutesCommunication - 180, 300, 600 seconds (PR, BS, RS)Data transfer - when completed

Summary

• Characterised depth and nature of the bed

• Designed, built, tested and deployed 9 probes

• Set up Base Station and Reference station

• ISDN link for the reference station was set up

• SMS receiver was set up in Southampton

Future development

• Smaller probe electronics

• Lower frequency probe communications

• Probe positioning system– Investigate chirps and pulses

• Web site data plots

David Robinson, Daniel Miles, Jane Hart, Kirk Martinez, Sue Way & Royan Ong