gigabit mm wave comm - ieee 802ieee802.org/802_tutorials/02-march/t80216-02_02a.pdf · gigabit mm...

Gigabit MM Wave Comm

Wayne PleasantTelaxis Communications

[email protected]

2002-03-12 IEEE T802.16-02/02a

Presentation Overview

• History of MM Wave technology• Current status and programs• Technology and performance• Regulatory environment• Standards

HistoryMM Wave ( 10-1mm) 30-300 GHz

“The inventor has transmitted signals to adistance of nearly a mile and herein liesthe first and obvious and exceedinglyvaluable application of this new theoreticalmarvel.”

1896 Daily Chronicle of England

J.C. Bose and 60 GHz

Bose Apparatus

60 GHz Source, Antenna andPolarizer

Point Contact Detectors

60 GHz Polarizer:Book with tin foil between the

pages

Double Prism Attenuator

Bose’s Achievements

• 1895 demonstration of 60 GHzcommunications: 2 years before Marconi

• Semi conducting crystals and PN junctions• MM wave components and assemblies• Predicted existence of EM radiation from

the sun and atmospheric absorption

Modern Times• 1950s : Bell Labs demonstrated long haul

communications using buried circular mmwaveguide in advance of fiber optics

• 1960s : MM wave radio astronomydeveloped high performance componentsand assemblies

• 1970s : Military radar, radiometer,munitions, and communications programsenhanced the industrial base

Cont..• 1980s: U.S. Government MMIC Phase I

and II developed commercial industrialbase for MM wave I.C.s

• 1990s: Broad emergence of governmentand commercial applications andprograms– Auto radar at 77 GHz– Sat Comm at 20, 30, 44, & 60 GHz– Commercial products from 18 to 77 GHz

MM Wave systems 18-580 GHz

• Weather satellites: 18-400 GHz• Radio astronomy: SWAS 550-580 GHz• Imaging radar and radiometers: 94 GHz• Level sensors and industrial sensors: 18-

94 GHz• Plasma reactor probes: 94 GHz• Surveillance, Intelligence, and ESM: 18….

Technology and Performance

• MM wave propagation is well understoodand proven

• Rain data is well quantified worldwide• Long term propagation studies have

validated the models• There are very few surprises and the

theory is very conservative

Telaxis Private Information

Windows &An Abundance of

Spectrum

3 10 7 230

250 GHz250 GHz


North American RainZones

• Almost all isRain Zone K orbetter

• Rain Zone N isthe worst caseand is only theGulf Coast


European RainZones

• Almost all isRain Zone K orbetter

• Rain Zone Ndoes notappear


Rainfall Effects for LinkMargin Analysis38 GHz to 115 GHz for Rain Zone K

0

10

20

30

40

50

6035 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 10

0

105

110

115

Frequency - GHz

Att

enu

atio

n-

dB/k

m

100 mm/hr42 mm/hr12 mm/hrclear-dryfog, 3g/m

99.999%

99.99%

99.9%

Availability

3


Largely Offset byIncreased Antenna Gain

99.999% Availability

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

105

110

115

Frequency - GHz

Att

enua

tion

-dB

100 mm/hr

Attenuation,less Increased Antenna Gain

99.999%

Availability

GigaLinkGigaLinkTMTM Family of RadiosFamily of Radios

Radio “UP” Time Rain Rate (Region F) Max. Range for% of Year mm/Hr BER = 1x10-7

99 0.7 1,496 m99.9 5.2 1,373 m99.99 23 1,057 m99.999 66 825 m

S/N vs. Rain Rates for 1.25 Gbps Giga-Link w/13" Parabola and 60 GHz LNA

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA (Region F)

-20.0

-10.0

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Range (m)

S/N

(dB

)

S/N (clear air)

S/N (0.7 mm rain/hr)S/N (5.2 mm rain/hr)

S/N (23 mm rain/hr)S/N (66mm rain/hr)


500m500m

New OrleansNew Orleans

DenverDenver

550550

550m550m

600m600m 600m600m

600m600m700m700m

700m700m

700m700m

700m700m800m800m

900m900m

800m800m

* ITU Standard Rain Zones

ITU Computed Distance at 99.999%*

L1011-V/4-23Loea Communications Corp.

Atmospheric Attenuationat E-Band

Atmospheric Attenuationat E-Band

• Amospheric attenuation in dry air (10%RH at 15°C) has local minimum at 94GHz (0.1 dB/km, versus 0.2 dB/km at 71GHz)

F R E Q U E N C Y , G H z

AT

TE

NU

AT

ION

,dB

/km

0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 0 35 0

9 471

0 .01

1 .0

1 0 0

0 .1 0

10

1 .0

RH=0%

Applications and Products


FiberLeap Applications inFiber Networks

Long Haul Fiber Backbone(DWDMs Optical Switches, OADMs)

Metro EdgeSONET + IPto Buildings

OADMs & IP Routers

Enterprise LAN to LANIP between Buildings

OADMs & IP Routers

Cellular Backhaul

Metro SONETRing Core

(DWDMs & OADMs)

Base

Station

Base

Station

Switch


1.25 GbpsFiber DS3

MRTCMRTC

C.O.C.O.

10 miles

10 miles

Prototype Technology DemoJanuary 2002, Kihei, Maui

• Teleconferencing• High-speed Internet access,

originating from DS3 line (45 Mbps)

Trex CoatingFacility

Trex CoatingFacility

6 miles6 miles

RenaissanceRenaissance

(Fiber DS3)(Fiber DS3)

L1011-V/4-26

1.7 miles

1.7 miles


Loea Prototype TransceiverSpecifications

Loea Prototype TransceiverSpecifications

• Low-noise MMWtransceiver– Separate Tx/Rx channels at 71.00-72.75

and 73.00-74.75 GHz

– Simple on-off keying

• MMW Cassegraindish antenna– 12, 24, 48-inch diameters (0.7, 0.4, 0.2-

degree beamwidths)

– 240 Watts ERP from 3-milliwatttransmitter (with 48-inch dish)


Half Mile Solution with Parabolic AntennaHalf Mile Solution with Parabolic Antenna


Quarter Mile Solution with Patch Array AntennaQuarter Mile Solution with Patch Array Antenna


Latest Product

• Variable data rate: OC-3 to OC-12

• 1 Km “Typical” with 99.99% availability

• SONET/SDH, Gigabit Ethernet and Fiber Channel

• Direct fiber connection to Access Unit

• Integral high-gain antenna

• Roof, wall or window mount

Patents granted and pending

Regulatory Environment

Outline

• US Spectrum Management Basics• RF Safety Issues• 30 GHz Band• 55-80 GHz Band• 90 GHz Band (W Band)• Conclusions

US Spectrum ManagementBasics

• National Telecommunications andInformation Administration (NTIA)controls all use by Federal Government

• FCC controls all use by private usersand local government

• State Department has key role in ITUissues


• US national spectrum allocation table iscreated and managed jointly by FCCand NTIA


• In order to a band to be available fornormal use, both allocations and FCCservice rules are needed

• All new and modified rules need publiccomment - all comments are addressedin decision

• FCC presently has service rules as highas 77 GHz

mmW RF Safety Issues

• At mmW frequencies RF is generallyabsorbed at skin

• Eye damage is dominant concern• FCC limit

– Adopted in consultation with 4 other health-related agencies

– For 1.5-100 GHz: 1 mW/cm2 averagedover 30 minutes

55-80 GHz Band

• UK first suggested unlicensed use of 60GHz area in 1989 noting effects of O2

absorption• EC selected 76-77 GHz for automobile

radars around same time• FCC adopted unlicensed 59-64 GHz

and 76-77 GHz rules in 1995

55-80 GHz Band

• In December 2000 overall bandplanrevised slightly

• Unlicensed area now 57-64 GHz– All uses permitted except radar– First commercial product approved

11/2000

Harmonix Corp.

Gigalink - 622 Mbps

www.hxi.com

New 50-71 GHz Bandplan

MOBILERADIONAVIGATION

FIXEDMOBILE

FIXED, MOBILE & RADIOLOCATION

ISM: 61.25+ 0.25 GHz

EARTH EXPLORATION-SAT. (passive)SPACE RESEARCH (passive)

SP

AC

ER

ES

EA

RC

H(passive)

EE

SS

(passive)

ISS(GSO)

Go

v’tIS

S(G

128) ISS(GSO)

50.20

50.40

55.78

54.25

52.60

51.40

56.90

57.00

58.20

59.0059.30

64.00

65.00

66.00

71.00

Part 15 Unlicensed Devices per § 15.255

FIXEDMOBILE exceptaeronautical

FIX

ED

MO

BILE

EESSSR

non-Gov’t ISS (GSO andNGSO)MOBILE-SATELLITERADIONAVIGATION-SAT.

Gov’t INTER-SATELLITE (GSO only in thesub-band 59-59.3 GHz; GSO and NGSO in thesub-band 59.3-65 GHz)

no

n-G

ov’t

ISS

(GS

O&

NG

SO

)

FIXED & MOBILE

1-56.265

3-58.447

4-59.591

5-60.306

6-60.435

2-62.486

7-59.164

90 GHz Band (W Band)

• Technology in the US and Japan is nowavailable for this band

• “Chicken and egg” problem may bediscouraging development of products

• FCC plans to propose service rules thisyear

• 14 July 2000 FCC forum exploredpossible approaches with internationalindustry

ITU 90 GHz Allocations

EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)SPACE RESEARCH (passive)

S5.340 (all emissions are prohibited in thisband)

FIXEDMOBILE

EE

SS

(active)&

SR

(active)

86 92 94.094.1

95

100

RADIO ASTRONOMYS5.149 (administrations are urged to take all practicable steps toprotect RA from harmfulinterference)

RADIO ASTRONOMY

FIXEDMOBILE

RADIOLOCATION

RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITES5.554 (satellite links connecting landstations permitted if used with MSS/RNSS)

RADIONAVIGATION

S5.149 (administrations are urged to take all practicable stepsto protect the radio astronomy service from harmful interference)

R..A

stron.

Example of 90 GHz Band PlanBeing Considered by FCC

92.0

95.0

Licensed FIXED,MOBILE &RADIOLOCATION

Single Licensee per servicearea (e.g., single transmitteroccupies entire 900megahertz block; paired withanother 900 megahertz blockat 92.3-93.2 MHz)

Unlicensed

Devices

(IndoorO

nly)(300

MH

zavailable

forw

irelessLA

Ns

&other

devices)

Unlicensed Devices(Indoor Only)

(900 megahertz availablefor wireless LANs andother Part 15 devices)

92.3

93.2

Spaceborne

cloudradars

94.0

94.1

Licensed FIXED,MOBILE &RADIOLOCATION

Single Licensee per servicearea (e.g., single transmitteroccupies entire 900megahertz block; paired withanother 900 megahertz blockat 94.1-95 MHz)

900 megahertz transmit/receiveseparation simplifies filtering


MMW Spectrum for Point-to-Point Communications

MMW Spectrum for Point-to-Point Communications

•• 92-95 GHz92-95 GHz – FCC Exploration,championed by Dr. Michael Marcus (OET)since mid-2000–OET forum July 14, 2000, first explored

possible commercial uses for the 92-95 GHzband (follow-up at International MicrowaveSymposium last May)

–Government co-primary in band, currentlyused widely for military radar andcommunications

–Possibility of commercial spectrum auctions isconcern for NTIA


MMW Bands Ideally Suited to High Bandwidth,Fixed Point-to-Point Communications

MMW Bands Ideally Suited to High Bandwidth,Fixed Point-to-Point Communications

• Spectrum above 70 GHz uncluttered withexisting services; modern needs can beaddressed without concessions to historicalconstraints

• 71-76 GHz band alone contains morebandwidth than combined bandwidth of allMMDS, LMDS, and DEMS bands–Sufficient to accommodate Gigabit Ethernet

(1.25 Gbps) and OC-48 (2.49 Gbps) full-duplexdata transmission with simple modulationschemes


Higher Frequencies, NarrowerBeams Alter Band Management

Paradigms

Higher Frequencies, NarrowerBeams Alter Band Management

Paradigms

Below 5 GHz:Below 5 GHz:–Omni-directional (Broadcast)

Transmission � high spectralscarcity, resolvable throughspectrum parceling only; gives riseto band auctioning andgeographical-area licensing

5 GHz5 GHz –– 40 GHz:40 GHz:

• Motivation for Band Management is toAllow Equitable Sharing of Airwaves as aLimited Resource–As this resource becomes unlimited (e.g. in the

case of free-space laser communication in“pencil beams” at 350 THz), motivation forband regulation disappears


Petition Filed forRulemaking in 71-76 and

81-86 GHz Bands

Petition Filed forRulemaking in 71-76 and

81-86 GHz Bands

• Petition for Rulemaking filed with FCC9/10/01 by Kelley, Drye & Warren onbehalf of Loea Communications,recommending:–Fixed point-to-point licensing based upon

existing Part 101 provisions

–Third-party frequency/path coordination

–Proscription of auctions and area-licenses

• Petition subsequently put out for comment


Proposed Service Rules forNew Bands Use Existing

Framework

Proposed Service Rules forNew Bands Use Existing

Framework

• Based upon Existing Rules for Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave Services Listed underCFR Section 47, Part 101; Adding 71-76 and 81-86 GHz Bands with:

•• Authorized Bandwidth - Part 101.109(c)Authorized Bandwidth - Part 101.109(c) – Max bandwidth: 5,000 MHz, each band

•• Transmitter Power, Part 101.113(a)Transmitter Power, Part 101.113(a) – Maximum EIRP: +55 dBW– Commensurate with other band limits above 19.7 GHz

•• Antenna Gain/Antenna Gain/BeamwidthBeamwidth, Part 101.115(c), Part 101.115(c) – Min. Gain: 50 dBi, Max. HPBW: 0.6°– Gain 12 dB higher than other bands above 19.7 GHz– Enables spatial-parceling paradigm– Precise proposal limits await consensus of WCA Above-60 GHz Committee

• Modulation Spectral Efficiency - Part 101.141Modulation Spectral Efficiency - Part 101.141 – No limits– Commensurate with other bands above 19.7 GHz


Proposed Coordination/Licensing Procedure forFixed P2P Use of 71.0-76.0 GHz and 81.0-86.0

GHz

Proposed Coordination/Licensing Procedure forFixed P2P Use of 71.0-76.0 GHz and 81.0-86.0

GHz

• Based upon existing coordination andlicensing procedures for point-to-pointmicrowave services listed under FCCPart 101

•• Frequency/Path Coordination,Frequency/Path Coordination, throughthird-party entity, required prior to FCCapplication, provides temporaryinterference protection

•• FCC application and point-to-pointFCC application and point-to-point

Standards

Frequency Coordination

• MUST harmonize international allocations• MUST harmonize international standards• MUST harmonize service rules

Standards

• Organizations to date– IEEE 802…..– WCAI above 40 GHz working group

• Doug Lockie and Wayne Pleasant Co-Chairs– 10-12 company participants

– ETSI• Bran• TM

High Altitude View

• Bandwidth must be allocated in large chunkswithout detailed channel assignments– Low order modulation– Saturated operation to achieve power– Minimal data formatting and FEC– Phase noise and stability issues

• Interface standards should be “radio friendly”– No DC/low frequency signaling– Near constant bit rate– PTP protocols

• 1, 10, 40, 100 Gigabit Ethernet will rule• Sonet SDH and PDH will continue to need

support for legacy applications• Fiber optical interfaces and compatibility

will be necessary• Transparency to existing and proposed

protocols• Fixed wireless backhaul may require

unique and dedicated data formats

And Finally…..

• Suggest starting a study group to look atthe issues

• Be prepared for rapid frequency expansionabove 100 GHz

• Fiber optical , laser, and MM wavetechnology is converging, finally.

Contributors

• Mike Marcus: FCC• Dana Wheeler: Harmonix• John Lovberg: Trex/Loea• D. Emerson: NRAO• Patrick Newton: Millitech LLC

Thank you

gigabit mm wave comm - ieee 802ieee802.org/802_tutorials/02-march/t80216-02_02a.pdf · gigabit mm...

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