Gilmara Johnson

Carolyn Singleton

Stacy T. Feldstein

Phonetics: The Sounds of

Language February 22, 2014

Participants will identify the sounds of American English, the symbols that represent them and their particular characteristics by listening to language patterns and sounds

and analyzing language the groups.

Objective

1. An Arabic student asks, “Where is my baber?”2. A Chinese student says, “Watch out for broken grass!”3. A Serbian student says, “I vant to eat.”4. A Czech student says, “I leave in Yanuary”5. A Farsi student says, “When will you co back?”6. A French student says, “I will stay with zem.”7. A German student says, “I sink so.”8. A Japanese student says, “It is bery good”.9. A Korean student says, “I drive a zeep.”10. A Spanish student says, “He is chort”11. A Filipino Student says, “It is my pavorite”12. A Turkish student asks, “Do I get a stigger?”13. A Vietnamese student says, “I got two book.”

Name that Phoneme Substitution

The study of speech sounds

Mom: “Hold on”Toddler: “I’m holing

don, I’m holing don.”

Phonetics

Languages differ to a greater or lesser degree in the inventory of speech sounds that words are built from.

Our linguistic knowledge makes it possible to ignore non linguistic differences. (Background noise, interference)

Identity of Speech Sounds

The Phonetic Alphabet (Fromkin et al., p. 192)

Orthography = alphabetic spellingPhonetics = way for the same sound to be

spelled with the same letter every time, and for any letter to stand for the same sound every time.

IPA

Sofa represents vowels in syllables that are not

emphasized in speaking and whose duration is very shortgeneral, aboutreader

reserved for the vowel sound in all reduced syllables

[ə] = schwa

Bilabial: p b mLabiodental: f vInterdental: θ ðAlveolar: t d n s z l

rPalatal: ʃ ʒ t ʃ dʒVelar: k g ŋUvulars: ʀ q ɢGlottal: h ʔ

Place of Articulation of English Consonants: TABLE 5.2, p. 198

the constriction occurs by raising the front part of the tongue to the palate.mission [mɪʃən]Measure [mɛʒər] cheap [tʃip]judge [dʒʌdʒ]yoyo [jojo]

Palatal: ʃ ʒ t ʃ dʒ

sounds produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft palate or velum

The initial and final sounds of:kick [kɪk] gig [gɪg

final sounds of:back [bӕk]bag [bӕg]bang [bӕŋ]

Velar: k g ŋ

produced by raising the back of the tongue to the uvula, the fleshy protuberance that hangs down in the back of our throats.

The r in French is often a uvular trill symbolized by [ʀ].

The uvular sounds [q] and [ɢ] occur in Arabic. These sounds do not ordinarily occur in English.

Uvulars [ʀ] [q] [ɢ]

[h] flow of air through the open glottis, and past

the tongue and lips a vowel sound always follows [h]

[ʔ]air is stopped completely at the glottis by

tightly closed vocal cordsglottal stop: interjection “uh-oh” [ʔʌʔo]

Glottal: h ʔ

/p/

/b/

/m/

Bilabials

/t/

/d/

/n/

Alveolars

/k/

/g/

/ŋ/

Velars

??Manner of Articulation

Manner of Articulation Voiced and Voiceless Sounds

Voiced Voiceless

Air obstruction Air flows freely

Vibration of vocal cords No vibration of vocal cords

zzzzzzzzzzzzz sssssssssssssssssssssss

Nasal and Oral SoundsWhat distinguishes the bilabial voiced /m/ from /b/?

Velum down

Air escapes through nose and

mouth

Nasal sound

Velum up

Air escapes through mouth only

Oral sound

m b

Activity:/t/ /s/= Describe place and manner of

articulationWhat distinguishes them?

Other phonetic features

Stops Continuants

The airstream is completely blocked in the oral cavity

The airstream flows continually through the mouth

Affricates: A stop closure followed immediately by a slow release

Fricatives: the airstream is forced through a constriction in the vocal tract causing friction

Liquids: some obstruction of airstream, no real constriction /l/, /r/

Glides: (or semi-vowels)little obstruction of the airstream /j/, /w/

Silent letters & hidden sounds

Table Below:ou represents six distinct vowel sounds; the gh is silent in all but rough, where it is pronounced [f]; the th represents a single sound, either [Ð] or [ð], and the l in would is also silent.

Test questions: Listen to the questions 8, 9, 10,11,12,13,14,15

Practice

#1 The first sound in each: a. judge [dʒ] b. Thomas [t] c. though [ð] d. easy [i] e. pneumonia [n] f. thought [θ] g. contact [k] h. phone [f] i. civic [s] j. usual [j]

PRACTICE! p. 218 #1

PRACTICE! p. 218 # 2#2: last sound in each

a.fleece [s] b. neigh [eI] c. long [ŋ] d. health [θ] e. watch [tʃ] f. cow [aʊ] g. rough [f] h. cheese [z] i. bleached [t] j. rags [z]

a. physics [fIzIks] b. merry [meri] c. marry [mæri] d. Mary [meri] e. yellow [jɛlo] f. sticky [stIki] g. transcription

[trænskrIpʃən] h. Fromkin [frəmkIn] i. tease [tIz] j. weather [wɛðər] k. coat [kot]

l. Rodman [radmən] m. heath [hiθ] n. “your name” [stesi] o. touch [tətʃ] p. cough [kɔf] q. larynx [lærIŋks] r. through [θru] s. beautiful [bjutəfəl] t. honest [anəst] u. president

[prɛzədənt]

PRACTICE! p. 218# 3# 3: phonetic transcription

[hit] = heat[strok] = stroke[fez] = phase[ton] = tone[boni] = bony[skrim] = scream[frut] = fruit[pritʃər] = preacher[krak] = crack[baks] = box[θæŋks] = thanks[wɛnzde] = Wednesday

[krɔld] = crawled[kantʃiɛntʃəs] =

conscientious[parləmɛntæriən] =

parlimentarian[kwəbɛk] = Quebec[pitsə] = pizza[bərak obamə] =

Barack Obama[dʒɔn məken] = John

McCain[tu θaʊzənd ænd et] =

two thousand and eight

PRACTICE! p. 219 #5#5 Write the words using normal English orthography.