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MINING ASTEROIDS –

CHARACTERIZATION OF APOPHIS BY ANALYZING EARTH’S

METEORITE IMPACT-EMPLACED MINERAL DEPOSITS

Global Impact Exploration Inc.

Introduction

Meteorite Impact Geometry and

Fragment Distribution

Mineral Deposit Geometry and Distribution

Deposit Size Relationships

Contact information

Global Impact Exploration Inc.Greg Sinitsin, President

Suite 428

3104-30 Ave.

Vernon, BC

V1T 9M9

Canada

T: 250.545.5364

E: giex@shaw.ca

Figures 1, 2 and 3 demonstrate the nature of a meteorite entering

Earth’s atmosphere. After breakup, the fragments fall over an

area which is roughly elliptical in shape. The individual meteorites

or craters are distributed in a systematic manner; the largest

masses or craters are generally located at or near the down-range

boundary of the crater field, while the smallest masses fall at the

up -range boundary.

The distribution of Earth’s polymetallic mineral deposits are found

in numerous elliptical or parabolic groupings or clusters, identical

to elliptical meteorite fall patterns, due to the nature of the breakup

of a meteorite in Earth’s atmosphere, as illustrated by Figures 4,

7 – 12.

Located at the west end of the Athabasca Basin parabola, one of

the world’s largest uranium-producing areas, is the Carswell

Structure, a documented meteorite impact, and its associated

uranium deposit (Cluff Lake) (Figure 4).

The Iberian Pyrite Belt is a cluster of approximately 80 massive

sulphide deposits, making it one of the largest sulphide

concentrations in Earth’s crust, and is distributed in a pattern 250

km long and 25-70 km wide. The deposits have been extensively

mined for 4000 years and their locations, determined by extensive

geological mapping, form a typical meteorite impact parabola, with

the majority of the largest deposits concentrated within the east,

or downrange, end of the parabola. (Figure 10).

Figures 11 and 12 are dramatic examples of the formation of sub-

ellipses formed after the breakup of the meteorite and impacting

to form a series of mineral deposits. The spatial relationship of

the ore deposits, evident in all meteorite falls, are classic

examples of how the largest fragments of the meteorite travels

the furthest distance due to their lower aerodynamic drag,

forming the largest deposits. Close examination reveals sub-

ellipses within the main ellipse.

N

10 km

ore deposits

largest ore

deposit

meteorite breakup

trajectory

Figure 1 - meteorite fall schematics

Figure 2 - Dar al Gani Plateau

Figure 3 – scattering ellipses for meteorite crater strewn fields.

Figure 4 – Athabasca Basin, Canada

Figure 5 –schematic of a meteorite entering Earth’s atmosphere

Figure 6 – schematic of a meteorite impacting Earth’s surface

Figure 7 – Geraldton, Ontario, Canada, (Au) ellipse

Figure 9 – Sudbury Basin, Ontario, Canada

Figure 11 – Pine Point Mine, NWT, Canada

Figure 12

Figure 10 – Iberian Pyrite Belt, western Europe

The main fragment of the meteorite, traveling at hypervelocity,

formed the vertices of a conic shock wave and impacted to form

the Carswell Structure and Cluff Lake uranium deposit located on

the axis of the parabola. The parabola, caused by the section of

the conic shock wave of the low-angle trajectory meteorite

intersecting Earth’s surface, is evidence that the Carswell

Structure and the Athabasca Basin may have been created by

the same meteorite impact, as demonstrated in Figures 5 and 6.

Figure 8 – British Columbia (Cr) ellipse

The Sudbury Basin hosts the world’s largest nickel deposits, and

is the first recognized mineral deposit created by a meteorite

impact. The roughly parabolic shape of the Sudbury Basin has

been modified to its present shape after approximately 1.8 billion

years of geological processes (normal faulting, erosion), and still

recognizable as a low-angle trajectory impact (Figure 9).

meteorite breakup trajectory

10 kmore deposits

N

Pine Point Mine

largest ore

deposit

Global Impact Exploration Inc. (GIEX) concludes

that mineral deposits on Earth are derived from

meteorite impacts, as evidenced by numerous

documented examples available, some of which are

shown here.

Earth has acted as a sampling tool that has sampled

the contents of the solar system; mineral deposits on

Earth are representative of what metals are

available in the solar system. The determined

characteristics of these terrestrial deposits indicate

possible suitability for commercial resource

extraction (including uranium) from NEOs.

On Apophis’ close approach in 2029,

characterization to determine its suitability as a

possible resource may reveal substantial

commercial metal content within Apophis,

generating enthusiasm for developing technology for

extracting this resource from Apophis on its 2036

approach, leading to two simultaneous benefits –

resource retrieval and technological development of

NEO mitigation.

Two examples of mineral deposit ellipses in Ontario and British

Columbia, Canada (Figures 7 and 8):