• Give 2 examples of a physical property of Oxygen gas and 1 example of a chemical property.

Question of the Day

Chapter 19

Lesson 2Nonmetals

Nonmetals your body’s mass is made of oxygen,

carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogencalcium, a metal, and other elements

make up the remaining four percent of your body’s mass

Properties of Nonmetals

Phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine are other elements found in your body.

Nonmetals elements that usually are gases or

brittle solids at room temperature

Properties of Nonmetals

Nonmetals don’t conduct heat or electricity well,

and generally they are not shiny. Periodic table

all nonmetals except hydrogen are found at the right of the stair-step line.

Properties of Nonmetals

The noble gasesgroup 18, make up the only group of

elements that are all nonmetalsGroup 17

except for astatine, are also nonmetals

Properties of Nonmetals

Electrons most nonmetals are strongly attracted

to the nucleus of the atom. as a group, nonmetals are poor

conductors of heat and electricity. Nonmetals

form both ionic and covalent compounds.

Bonding in Nonmetals

Nonmetals gain electrons from metals, the

nonmetals become negative ions in ionic compounds.

Bonding with other nonmetals atoms of nonmetals usually share

electrons to form covalent compounds.

Bonding in Nonmetals

Hydrogen atoms in the universe, about 90 percent of them are hydrogen. found mostly in the compound water

Water when broken down into its elements,

hydrogen becomes a gas made up of diatomic molecules.

Hydrogen

Diatomic molecule two atoms of the same element in a

covalent bond

Hydrogen

Hydrogen highly reactive. a single electron, which the atom shares

when it combines with other nonmetals. can gain an electron when it combines

with alkali and alkaline earth metals. forms hydrides.

Hydrogen

Halogen lights contain small

amounts of bromine or iodine.

These elements, as well as fluorine, chlorine, and astatine, are called halogens and are in Group 17.

The Halogens

Halogensvery reactive in

their elemental form

their compounds have many uses.

The Halogens

Halogen seven electrons in its outer energy level only one electron is needed to complete

this energy level. if a halogen gains an electron from a

metal, an ionic compound, called a salt is formed.

The Halogens

Gaseous stateform reactive diatomic

covalent molecules can be identified by their

distinctive colors. chlorine is greenish

yellow, bromine is reddish orange, and iodine is violet.

The Halogens

Fluorine most chemically active of all elements

Chlorine compounds are used to disinfect waterobtained from seawater at ocean-salt

recovery sites

The Halogens

Bromineonly nonmetal that is a liquid at room

temperature extracted from compounds in seawater.compounds are used as dyes in

cosmetics.

Uses of Halogens

Iodine, shiny purple-gray solid at room

temperature, is obtained from seawater. When heated, iodine changes directly to

a purple vapor. Sublimation

solid changing directly to a vapor without forming a liquid

Uses of Halogens

Astatine last member of Group 17radioactive and rare, but has many

properties similar to those of the other halogens.

no known uses due to its rarity.

Uses of Halogens

The noble gases exist as isolated

atomsstable~ their

outermost energy levels are full.

no naturally occurring noble gas compounds are known

The Noble Gases

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8JyQShZRA&feature=plcp

Characteristics

Characteristic Metal Nonmetal

1. Appearance of a solid Shiny Dull

2. Is it malleable? Yes No

3. Is it ductile? Yes No

4. Does it conduct electricity well? Yes No

5. Does it conduct heat well? Yes No

6. Most common state at room temp.

Solid Gas